1

2

What You Will Do

Identify the two categories of vitamins and foods that provide them.List and describe the major minerals and their role in nutrition.Analyze the relationship between sound nutritional practices and physical activity.Explain the relationship between fluid balance and physical activity.Identify the importance of water to your body’s functioning.

3

Terms to Know

vitamins

antioxidants

minerals

phytonutrients

dietary supplement

4

Micronutrients

Because vitamins and minerals are nutrients needed in tiny amounts, they are known as micronutrients.

Vitamins

Micronutrients that help control body processes and help your body release energy to do

work.

Term to Know

Vitamins don’t contain calories, so they don’t provide energy.

5

Micronutrients

Vitamins are classified in two ways:

Fat-soluble vitamins (including A, D, E, and K) can be stored in the body.

Water-soluble vitamins (including C and B complex) are not stored in your body.

6

Micronutrients

Some vitamins and minerals exhibit antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant

Substances that protect body

cells, including those of the

immune system, from damage.

Term to Know

They protect cells from injury and reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and premature aging.

7

Micronutrients

Minerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and iron, help your body function.

Minerals

Substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed

for forming healthy bones

and teeth and for regulating many

vital body processes.

Term to Know

Like vitamins, minerals do not contain calories or supply your body with energy.

8

Micronutrients

Calcium, potassium, and sodium are minerals that are classified as electrolytes.

Electrolytes help maintain normal heart rhythm and control the body’s fluid balance.

9

Micronutrients

Minerals help your body function.Calcium helps build and maintain strong bones.Potassium aids in normal muscle contractions and in the sending of nerve impulses that control the movement of muscles.Sodium helps maintain the fluid balance inside and outside cells and helps nerve impulse transmission.Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells.

10

Water

Drinking water is essential for these reasons:

It regulates body temperature.

It carries nutrients to cells.

It aids in digestion and elimination.

It is key to many bodily chemical reactions.

11

Phytonutrients

A simple plant-based food may contain several hundred phytonutrients. Includes beta carotene and lutein.

Phytonutrients

Health-promoting substances

found in plant foods.

Term to Know

12

Dietary Supplements

Vitamins and minerals are available in dietary supplement form.

Dietary supplement

A nonfood form of one or more

nutrients.

Term to Know

13

Food Sources for Vitamins and Minerals:Vitamin B12 – fortified milk, eggs, fortified breakfast cereals, sardines, salmonCalcium – dairy products, leafy vegetables, canned fish with soft edible bonesVitamin C – citrus fruits, cantaloupe, tomatoesVitamin D – milk, cheese, spinach, eggs, beef liverIron – meat, shellfish, legumes, peanuts, dried fruit, liver

14

Lesson 2 Review

1. Vocabulary What are vitamins? Name three fat-soluble and three water-soluble vitamins.

2. Recall Describe the importance of water to health.

Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary

Vitamins are micronutrients that help control body processes and help your body release energy to do work.

2. Recall

Water is essential for life. Without it death would occur in six to seven days.

15

End ofEnd of

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents