1-2-True Costs of Energy

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2013 International Jo int Graduate Course on Sustainable Energy

The True Cost of Energy

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Yunho Hwang

Reinhard Radermacher

CEEE, University of Maryland


True Energy Costs - Snapshot

Crude costs (Oct 2010) - $84/barrel (EIA, 12/2010)

Cost of dependence - $233 billion/year

Al l economic costs - $480/barrel

Government subsidies - $584 B - $1.9 Tr/year

Environmental costs - $345 B/year

Climate change costs - $56 Tr/year

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Energy Subsidies

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Source: www.eia.doe.gov


Energy Subsidies

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Subsidies take the formof direct subsidies, taxbreaks, loan guarantees,etc.

Source: www.eia.doe.gov


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Energy Subsidies

Source: Doug Koplow, Earth Track, Inc. Subsidies to Energy Industries

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Energy Subsidies

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Source:EnvironmentalLaw Institute www.eli.org


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Energy Subsidies

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Global Warming

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Energy Externalities

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Source: Doug Koplow, Earth Track, Inc. Subsidies to Energy Industries


Externalities - Emissions

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Energy Externalities: Air Pollution

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Most damage locatedin eastern US, due toprevailing w inds

Some majormetropolitan areasexperiencing damages> $300M, per area

Note this excludesenvironmental damage!

Source: www.eli.org


Environmental ImpactMountaintop Removal in Martin County, Kentucky

Photo courtesy Vivian Stockman /www.ohvec.org.Flyover courtesy SouthWings.org

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Environmental Impact

Massey Valley Fill Lyburn, WV


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Before

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Massey Valley Fill Lyburn, WVPhoto courtesy Vivian Stockman /www.ohvec.org.Flyover courtesy SouthWings.org


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after Mountaintop Removal

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Massey Valley Fill Lyburn, WV



Tar Sands and Oil Shale

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Before and After: Forest in northern Alberta staked out by tar

sands prospectors and the Suncor Millennium tar sands site,

Alberta in the March 2009 issue of National Geographic


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Boreal forest turned into open-pit mines for oil extraction inAlberta's tar sands part of a process known as Fracking



Actual remediat ion costs are s ti ll debated butdamages is clear :

Ground water contamination

Waterway contamination

Erosion

Loss of habitat

Ecosystems destroyed

Resources depleted

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Deepwater/Gulf Oil Spill

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Rig exploded 20 April 2010

11 people killed

Capped on 15 July 2010

Released > 4.9 million barrelsof oil

~ 88K miles2 closed tofishing; most reopened byAugust 2010

BP committed $20B to c lean-up trust fund


Deepwater/Gulf Oil Spill

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Fisheries andcritical nurseryareas for crab, etc.all affected

Gulf of Mexicoprovides 33% ofU.S. seafood

Jobs related totourism andfishing industryimpacted


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Oil Pipeline Explosion Dalian, China

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Two pipelines explodedon 16 July 2010

Amount of o il spil ledunclear, with governmentreports of ~400K gallons

Slick covered 165 sqmiles


Oil Pipeline Explosion Dalian, China

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Rescuing pipeline workers f romoil-covered bay

Shells covered inoil


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The Solution?

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10,000 square miles of PVcollectors provide all thepower we need.

Roof area in theUS: ~5,000square miles


The Solution?

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.

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Top Renewable Energy Producing States

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Efficiency: Critical for Renewable

Energy World

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If all of the measures shown w ere deployed, they would save 572 billion kWh

in 2030 for an investment of $5.2 B Source: http://www.aps.org/energyefficiencyreport/report/aps-

energyreport.pdf

1-2-True Costs of Energy

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