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Transcript of 1 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCNA 2 v3.0 Module 9 Basic Router...
![Page 1: 1 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCNA 2 v3.0 Module 9 Basic Router Troubleshooting.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f535503460f94c770e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CCNA 2 v3.0 Module 9 Basic Router Troubleshooting
![Page 2: 1 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCNA 2 v3.0 Module 9 Basic Router Troubleshooting.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f535503460f94c770e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
444© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• Examining the routing table
• Network testing
• Troubleshooting router issues
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555© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Examining the routing table
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666© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The show ip route Command
The show ip route command displays the contents of the IP routing table.
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777© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Static Routing
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888© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Routing
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999© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Default Route
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101010© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring a Default Route
• The ip default-network command establishes a default route in networks using dynamic routing protocols.
Router(config-router)#ip default-network network-number
• Creating an ip route to 0.0.0.0/0 is another way to configure a default route.
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop-ip-address | exit-interface]
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111111© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining Route Source and Destination
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121212© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining L2 and L3 Addresses
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131313© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining Administrative Distance
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141414© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining the Route Metric
Routing protocols use metrics to determine the best route to a destination.
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151515© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining the Route Next Hop
• Destination/next hop associations tell a router that a particular destination can be reached optimally by sending the packet to a particular router.
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161616© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determining the Last Routing Update
• Use the following commands to find the last routing update:
show ip route
show ip route network
show ip protocols
show ip rip database
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171717© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Observing Multiple Paths to a Destination
• Some routing protocols support multiple paths to the same destination.
• Unlike single path algorithms, these multi-path algorithms permit traffic over multiple lines, provide better throughput, and are more reliable.
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Network testing
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191919© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Network Testing
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202020© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Structured Approach to Troubleshooting
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212121© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Broken cables • Disconnected cables • Cables connected to the wrong ports • Intermittent cable connection • Wrong cables used for the task at
hand • Transceiver problems • DCE cable problems • DTE cable problems • Devices turned off
Typical Layer 1 Errors
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222222© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Improperly configured serial interfaces
• Improperly configured Ethernet interfaces
• Improper encapsulation set • Improper clock rate settings
on serial interfaces • Network interface card (NIC)
problems
Typical Layer 2 Errors
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232323© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Routing protocol not enabled
• Wrong routing protocol enabled
• Incorrect IP addresses
• Incorrect subnet masks
Typical Layer 3 Errors
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Layer 3 Troubleshooting Using Ping
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262626© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 7 Troubleshooting Using Telnet
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272727© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting router issues
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Troubleshooting Layer 1 Using show interfaces Command
The show interfaces serial command
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292929© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Layer 2 Using show interfaces Command
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303030© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Using show cdp neighbors Command
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313131© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Using show cdp neighbors detail Command
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323232© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Using traceroute Command
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333333© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Routing Issues
The show ip route Command
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343434© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Routing Issues
The show ip protocols Command
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353535© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Using show controllers serial Command
The show controllers serial Command
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363636© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to debug
Debug syntax