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Transcript of 1 Abstract 1. 2 Hydrologic Processes within Landscapes 2 snobear.colorado.edu/IntroHydro/hydro.gif.
1
Abstract1
2
Hydrologic Processes within Landscapes2
snobear.colorado.edu/IntroHydro/hydro.gif
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Flint Hills DemoFlint Hills DemoThe F l int Hil l sThe F l int Hil l s
FlintHills
10,000 mi2
KansasKansasCityCity
KonzaLTER
* *
Kilometers
Kansas Ecoregions
44
5
Kings Creek Watershed, Konza Prairie (11 km2)SSURGO soil map, superimposed on orthophoto
USGS Stream Gauge
USGS Stream Gauge
5
6GT Hydrologic Model Simulation,
Flint Hills Ecoregion, Kansas
100 km2
Precip recordDischarge at
Stream network (right)DEM (left)
Kings CreekWatershed,
11 km2
6
7
Dynamic simulations of stream discharge & soil moisture distribution
Driest WettestSoil Moisture
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Soil Moisture (right)DEM (left)
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Dynamic simulations of stream discharge & soil moisture distribution
Driest WettestSoil Moisture
8
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MODES: a MODular Ecosystem Services model for assessing human impacts on land, air & water resources
Bob McKane, Project Coordinator (EPA-WED)
Marc Stieglitz & Feifei Pan (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Ed Rastetter & Bonnie Kwiatkowski (Marine Biological Laboratory)
Nathan Schumaker (EPA-WED), Brad McRae (NCEA), Allen Solomon (USFS), Richard Busing (USGS)
Water Quality & Quantity
Forest Ecosystem Services
Habitat Quality
Wildlife Populations
Air Quality & Greenhouse Gases
Agricultural Ecosystem Services
1010The Problem:
Human actions affect multiple ecosystem services
No single model can capture all stressor effects & ES trade-offs
Ecosystem services are “bundled”increased use of one service involves trade-offs with others
•Water Quality & Quantity • Agricultural Products • Forest Products• Urban Demands & Outputs
• Terrestrial Habitats & Wildlife• Aquatic Habitats & Wildlife
• Air Quality & DepositionCO2, NO3, NH4, O3, CH4, N2O, Particulates…
Forest Products
Crops
Water Quality & Quantity
Wildlife
AquaticLife
Human Well-Being
Human Well-Being
The Problem:
Human actions affect multiple ecosystem services
No single model can capture all stressor effects & ES trade-offs
Forest Products
Greenhouse Gases
Ag Products
Water Quality & Quantity
Wildlife
AquaticLife
1111
EffectsEffects
Multi-Model ApproachMulti-Model Approach
MODES Models
Wildlife Populations
Plant Communities
Biogeochemistry
Hydrology
StressorsStressors
Stressors Land Use• Urban• Agriculture• Forestry
Global Change• Climate• CO2
• N deposition Chemicals• Fertilizers• Pesticides• Toxics
Terrestrial Services Ag products Forest products C sequestration Nutrient regulation GHG regulation
Wildlife
Aquatic Services Drinking water Flood mitigation Aquatic life
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LANDLAND
AIRAIR
WATERWATER
QslopeQmax fQ (s /sm )
CI SkCCv eIGU 10
23,min CONOwfpsdenit FFFL
RCm *DC (1 C )
NC
MODESMODES
12
1313
MODESMODES PhilosophyPhilosophy
Modular: different models for different suites of eco servicesModular: different models for different suites of eco services Process-Based: link effects to stressors (GCC, land use…)Process-Based: link effects to stressors (GCC, land use…) Simple: few parameters & drivers Simple: few parameters & drivers Broad Applicability: ag, forest, grassland, tundra…Broad Applicability: ag, forest, grassland, tundra… Flexible Scales: plots Flexible Scales: plots watersheds, days watersheds, days centuries centuries
Regulatory & Planning GoalsRegulatory & Planning Goals Best Management Practices: balancing multiple eco servicesBest Management Practices: balancing multiple eco services Water Quality: nutrients, contaminantsWater Quality: nutrients, contaminants Water Quantity: too little, too muchWater Quantity: too little, too much Greenhouse gases: CO2, N2O, NOx…Greenhouse gases: CO2, N2O, NOx… Habitat & Wildlife: effects of land use & toxics Habitat & Wildlife: effects of land use & toxics
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MODES MODES suite of modelssuite of models Climate:Climate:
*PRISM*PRISM – high resolution climate data – high resolution climate data *SNOPACK*SNOPACK – snow accumulation, drifting & melt – snow accumulation, drifting & melt SOILTEMPSOILTEMP – soil temperature & permafrost freeze/thaw – soil temperature & permafrost freeze/thaw
Hydrology:Hydrology: *GT *GT –– spatially distributed land surface hydrologyspatially distributed land surface hydrology Stream NetworkStream Network –– stream stream flow accumulation & nutrient attenuationflow accumulation & nutrient attenuation
Biogeochemistry: Biogeochemistry: *MEL*MEL – C, N, P, H – C, N, P, H22O cycling in plants & soilsO cycling in plants & soils *PSM*PSM – plant & soil C & N, losses of DIN, DON – plant & soil C & N, losses of DIN, DON *NESIS*NESIS – stable isotope simulator – stable isotope simulator
Wildlife Habitat & PopulationsWildlife Habitat & Populations *FORCLIM*FORCLIM – plant community / habitat dynamics – plant community / habitat dynamics *PATCH*PATCH – wildlife population dynamics – wildlife population dynamics
*Developed or modified through EPA-WED*Developed or modified through EPA-WED
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Climate:Climate: *PRISM *PRISM –– Daly, Smith, Smith & McKane 2007, J. Applied Meteorology & Climatology Daly, Smith, Smith & McKane 2007, J. Applied Meteorology & Climatology
*SNOPACK *SNOPACK –– Stieglitz 1994, Journal of Climate Stieglitz 1994, Journal of Climate
*SOIL-TEMP *SOIL-TEMP –– Stieglitz, Ducharne, Koster & Suarez 2001, J. Hydrometeorology Stieglitz, Ducharne, Koster & Suarez 2001, J. Hydrometeorology
Hydrology:Hydrology: *GT *GT –– Pan et al. in prep; McKane et al., in reviewPan et al. in prep; McKane et al., in review
Stream Network Stream Network –– Liu & Weller 2007, Environmental Modeling & Assessment Liu & Weller 2007, Environmental Modeling & Assessment
Biogeochemistry:Biogeochemistry: *MEL *MEL –– Rastetter, Perakis, Shaver & Agren 2005, Ecological Applications Rastetter, Perakis, Shaver & Agren 2005, Ecological Applications
*PSM *PSM –– Stieglitz, McKane & Klausmeier 2006, Global Biogeochemical Cycles Stieglitz, McKane & Klausmeier 2006, Global Biogeochemical Cycles
*NESIS *NESIS –– Rastetter , Kwiatkowski & McKane 2005, Ecological Applications Rastetter , Kwiatkowski & McKane 2005, Ecological Applications
Wildlife Habitat & Population DynamicsWildlife Habitat & Population Dynamics *FORCLIM *FORCLIM –– Busing, Solomon, McKane, Burdick 2007, Ecological Applications Busing, Solomon, McKane, Burdick 2007, Ecological Applications
*PATCH *PATCH –– McRae, Schumaker, McKane, Busing, Solomon, Burdick, Ecol. Mod. in press McRae, Schumaker, McKane, Busing, Solomon, Burdick, Ecol. Mod. in press
Recent PublicationsRecent Publications