1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Introduction to the Renaissance.
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Transcript of 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Introduction to the Renaissance.
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Introduction to the Renaissa
nce
RenaissanceA cultural awakening, or rebirth, that signaled the beginning of the modern
era.Rebirth of classical ideas:
art, architecture, philosophy, literature, finance, views of the
world, etc.
Inspired by . . .
Renaissance Years: 1400-1600 (approximately) Began in Italy
Florence Spread to Northern Europe Never hit certain countries like
Holy Roman Empire Baltics Poland Russia.
Setting the Stage
Went through war and plague
Want to celebrate life
More about the individual
Start to question previous institutions
Church
Why Italy?
One of the first effected by the plague = first country to return to health and city life Less work force, Increase wages Low business, pursue other interests
Church weakened by plague and closest to Italy (Vatican) = more secular approach, more concern for the arts
Why Italy
Warm more foodmore specialization
\Loose confederation of states
much easier to change one or two parts, like Venice or Florence than a whole country, like England
Breeding ground for intellectual revolution
The City States of
Italy
Merchants
Rich merchants or traders emerged in city-states dominate politics
They didn't inherit positions like nobles, so to be successful, they used their brains felt they deserved riches because of
their individual merit Individual achievement becomes
a cornerstone of Renaissance
Medici
Florence falls under control of a rich banking familythe Medici’s
Cosimo de Medici rules Florence by using his wealth to loan money and create debt
Dictator of Florence for 30 years
Philosophy: Humanism
Intellectual movement focused on secular, or worldly, themes. God-centric people-centric
Strong belief in the individual Enjoy life, not to worry about
offending God Wanted to use classical beliefs to
renew society Focus of Humanities
The Renaissance Man
A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man”
The ideal individual tried to master almost every area of study—WELL EDUCATED
Young men should be charming, witty and well educated
Dance, sing, write poetry, also a skilled athlete
The Renaissance Woman
Upper class should know the classics as well as be charming
However, not to seek fame
Should inspire art, but not create it
Art
Art becomes everything
Wealthy people become patrons of art Financially supporting artists Would have their own portraits painted and
displayed in public – huge ego boost
Change in style Medieval: religion to show spiritual idea Renaissance: religion to show realistic style
copied from Greeks and Romans Perspective: three dimensions on a flat surface
Human Measurements Activity
Duccio-November 1308
Danse Macabre
School of Athens by Raphael, fresco, St. Peter’s Basilica, 1510
Art
Leonardo Da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist
The ultimate renaissance man
Had a large number of notebooks filled with his creations
Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Raphael Sanzio
Studied from the best
Famous for use of perspective
Renaissance Writing
Works often reflected the time
The use of vernacular
Self-expression or individuality
New trends begin – still used today
Petrach and Boccaccio
Wrote sonnets – 14 line poems
Decameron
Realistic and off color stories
Tragic and comic views of life
Machiavelli
Imperfect human conduct
The Prince
Political guidebook
People are selfish and corrupt
The Northern Renaissance
After war and plague the cities grew rapidly and the new culture idea begin to spread
Artistic ideas spread
People visited Italy and brought the ideas back home
Focus on realism
Albrecht Durer
Hans Holbein
Jan Van Eyck
Oil paintings
Peter Bruegel
Writers spread reform
Critical about the failure of the Church
Christian Humanism movement
Education became the most important
Desiderius Erasmus & Thomas More
The Praise of Folly
Utopia
Writings become translated into multiple languages
William Shakespeare
Inspired by the classics
Dramatic conflict
Human flaws
Known as one of the greatest playwright
The Printing Press
Chinese invented block printing
Brought to England, but process was too slow
Johann Gutenberg created the printing press
Books could be produced quick and cheap
The Gutenberg Bible was the first book
Everyone could now afford books
A copyist would take up to five months
Press could make 500 books in the same time
Renaissance Legacy
Artistic and social change
Gradual rise in democratic ideas – individual
Secular ideas rather than religious
Vernacular even more popular
Increased desire for learning
All these idea will lead to the Reformation