1

2

Glen W-DNA song

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdhL-T6tQco

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meselson.html

Meselson experiment

10

11

12

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxIuIxqo2So

13

14

15

16

17

Antiparallel

18

HELICASE

• ENZYME THAT BREAKS THE BONDS APART FOR DNA REPLICATION-

• CHROMOSOME REPLICATION

DAWLAVLTWLOHFK19

20

DNA REPLICATION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnuspQG0Jd0

21

Functions of proteins

• Enzyme catalysis• Transport• Defense• Support• Motion• Regulation• Storage

22

http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&source=hp&q=transcription&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#hl=en&source=hp&q=transcription&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv&qvid=transcription&vid=-4858075134819524907

23

24

Essential Nonessential

Histidine Alanine

Isoleucine Arginine*

Leucine Asparagine

Lysine Aspartic acid

Methionine Cysteine*

Phenylalanine Glutamic acid

Threonine Glutamine*

Tryptophan Glycine

Valine Ornithine*

Proline*

Selenocysteine*

Serine*

Taurine*

Tyrosine*

25

26

27

28

RNA compared to DNA

• Single stranded DNA is doubled stranded• Contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)• Ribose instead of deoxyribose

29

RNA-RIBONUCLEIC ACID

• 1.rRNA=ribosomal RNA• 2.tRNA=transfer RNA• 3.mRNA=messenger RNA

30

mRNA

• Make codons• transcription

31

32

33

34

35

Glen W-translation

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTc18Yh7bSU

36

UUU

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SGLzMnkbe4

37

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38

Translation video

38

transcription

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7wc3yU

39

TRANSLATION

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ikq9AcBcohA

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPlnDzkBrpc

40

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLEDd-PSTQ

TRANSLATION

41

Translation

• http://vimeo.com/6812276

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38

42

43

44

45

46

47

Monkey genome sequence

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AC138438

48

49

mutation

• A change in the genes

50

MUTAGENS

• UV LIGHT• Sun light• Radiation• Chemicals• Radon gas• Gamma rays• X-rays• viruses

51

MUTATION

52

53

54

Synergism 1+1=3

55

aspartame

56

virus

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM624083

• Virus genome

57

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter15/animations.html#

Protein synthesis animations

58

uuu

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SGLzMnkbe4

59

In biology, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations cause cancer, mutagens are typically also carcinogens. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: So-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination of DNA sequences.

60

61