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Lecture 2Terminology and Body Plan for Terminology and Body Plan for

the Human Bodythe Human Body

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• Anatomical Position– Body erect, face forward,

feet together, palms face forward

• Other Body Positions– Supine: lying face upward

– Prone: lying face downward

Anatomical Position:Anatomical Position:The Standard for ReferenceThe Standard for Reference

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Body Planes

• Sagittal / Midsagittal (Median)/ Parasagittal

• Frontal (Coronal)

• Transverse (Horizontal) / Cross

• Oblique: Other than at a right angle

Fig. 1.5

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Terminology and Body Plan

• Directional Terms– Superior versus

Inferior– Anterior/Ventral

versus Posterior/Dorsal

– Medial versus Lateral

– Proximal versus Distal

– Superficial versus Deep

Fig. 1.7

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Body Parts and Regions

Modified from Fig. 1.8Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

(a) Anterior view

Nasal (nose)Oral (mouth)

Axillary (armpit)

Brachial (arm)

Antebrachial (forearm)Coxal (hip)

Carpal (wrist)

Digital (finger)

Femoral (thigh)

Patellar (knee)

Crural (leg)

Pes (foot)

Orbital (eye)Buccal (cheek)

Thoracic (thorax)

Abdominal (abdomen)

Pelvic

Tarsal (ankle)

Manus (hand)

Cephalic (head)

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Body Parts and Regions

Modified from Fig. 1.8Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for

reproduction or display.(b) Posterior view

Otic (ear)

Thoracic (thorax)

Vertebral (spinal column)

Gluteal (buttock)

Crural (leg)

Calcaneal (heel)

Popliteal (back of knee)

Femoral (thigh)

Antebrachial (forearm)

Abdominal (abdomen)

Brachial (arm)

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Review QuestionWhich of the following pairs of body parts and

directional terms is mismatched?

(a) Popliteal/femoral; distal(b)Patellar/crural; proximal(c) Antebrachial/abdomen; lateral(d)Brachial/carpal; superior(e) Abdominal/vertebral; anterior

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Body Cavities

Fig. 1.9

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Serous Membranes• Cover the organs of trunk cavities & line them

– Parietal lines cavity walls

– Visceral covers organs

– Serous fluid secreted for lubrication by membranes

Fig. 1.10

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Serous Membranes

Fig. 1.10

• Named for their specific cavity & organs

–Pericardium refers to heart–Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity–Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity

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Serous Membranes

Fig. 1.10

retroperitoneal

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Points to RememberPoints to Remember

• Anatomical terms are very precise in anatomy so that one can accurately describe the body and its many parts.

• The anatomical position is our universal reference for directional terms and body planes.

• Body cavities contain and often separate organs.• Serous membranes cover the surfaces of organs

and the wall of the trunk cavity.

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Questions?