1 4 th Grade Montana Indian Reservations and Tribes.

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4th Grade Montana IndianReservations and Tribes

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Native American Montana Tribes

BlackfeetSalish, Kootenai, Pend d’OreilleChippewa/CreeCrowNorthern CheyenneAssiniboineSiouxGros Ventre Little Shell

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As we view a slide show on Montana Indians and reservations, you will use your:

Reservation mapsOutline shapes of reservationsNote taking forms

You will be pasting reservation shapes onto your map and taking notes on each Montana tribe.

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Montana Reservations

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Blackfeet ReservationLocated at 48N/113-114W on your map Cut and paste Blackfeet

Reservation onto your map

Shares borders with: Alberta, Canada to the north Glacier National Park to the

west

Interesting features: Marias River St. Mary’s Lake Cities: Heart Butte, East Glacier,

St. Mary, Babb, BrowningUsed with permission from Billings Schools Web Site http://www.billings.k12.mt.us/literacy/mont-indian/flags

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BlackfeetLocated on Blackfeet Reservation in northwestern Montana (Tribal Headquarters in Browning)Originally located in present day Montana, Idaho, Alberta, CanadaBuffalo hunting societyEuropeans had big impact: In the 1500’s

brought horses invaluable for hunting buffalo

In the 1800’s brought smallpox which infected tribe

Blackfeet language is spoken by half of the tribal members ( a difficult language to learn)

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Blackfeet Tribe ( located on the Blackfeet Reservation)

Blackfeet women owned the tipi wore long deerskin dresses decorated with elk teeth and

porcupine quills

Blackfeet men were hunters and warriors wore tunics and breechcloths chiefs wore feather headdresses some men wore 3 braids

in a topknot painted faces for special occasions used long bows, arrows, clubs, hide shields for hunting

and war

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Blackfeet(Located on the Blackfeet Reservation)

Both men and women were story tellers, artists, musicians and medicine peopleChildren hunted, fished, had special games and dollsBlackfeet is the official name Was given by the white man, many tribal people refer to themselves as Blackfeet

Tipi was their home made out of buffalo hide set up and taken down in an hour, sometimes less belonged to the women and were disassembled and

carried by them when relocating

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Blackfeet(Located on the Blackfeet Reservation)

Councils in the past consensus had to be reached when deciding

a matter for the tribe (all chiefs had to agree) at present all council members are elected by tribal

members (like a mayor or governor is elected)

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Blackfeet – Preserving the Past

Leonda Fast Buffalo Horse

Member of the Blackfeet Nation Grew up in Seattle Returned home to Browning In a ceremony in 1989 her

hands were blessed to give her the right to do traditional Blackfeet quillwork.

Also does stained glass.

Quillwork Moccasins

© Kim Thielman-Ibes

www.nationalfolkfestival.com

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Preserving the Past – Blackfeet

Quillwork is not a simple process: Gather quills from porcupines

that have died. Pluck and clean quills. Dye quills, using:

Chokecherries Onion skins Koolaid Rit dye

Soften quills by placing in mouth between gum and cheek.

Flatten quills to be woven or wrapped into a desired shape.

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Flathead Reservation Salish, Kootenai, Pend d’Oreille

Located at 47N/114-115W on your map Cut and paste Flathead Reservation onto your map

Flathead Reservation: In northwestern Montana Tribal Headquarters in Pablo Includes Flathead, Lake, Missoula, and Sanders

Counties

Borders are formed by: Mission Mountains on the east Flathead Lake and Cabinet Mountains to the north Salish Mountains to the west

Interesting features: Rivers: Clark Fork, Jocko, Flathead Flathead Lake (formed by building of Kerr Dam) Cities: Arlee, Ravalli, Dixon, St. Ignatius, Charlo, Ronan,

Pablo, Polson, Big Arm, Elmo, Rollins, Lone Pine, Hot Springs

Used with permission from Billings Schools Web Site http://www.billings.k12.mt.us/literacy/mont-indian/flags

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Salish, Kootenai, Pend d’OreilleSalish Lived between Cascade

Mountains in Washington and Rocky Mountains in Montana

Established headquarters near eastern slope of Rocky Mountains

Salish means “the people”

Kootenai Lived further north At times had friendly relations

with Salish Traded Intermarried

Pend d’Oreille Occupied both sides of the

Rocky Mountains

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Salish, Kootenai, Pend d’Oreille(Located on the Flathead Reservation)

1805 First written record: September 5, met with Lewis and Clark

1870 Chief Victor dies Chief Charlot becomes new chief after Victor dies

1871 President Grant declares Flathead Reservation was better suited to

the needs of the tribe Government forges Chief Charlot’s X (signature) onto agreement

1889 Chief Charlot signs agreement to leave Bitterroot Valley Tribe was near starvation Delayed the move for two additional years

1891 Troops from Fort Missoula force tribe from Bitterroot Valley Soldiers roughly marched tribe to the Flathead Reservation 60

miles away

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Salish – Preserving the PastOshanee Kenmille Born in 1916 in Arlee (died in

February, 2009) Spoke 3 languages:

English Salish Kootenai

Expert beadworker To preserve her tribe’s past,

she: Taught hide tanning Made traditional regalia Taught Salish language

Received $20,000 National Heritage Fellowship in 2003

http://www.nea.gov/honors/heritage/fellows/

©2008 The National Council for the Traditional Arts

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Salish – Preserving the PastAllen Kenmille - (Oshanee's

great-great grandson)

“I’m very lucky because I learn a lot from her.”

A photograph of Montana Salish women from an earlier century tanning hides.

Copyright 2006, Char-Koosta News

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Rocky Boy’s ReservationChippewa and Cree

Located at 48N/110W on your map Cut and paste Rocky Boy’s Reservation onto your map

Includes Hill and Choteau Counties

Interesting features: Mount Baldy Mount Centennial Haystack Mountain East Fork Dam Bonneau Dam Cities: Box Elder, Rocky Boy Milk River

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Chippewa-Cree(Located on the Rocky’s Boy Reservation)

Located on the Rocky Boy’s Reservation north central Montana south of Havre in the Bear Paw Mountains tribal Headquarters in Rocky Boy

Mixed group of Native Americans Cree from Southern Canada Chippewa from the Turtle Mountains in North

Dakota

Resisted reservation system Deported to Canada Returned to hunt buffalo 1916 - agreed to settle on the lands of the Rocky

Boy reservation

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From Past to PresentPlains peoples Proud warrior tradition.Patriotic in the past and the present

1940’s - Three World War II Marine Corps Women Reservists at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.

woman on left is Blackfoot woman on right is Chippewa.

http://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/pictures/select-list-149.html

1887 - Crow warriors imprisoned

at the Crow Agency.

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From Past to Present – Plains Warriors

Shadow WolvesAn elite unit of Native

American trackers in ArizonaCreated in 1972 by an Act of

CongressCurrently consists of 15

members from 7 tribes, including Blackfeet.

In 2003 became part of The Department of Homeland Security.

(C) Copyright 2008 Shadow-Wolves.org™ All Rights Reserved

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Plains Warriors – Preserving the Past in Song

The very first time I heard the flute, I was a young boy living on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation located in Southeastern Montana. Grover Wolfvoice was the flute man playing this wonderful music.

-Joseph Fire Crow

Joseph Fire Crow Grew up in log cabin on Northern

Cheyenne Reservation with no running water until age nine.

Now makes his own native flutes and records songs.

http://www.josephfirecrow.com/Bio.html

Songs come through you out to the people.

Bill Runsabove

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Plains Warriors – Preserving the Past in Song

Joseph Fire Crow has written a song called My Brave Soldier Boy, which we will listen to now. How is this music the

same and how is it different from music you usually listen to?

How do the lyrics remind you of the warrior tradition?

Click again to see the lyrics. Listen to CD.

[Track #6 (American Indian Music – More than Just Flutes and Drums)]

My Brave Soldier BoyMy brave soldier boyYou might have to goOn the sea or in the airO’er Germany or TokyoJust the same my heart is there

with you.

My brave soldier boyYou might have to goOn the sea or in the airOver Iraq or AfghanistanJust the same my heart is there

with you.(Used with permission of Joseph Fire Crow)

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Crow Reservation - Crow TribeLocated at 45N/107-108W on your map Cut and paste Crow Reservation on your map

Borders Wyoming on the south

Interesting features: Big Horn Mountains Pryor Mountains Wolf Teeth Mountains Big Horn River Little Bighorn River Pryor Creek Cities: Hardin, Dunmore, Crow Agency,

Lodge Grass, Wyola, Fort Smith, Pryor Yellowtail Dam


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CrowLocated on the Crow Reservation in southeastern Montana Tribal Headquarters in Crow Agency

Apsaalooke (native name) Split from the Hidatsa group 8000 people in band in the 1800’s Decimated by smallpox in 1800’s

Located in three mountainous areas: Big Horn Mountains Pryor Mountains Wolf Teeth Mountains

Points of Historic Interest Little Bighorn Battlefield Chief Plenty Coups State Park

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Crow – Preserving the PastBirdie Real Bird Started to make Crow-style

dolls in 1998 to honor her mother’s memory.

Makes Crow Women’s regalia

Makes dolls using traditional natural materials

Body made from buckskin stuffed with buffalo hair

Faces and attire use beads, sinew, buckskin

Two of her dolls were purchased by the Smithsonian Museum.

©2008 The National Council for the Traditional Arts

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Northern Cheyenne ReservationNorthern Cheyenne Tribe

Located at 45N/106-107W on your map Cut and paste Northern Cheyenne

Reservation onto map

Northern Cheyenne Reservation In southeastern Montana Tribal Headquarters in Lame Deer Includes Big Horn and Rosebud Counties

Bordered by: Crow Reservation on the west Tongue River on the east

Cities: Busby, Ashland, Birney, Muddy

Tongue River

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Northern Cheyenne(Located on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation)

Originally came from northwestern Minnesota area1700’s Mainly farmed corn and hunted buffalo

1750’s Acquired horses Hunting buffalo became major lifestyle

1876 Joined the Sioux in Battle of the Little Bighorn Cheyenne call the battle “where Long Hair was wiped away

forever”

1884 Part of Crow Reservation land set aside for Northern

Cheyenne

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Northern Cheyenne(Located on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation)

Cheyenne oral history recalls: Smoking peace pipe with Custer, who agreed to

never fight Cheyenne again Ashes were dropped on his boot and scattered on

the ground then wiped away Ashes were a symbol of Custer committing to

never fight the Cheyenne again

Cheyenne call themselves “Morning Star People” To honor Chief Dull Knife (Morning Star)

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Northern Cheyenne – Preserving the PastThe War Shirt, written by Bently Spang illustrated by Troy Anderson

The setting of this story is in eastern Montana. As you look at the pictures, notice how the scenery compares to land around Butte.Read the story now. Break into pairs. Sit shoulder to shoulder. Alternate reading pages with your partner. After all groups have finished reading, return

to your station. We will now STOP and read. When we

regroup, we will click to advance so that we can visit the author’s web site.

Click on the link below to visit the web site

Click the magnifying glass to zoom in.

Click the image of the shirt in the lower right-hand corner and drag to view shirt with the

magnifying glass.

The War Shirt Exhibit

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Fort Belknap ReservationAssiniboine and Gros Ventre

Located at 48N/108-109W your map Cut and paste Fort Belknap Reservation

onto map

Includes Blaine and Phillips Counties

Bordered by: Missouri River on the south

Interesting features: Bear Paw Mountains Little Rocky Mountains Milk River Missouri River Cities: Lodge Pole, Hays, Fort Belknap


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Assiniboine(Located on the Fort Belknap/Fort Peck Reservations)

Located on the Fort Belknap Reservation in north central MontanaAssiniboine (Asiniibwaan, native name) Semi-nomadic, following buffalo herds Formed alliances with other tribes to ward off

Blackfeet Known as Nakoda

Tobacco Used by the tribe Reserved for ceremonies

1888 Fort Peck Reservation established

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Gros Ventre - Ah-ah-nii-nenGros Ventre is French for Big BellyMontana Gros Ventre Indians - call themselves - Ah-ah-nii-nen - means White Clay People

Fort Belknap Reservation Most Gros Ventres live on the south end of

the reservation near the Little Rocky Mountains

1754 First contact with whites on Saskatchewan

River Small pox reduced tribal number greatly

1868 Fort Browning built on Milk River

Built for the Gros Ventre, but built on Sioux hunting grounds

Abandoned in 1871

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Gros Ventre Cultural Traditions

Important ceremonies include the Sun Dance.Pipes important to the Gros Ventre culture. Pipes are held sacred Pipes form the spiritual center of the tribe Tribe originally had ten sacred pipes Eight of the ten were buried with their keepers Only two sacred pipes remain

Feathered pipe Flat pipe

These two sacred pipes are used when prayers are offered to the spirits.

[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/gros_ventre.html]

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Preserving the Past - Ah-ah-nii-nenTradition of the Drum is very important today Brings the people together Provides beat to dancers to

offer praise to the Creator and Mother Earth

Helps heal the sick Carries songs and prayers

to the Great Above All Person

Two main kinds of drums in the northern plains Hand drum – played by one

person Large drum – used at

powwows and played by several people

“They say when an unborn child is developing, the first thing they hear is the heartbeat of the mother —so when babies go to powwows and hear the music, it is just natural. The drumbeat symbolizes the heartbeat of mother earth.”

Bill Runsabove

Pow wow Drum – Creative Commons license:jazamarripae – September 20, 2006

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Preserving the Past – Ah-ah-nii-nen Drum Making

Al Chandler Goodstrike Enrolled member of the White Clay People (Ah-ah-nii-nen) Known for his tipi and hide painting, as well as his drums Prepares elk and buffalo hides by cleaning, scraping, and

tanning Paints hides with natural earth paints and a bone brush.

http://art.mt.gov/folklife/folklife_drum.asp

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Fort Peck ReservationAssiniboine and Sioux

Located at 48N/104-106W on your map Cut and paste Fort Peck Reservation

onto map

Located in northeastern MontanaIncludes Roosevelt CountyBorders McCone County (south) Medicine Lake (east)

Interesting features Rivers:

Poplar River Milk River

Cities: Poplar, Brockton


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Sioux(Located on the Fort Peck Reservation)

Located in north central MontanaDakota Sioux Got horses from Spanish in 1500’s Nomadic tribe, following buffalo, which they considered sacred Used surround system-- killed 100 buffalo at one time

Ceremonies Sun Dance

Sacred ceremony Circular dance Outlawed on reservation in 1882 by whites

Vision Quest Could be done for family members Included fasting (not eating) for 1-4 days

Sweat Lodge Used before any important event Red hot rocks placed inside a lodge Water poured over hot rocks

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From Past to PresentThis map shows traditional ancestral lands of the Assiniboine and the Sioux.

Animals plentiful in this region included bison, deer, elk and porcupine

The people used these animals for raw materials in their homes, tools, and clothing.

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Preserving the Past – Assiniboine & Sioux

Special occasions require special attire. Traditional clothing can be worn for: Weddings Naming ceremonies

(person gets a name in their native language)

Honoring “giveaways” (things of value are given away to honor someone)

Powwows

Traditional clothing is sometimes referred to as regalia.

Examples of regalia: Female regalia:

Elkhide or deerhide dress covered in beads.

Cloth dress covered in shells, elk teeth, or jingles (cone-shaped tin)

Male regalia: Beaded outfit consisting of a belt,

moccasins, vest, headband, etc.

Creative Commons license:liberalmind1012 - 2007

Women in jingle dresses

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Regalia dresses are full of meaning

Decorated with designs and symbols that tell stories in honor of family members.

In the past, many elk teeth on a dress meant great wealth.

Only the two ivory “eyeteeth” of an elk were used on a dress.

In the past, a boy would collect elk teeth over many years of hunting and would save them to be sewn by his mother or sisters on a dress for the woman he would marry.

The use of elk teeth showed the value the people of the Plains placed on the elk.

Today, mountain designs on dresses show how Indians value the land and their surroundings.

Sioux dress from the 1850’s: Deerhide Stitched with sinew Decorated with pony beads 150 elk teeth

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Preserving the Past – Assiniboine & SiouxPorcupines are found along rivers and streams in great numbers in the Northern Plains.

Porcupine quills: were among the first materials used to

decorate clothing were pulled from the hide, washed, dyed,

dried, sorted by size, and then softened in the mouth and flattened.

were softened, flattened, and wrapped or woven around other material.

were dyed different colors and used to make detailed designs.

Natural materials such as plants, flowers, and berries were used to dye quills.

Quillwork is still done by Plains artists today.

Lewis and Clark Journal Entry:Capt. Lewis, May 3, 1805—near the

entranceof the river, we saw an unusual

number ofPorcupines from which we

determined tocall the river after that anamal [sic],

andaccordingly denominated it

Porcupine river[now called the Poplar River].

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With European contact, the variety of materials from which Indian women made their clothing increased, as the map below shows.

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Preserving the Past – Assiniboine & SiouxBefore European contact, beads were made from shell, bone, or stone. After beads were introduced by Europeans, two types were used Pony beads –

Early 1800’s Large beads White, red, blue, black

Seed beads – After 1840 Smaller bead More color choices

Most early beads came from Italy

Visit the web site below to create a simple design with beads.

Wait patiently for the site to load. Once you are at the site, click on

“Forming Cultural Identity” Scroll across to the right if needed. Click on the white right-pointing

arrow 23 times to reach activity. Follow the directions on the screen.

Identity by Design

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Preserving the Past – Assiniboine & SiouxJoyce Growing Thunder Fogarty An Assiniboine and Sioux woman

from the Fort Peck Reservation Comes from a long line of

dressmakers and beaders Spent two years making her first

traditional Sioux dress Received a Lifetime Achievement

Award for her artistry.

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/multimedia/photos/?c=y&articleID=10641552&page=1

©Steven G. Smith

"I watched my grandmothers do a lot of beadwork on the reservation," says Growing Thunder Fogarty, who worked 16 hours a day on her dress.

©Steven G. Smith

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Visit the link below to see the beaded design on one of Ms. Fogarty’s dresses. You have to work to see the design, but not as hard as Ms. Fogarty had to

work creating it! It’s a jigsaw puzzle:

Solve if you have time Auto-solve if you don’t.

Wait patiently for the site to load. Click on “Forming Cultural Identity” Scroll across to the right if needed. Click on the white right-pointing arrow 24 times Drag and drop all the pieces into place to see the design.

Interactive Jigsaw Puzzle

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Clothing SymbolsRead below the meanings of the symbols in Ms.

Fogarty’s Give Away Horses dress.

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Clothing Symbols - ActivityWe have seen a war shirt designed by Bently Spang, a Northern Cheyenne

We have seen a Give Away Horse dress designed by Joyce Growing Thunder Fogarty.

Tribal peoples have traditionally expressed themselves in meaningful ways through their clothing.

We can also express what is meaningful to us through our own clothing. Use sketch paper and crayons, colored pencils, or pastels. Put your name on your sketch paper before you begin (in a corner or on the back). Design a shirt or dress (be creative in your choice of materials if you choose).

Decorate your shirt or dress with symbols that have special meaning to you. You have many options for creativity. Some decorating choices you have are:

Symbols that have personal meaning to you Symbols that have special meaning for your family Symbols that have special meaning because of your heritage Symbols that relate to your hobbies or friends Symbols that deal with your past, present, or future

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Little Shell(Have no reservation land)

“Landless Indians” No designated reservation—headquarters in Great Falls Not federally recognized, but recognized by state of

Montana

1892 Original tribal lands were sold for $90,000 without tribal

permission

1896 600 tribe members were placed in boxcars and sent to

Canada During winter they walked back; lived in deplorable

conditions outside the Hi-Line towns

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Test for Reservations and Tribes

Name______________________

1. There are______ reservations in Montana1. 10

2. 9

3. 7

2. The disease _________ killed many Native People.

1. cancer

2. smallpox

3. the common cold

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3. When the Indians got _______ hunting and traveling became much easier.

1. dogs2. cows3. Horses

4. Blackfeet ________ owned the tipi and were responsible for packing and carrying it.

1. women2. children

3. men 5. At councils Blackfeet chiefs all had to reach

_________ (all had to agree)1. company2. each other3. consensus

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6. The Salish chief __________ had his X mark forged on a treaty.

1. Charlot2. Victor3. Sitting Bull

7. The __________ tribe was deported to Canada.1. Chippewa2. Turtle3. Coyote

8. The ________ tribe went from 8000 people to nearly half that number because of smallpox.

1. Aztec2. Crow3. Navajo

9. The Cheyenne Tribe called the Battle of the Little Bighorn “the battle where ___________ was wiped out forever”.

1. Long Hair2. Long Bow3. Long Neck

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10 This tribe is also known as the Nakodas__________.

• Salish• Assinboine• Crow

11 ____________ was used in many ceremonies.• chicken• Tobacco plant• Bitterroot plant

12 This ceremony uses hot rocks with water poured over them_____________________.

• Sweat lodge• Sun Dance• Vision Quest

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13. This tribe is called the “landless Indians”_____________

1. Chippewa-Cree

2. Crow

3. Antelope

14. This animal was an important food source for the

Indians ____________

1. the fox

2. the rooster

3. the buffalo

15 ____________ brought both the horse and disease to the

Indians

1. Europeans

2. Cubans

3. South Americans

1 4 th Grade Montana Indian Reservations and Tribes.

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Transcript of 1 4 th Grade Montana Indian Reservations and Tribes.