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• To identify factors affecting personal To identify factors affecting personal developmentdevelopment

• To analyze various theories of psychosocial To analyze various theories of psychosocial and intellectual developmentand intellectual development

• To compare characteristics of different levels To compare characteristics of different levels of maturityof maturity

• To describe various methods of assessing To describe various methods of assessing developmental levelsdevelopmental levels

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CHRONOLOGICALYear by year progression of age (by numbers)

PHYSICALPhysical body development & growth

EMOTIONALDevelopment of feelings about oneself & others

INTELLECTUALPursuit of academic development & knowledge and application of that

knowledge

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• American psychoanalyst; made contributions to child development and the identity crisis

• Born in Frankfurt, Germany

• Artist and teacher in the late 1920s

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• Immigrated to the US in 1933, joined Harvard Medical School, then moved to Yale University

• Became interested in culture and society’s influential role on child development

• Began to formulate his theories by studying groups of Native American children

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• Developed eight stages of development in 1956

• Based stages of social and emotional development on many years of experience dealing with a wide range of people – from children to elderly and all social and economic levels

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• Found each stage had to be satisfactorily met before moving onto the next stage

• Example: the foundation and subsequent floors of a house must be stable before the next ones can be added

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Birth to 18 months:Birth to 18 months:

Psychosocial stage - InfancyPsychosocial conflict - Basic trust vs. mistrustFavorable outcome - Hope, tolerates

frustration, can delay gratification

Unfavorable outcome - Suspicion, withdrawal

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18 months to three years:18 months to three years:

Psychosocial stage - Early childhoodPsychosocial conflict - Autonomy vs. shame, doubtFavorable outcome - Will, self-control, self-esteemUnfavorable outcome - Compulsion, impulsiveness

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Three to six years:Three to six years:

Psychosocial stage - Play agePsychosocial conflict - Initiative vs. guilt

Favorable outcome - Purpose, enjoys accomplishments

Unfavorable outcome - Inhibition

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Six to 11 years:Six to 11 years:

Psychosocial stage - Middle childhood

Psychosocial conflict - Industry vs. inferiority Favorable outcome - Competence

Unfavorable outcome - Inadequacy, inferiority

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Puberty to early 20’s:Puberty to early 20’s:

Psychosocial stage - Adolescence

Psychosocial conflict - Identity vs. role confusion Favorable outcome - FidelityUnfavorable outcome - Diffidence, defiance,

socially unacceptable identity

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Early 20’s to 40:Early 20’s to 40:

Psychosocial stage - Young adulthood

Psychosocial conflict - Intimacy vs. isolation Favorable outcome - Love

Unfavorable outcome - Exclusivity, avoidance of commitment

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40 to 60 years:40 to 60 years:

Psychosocial stage - Middle adulthood

Psychosocial conflict - Generativity vs. stagnation Favorable outcome - Care, concern for future

generations of society

Unfavorable outcome - Rejection of others, self-indulgence

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From 60 years:From 60 years:

Psychosocial stage - Old age

Psychosocial conflict - Integrity vs. despair Favorable outcome - Wisdom

Unfavorable outcome - Disdain, disgust

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• Born August 9, 1896, in Neuchâtel, Switzerland

• Wrote and published first scientific paper on the albino sparrow at age 11

• Received his doctorate in Biology at age 22

• Married Valentine Châtenay in 1923

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• Three children: Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent

• Piaget studied his children’s intellectual development

• Through his research, Piaget identified four stages of children’s mental growth

• His research in developmental psychology and genetic epistemology led to one unique goal: How does knowledge grow?

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Sensorimotor stage

Birth to

age 2

Concerned with gaining motor control and learning about physical objects

Preoperational stage

Ages

2 to 7

Preoccupied with verbal skills

At this point, child can name objects and reason intuitively

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Concrete operational stage

Ages

7 to 12

Deals with abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships

Formal operational stage

Ages 12 to 15

Begins to reason logically and systematically

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• Born in Depere, Wisconsin, in 1900 and German in origin

• Between 1924–1927, worked on atom structure and published numerous papers on physics and chemistry

• In 1928, shifted careers by deciding to work with experimental education

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Task One………

Task Two………

Task Three…….

Task Four……...

To achieve new and more mature relations with peers of both sexes

To adopt socially approved masculine or feminine adult roles

To accept physique and use body effectively

To achieve emotional independence

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Task Five……..

Task Six ………

Task Seven……

Task Eight…….

To develop a personal attitude toward marriage and family living

To select and prepare for an occupation

To acquire a set of standards as a guide to behavior

To accept and adopt socially responsible behavior

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• While other psychologists studied people with psychological problems, Maslow studied successful people

• Assumed human nature was good, not bad, and we continually need to fulfill needs

• Believed people with balanced needs live healthy lives, but if needs are denied people become ill

• Developed a hierarchy of needs

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Biological necessities such as food, water and oxygen; these needs must be met for survival

The need to feel safe and

secure

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Maslow thought few people reached this level, where all needs are met; described as “finding your calling”

The need to feel valuable, to have self-respect and respect for

othersThe need to give and receive love, to escape loneliness and alienation; having a sense of belonging

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• Austrian physician, specialized in nervous and mental diseases

• Developed the Psychoanalytical Theory – early childhood experiences influence lifelong behavior

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Anecdotal Records

Brief account of an event that is the outcome of a certain behavior – how, where, when and what

Specimen Sample

Collection of work done over a time period; each sample is dated and comments included for future references

Rating ScalesDegree to which a person has a trait or behavior; each behavior is rated on a scale

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Checklists

Lists of specific behaviors arranged in certain order; mark presence or absence of observed behavior

Media Techniques

Captures moment (event) and records notes at later date – examples: cameras, camcorders, audio-cassette recorders

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1.Abraham Maslow has _____ levels in his Hierarchy of Needs. What are they?

2. At the _____ stage, 7 to 12-year-olds begin to deal with abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships.

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3. Task four of Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks of Adolescence is to achieve emotional independence.A. trueB. false

4. Erikson believed that at birth, newborns feel conflict between:

A. identity vs. inferiorityB. trust vs. mistrustC. initiative vs. guiltD. identity vs. role confusion

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6. Sigmund Freud developed the _____.

5. Jean Piaget’s research goal was to understand human behavior patterns.A. trueB. false

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The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences

Texas Tech University

http://www.hs.ttu.edu/ccfcs

Child Development Institute. 2002.

http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/erickson.shtml

The Jean Piaget Society. 2002

http://www.piaget.org/biography/biog.html

Dowling, Mike., "The Electronic Passport Homework to Abraham Maslow.” 2002. http://www.mrdowling.com/602-maslow.html

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