1 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 6 sample - Lingualism.com - Arabic...

sound geminate assimilated hollow defective

1_1 1s1 1s1(a) 1s1(b)

1g1

1a1 1a1(a)

1h1 1h1(a)

1d1 1d1(a) 1d1(b)

1_2 1s2 1s2(a)

1g2 1g2(a)

1a2

1h2 1h2(a)

1d2 1d2(a) 1d2(b)

1_3 1s3 1s3(a)

1g3 1g3(a)

1a3 1a3(a)

1h3 1h3(a) 1h3(b)

1d3

1_4 1s4 1s4(a)

1s4(b) 1s4(c)

1a4 1d4 1d4(a)

1d4(b)

1_5 1s5 1d5

1_6 1s6 1s6(a)

1s6(b) 1s6(c)

2 2s 2s(a)

2s(b) 2s(c)

2d 2d(a)

3 3s 3s(a)

3s(b) 3s(c)

3g

3d 3d(a)

4

4s 4s(a)

4s(b) 4s(c)

4g

4a1 4a1(a) 4a2

4h 4h(a)

4d 4d(a)

4d(b) 4d(c)

5 5s 5s(a)

5s(b) 5s(c)

5d 5d(a)

6 6s 6s(a) 6s(b)

6g

6d 6d(a)

7 7s 7s(a)

7g

7h

7d

8

8s 8s(a) 8s(b) 8s(c)

8g1 8g2

8a1 8a1(a) 8a2 8a3

8a4 8a5 8a6

8h1 8h1(a) 8h2 8h3

8d1 8d2 8d3 8d4

9 9s

10 10s 10s(a)

10s(b) 10s(c)

10g

10h 10h(a)

10d

11 11s 11s(a) 11s(b)

12 12s 12s(a)

13 13s 13s(a)

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Modern Standard

Arabic Verbs Conjugation Tables

(by Sample Verb)

Matthew Aldrich

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© 2013 by Matthew Aldrich

The author’s moral rights have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or

by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior

written permission of the publisher.

Cover art: © Engin Korkmaz/123rf.com

paperback: ISBN-10: 0985816031

website: www.lingualism.com

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https://d.docs.live.net/a3c92b24c0e6c008/Lingualism/Word%20PC/MSA%20Verbs/old/www.lingualism.com

i | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Contents

Preface ........................................................................................................................................... ii

Using the Book .............................................................................................................................. iii

Pronunciation ................................................................................................................................ vi

Consonants ................................................................................................................................ vi

Vowels ......................................................................................................................................viii

Measure I ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Sound Measure I ........................................................................................................................ 2

Geminate Measure I................................................................................................................. 18

Assimilated Measure I.............................................................................................................. 23

Hollow Measure I ..................................................................................................................... 29

Defective Measure I ................................................................................................................. 36

Measure II-X ................................................................................................................................. 47

Measure II ................................................................................................................................. 48

Measure III ................................................................................................................................ 54

Measure IV ............................................................................................................................... 61

Measure V ................................................................................................................................ 75

Measure VI ............................................................................................................................... 81

Measure VII .............................................................................................................................. 87

Measure VIII ............................................................................................................................. 92

Measure IX ............................................................................................................................. 113

Measure X ............................................................................................................................... 114

Quadriliteral Verbs ..................................................................................................................... 122

Quadriliteral Measure I .......................................................................................................... 123

Quadriliteral Measure II ......................................................................................................... 126

Quadriliteral Measure III ........................................................................................................ 128

Index ........................................................................................................................................... 130

Blank Conjugation Table ............................................................................................................ 168

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ii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Preface Modern Standard Arabic Verbs: Conjugation Tables of Sample Verbs aims to present Arabic verb

morphology through easy to read tables, organized in a user-friendly manner. The model

conjugations in the tables are meant to help learners see patterns, recognize similarities and

differences between conjugations, and ultimately to enable learners to conjugate any verb with

confidence.

This book is the companion to the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary (ISBN 0985816023),

which contains references to the conjugation tables. Every verb appearing in the dictionary falls

into one of the conjugation patterns presented in this book. The following pages show how to

use the book in conjunction with the dictionary.

Users of this book are expected to have a working background of Arabic verbs from their studies.

Although some information is presented in regards to the differences in form and meaning

between the measures, a full grammatical explanation of the tenses, moods, methods of

negation, etc., is currently beyond the scope of the book.

There are two versions of this book available. The version you are now reading contains sample

verbs. That is, each conjugation table uses a common verb that belongs to the table’s conjugation

pattern. The other version of this book (ISBN 0985816031) uses hypothetical verbs with the root

.in all tables ف ع ل

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iii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Using the Book Although there are only 120 conjugation tables presented in this book, the patterns found in

these tables can be applied to all Arabic verbs. If you give the index at the back of the book a

quick look, you will see that thousands of verbs each fit into a certain conjugation table. Very

common verbs were chosen to exemplify each pattern. Table 1s3, for example, uses the verb

to model the conjugation of all sound measure I verbs which have fatha (a) in the (to study) درس

perfect tense and Damma (u) in the imperfect tense.

Each conjugated verb appears above a transcription of the word’s pronunciation. The radicals

appear gray.

All occurences of the consonants which make up the radical of the model verb in the tables

should be swapped out for the radicals in the verb you wish to conjugate. Let’s take the verb كتب

(kataba – ‘write’) as an example. This verb belongs to table 1s3. If you want to conjugate the verb

in the first-person singular indicative (translating ‘I write’), first locate this form in the table.

درس

first radical second radical third radical

darasa sample


iv | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Next, swap out the model radicals for the actual radicals in our verb.

1st radical د ك (d k)

2nd radical ر ت (r t)

3rd radical س ب (s b)

We now have ب كت أ (ʔaktubu).

In the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary, every verb entry contains a reference to its

corresponding table in this book.

The table name is followed by the third-person singular indicative form and the masdar (gerund).

The index in the back of this book lists all verbs from the dictionary, grouped according to table.

Measure I verbs have unpredictable, unique masdars. Verbs which otherwise follow identical

patterns and belong to the same table will have different masdar patterns. However, non-

measure I verbs have regular masdars, the patterns for which are found in the header for each

table.

A unique feature of this book is the consolidation of tables into the minimal number required to

model all Arabic verbs. Traditionally, all verbs which contain a weak radical (و or ي) are classified

as weak, even when these radicals are treated as regular (sound) consonants. They are then

assigned their own conjugation table. This is misleading to the learner, however, and tends to

overcomplicate the rules of conjugation. For instance, if the first radical of a measure II verb, is

never assimilated. It is treated as a regular consonants, and is thus grouped in table 2s (as a sound

measure II verb); likewise, measure II verbs are never hollow, and so there is no separate table

for those verbs which have a weak second radical. A quick look at the ‘check box’ in the header

of the table 2s on p. 48 confirms that this table is valid for verbs which contain ي ,و, as well as

‘other’ consonants.

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v | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Hamzated verbs (those containing ء as a radical) are also treated separately in traditional

grammars. In reality, there is no need for this. Hamzated verbs only differ from sound verbs in

that the spelling of the hamza is complicated.1 (Otherwise, the only difference is that the first-

person singular of the imperfect tense often takes a long vowel when the first radical is hamza.)

Tables for hamzated verbs follow tables for their sound counterparts, taking a variation of the

same table name.

Table names consist of two to four parts.

1) Measure number

2) s (sound), g (geminate), a (assimilated), h (hollow), d (defective)

3) Number showing variation. For example, there are six variations of sound measure I

verbs, each with different voweling. These are tables 1s1, 1s2, 1s3, 1s4, 1s5, and 1s6.

4) A letter in parantheses shows a hamzated version of the previous table. Table 1s1(a)

has the same voweling as table 1s1 but has a hamza as the second radical.

1 A table on p. 1 of the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary aids in determining the spelling of hamza.

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vi | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Pronunciation Consonants

The following sounds are also found in English and should pose no difficulties for the learner: examples

b ب [b] as in bed بنت bint girl

d د [d] as in dog, but with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth

dars lesson درس

đ ذ [ð] as in that ذرة đurat corn

f ف [f] as in four فم fam mouth

g ج/غ [g] as in gas (used for some foreign words; alternatively spelled ك or گ in some regions)

golf golf جولف grām gram غرام

h ه [h] as in house هو huwa he

j ج [ʤ] as in jam (commonly [ʒ] as in beige in the Levent and [g] as in gas in Egypt)

jadd grandfather جد

k ك [k] as in kid كل kull every

l ل [l] as in love (that is, a light l, and not a dark l as in yell)

laban milk لبن

L ل [ɫ] as the dark l in yell, found only in the word aLLāh هللا

aLLāh God هللا

m م [m] as in moon مات māta die

n ن [n] as in nice ينس nasiya forget

p ب [p] as in pan (used for some foreign words and sometimes written as پ; pronounced [b]

by some speakers)

pikīn Beijing بكين

s س [s] as in sun سنة sanat year

š ش [ʃ] as in show شك šakk doubt

t ت [t] as in tie, but with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth

tall hill تل

ŧ ث [θ] as in think ثلث ŧulŧ third

v ف [v] as in valley (used for some foreign words and sometimes written as ڤ; pronounced [f]

by some speakers)

vayrūs virus فيروس

w و [w] as in word ود wadd wish

y ي [j] as in yes (when final, usually written without dots (ـى) in Egypt)

yad hand يد

z ز [z] as in zoo زار zāra visit

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vii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

The following sounds have no equivalent in English and require special attention. However, some exist in other languages you may be familiar with.

r ر [ɾ] tapped (flapped) as in the Spanish cara or the Scottish pronunciation of tree

rajul man رجل

ɣ غ [ɣ] very similar to a guttural R as in the French Paris, or the German rot

ɣarb west غرب

x خ [x] as in the German doch, Spanish rojo, or Scottish loch

xabar news خبر

q ق [q] like K but further back, almost in the throat, with the tongue touching the uvula

qadam foot قدم

ɧ ح [ħ] like a strong, breathy H, as if you were trying to fog up a window

ɧubb love حب

a voiced glottal stop, as if you had opened [ʕ] ع 3your mouth under water and constricted your throat to prevent choking and then released the constriction with a sigh

3arafa know عرف

ʔ ء [ʔ] an unvoiced glottal stop, as [ʕ] above, but with a wispy, unvoiced sigh; or more simply put, like the constriction separating the vowels in uh-oh

ʔab father أب

The following sounds also have no equivalent in English but are emphatic versions of otherwise familiar sounds. An emphatic consonant is produced by pulling the tongue back toward the pharynx (throat), spreading the sides of the tongue wide, as if you wanted to bite down on both sides of your tongue, and producing a good puff of air from the lungs.

ɖ ض [dˁ] emphatic version of [d] ضرب ɖaraba hit

ʂ ص [sˁ] emphatic version of [s] صدر ʂadr chest

ʈ ط [tˁ] emphatic version of [t] طبيب ʈabīb doctor

ʐ ظ [ðˤ] or [zˁ] emphatic version of [ð] or [z] ظن ʐann thought

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viii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

Vowels

examples

a ـ [æ] normally as in cat (but with the jaw not quite as lowered as in English); [a] as in hot when in the same syllable with ɧ or 3 (with the tongue lower than [æ]); usually [ɑ] as in father (but shorter) when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, ʐ, or, in most cases, r

kataba write كتب ɧammām bath حمام ɖaraba hit ضرب

ā ـ ى/ـ ا [æ:] / [a:] / [ɑ:] as with a above but longer نام nāma sleep jū3 hunger جوع qāda lead قاد

i ـ [ɪ] as in kid; when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, or ʐ, [ɨ] with the tongue pulled back a bit

bint girl بنت 3ilm knowledge علم qiʂʂat story قصة

ī ـ ي [i:] as in ski; when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, or ʐ, [ɨ:] as with i above (but longer)

jazīrat island جزيرة aʂʂīn China الصين

u ـ [ʊ] as in book بد budd option

ū ـ و [u:] as in moon تونة tūnat tuna

e [ɛ] as in bed (used for some foreign words) إسبرسو ʔespresō espresso

o/ō [o]/[o:] as is boat, but without the glide to [w] (used for some foreign words)

vodka vodka فودكا

brōtīn protein بروتين-at ـة [a] or [ah] in pausal form; when

pronounced in full form with i3rāb, the t is pronounced.

đurat corn ذرة

-u/-a/-i

-un/-an/-in

Transcription written in superscript (small and raised) represents vowels and nunation which belong to i3rāb (grammatical declension). These vowels are often omitted from relaxed speech or before a pause (end of a sentence, etc.).

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1 | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs © Lingualism.com

Measure I Name(s)

non-augmented verb, non-derived verb, basic verb

mujarrad ŧulāŧīy مجرد ثالثي

Characteristics triliteral

the most basic forms of verbs, having no prefixes or doubled consonants

sub-categorized depending on the vowels present in the stem

Meaning(s) Measure I verbs are not limited to any particular usage or meaning

Some are transitive, while others are intransitive

Sound Measure I مجرد ثالثي سالم mujarrad ŧulāŧīy sālim

imperfect The perfect tense stem for sound measure I verbs follows the pattern fa3_l-. The vowel a always follows the first radical, while the second radical is followed by a, i, or u. The imperfect tense stem is -f3_l-, which also has a variable vowel. The table on the left references the conjugation tables which fit these patterns. p

erfe

ct a i u

a 1s1 1s2 1s3

i 1s4 1s5

u 1s6

Geminate Measure I مجرد ثالثي مضاعف mujarrad ŧulāŧīy muɖā3af

imperfect The perfect tense stem for geminate measure I verbs follows the pattern fa33-. The imperfect tense stem is -f_33-, which has a variable vowel.

per

fect

a i u

a 1g1 1g2 1g3

i

u

Assimilated Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل الفاء mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall alfāʔ

imperfect The perfect tense stem for assimilated measure I verbs follows the pattern wa3_l-. The first radical is always w, which is always followed by a. The second radical is followed by either a or i. The imperfect tense stem is -3_l-, and contains either a or i. Notice that the w is assimilated (disappears) in the imperfect tense. p

erfe

ct a i u

a 1a1 1a2

i 1a3

u

Hollow Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل العين mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall al3ayn

imperfect The perfect tense stem for hollow measure I verbs follows the pattern fāl-. However, this long ā shortens to i or u in many forms. In the imperfect tense, the vowel can be a long or short a, i, or u.

per

fect

a i u

a

i 1h1 1h2

u 1h3

Defective Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل الالم mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall allām

imperfect The perfect tense stem for defective measure I verbs follows the pattern fa3-. The vowel a always follows the first radical, both in the perfect and imperfect tenses. The vowel following the final radical varies by tense and form.

per

fect

a i u

a 1d1 1d2 1d3

i 1d4 1d5

u

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2 | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs (www.lingualism.com)

sound measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other 1s1 ء ي و

to go R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative

singular dual plural singular dual plural

ت به ذ 1 đahabtu

ن ابه ذ đahabnā

ب ه ذأ ʔađhabu

ب ه ذن nađhabu

2m ت به ذ đahabta ت م ابه ذ

đahabtumā

ت مبه ذ đahabtum

ب ه ذت tađhabu ان ب ه ذت

tađhabāni

ون ب ه ذت tađhabūna

2f ت به ذ đahabti

ت ن به ذ đahabtunna

ين ب ه ذت tađhabīna

ن به ذت tađhabna

3m ب ه ذ đahaba

اب ه ذ đahabā

واب ه ذ đahabū

ب ه ذي yađhabu

ان ب ه ذي yađhabāni

ون ب ه ذي yađhabūna

3f تب ه ذ đahabat

ت اب ه ذ đahabatā

ن به ذ đahabna

ب ه ذت tađhabu

ان ب ه ذت tađhabāni

ن به ذي yađhabna

subjunctive jussive


ب ه ذأ 1 ʔađhaba

ب ه ذن nađhaba

به ذأ ʔađhab

به ذن nađhab

2m ب ه ذت tađhaba اب ه ذت

tađhabā

واب ه ذت tađhabū

به ذت tađhab اب ه ذت

tađhabā

واب ه ذت tađhabū

2f يب ه ذت tađhabī


يب ه ذت tađhabī


3m ب ه ذي yađhaba

اب ه ذي yađhabā

واب ه ذي yađhabū

به ذي yađhab

اب ه ذي yađhabā

واب ه ذي yađhabū

3f ب ه ذت tađhaba

اب ه ذت tađhabā


به ذت tađhab

اب ه ذت tađhabā


imperative participles passive

singular dual plural active passive perfect imperfect

2m به ذا

iđhab اب ه ذا iđhabā

واب ه ذا iđhabū

به اذ đāhib

بوه ذم mađhūb

ب ه ذ

đuhiba ب ه ذي

yuđhabu 2f

يب ه ذا iđhabī

ن به ذا iđhabna

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hamzated measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other ء ي و

1s1(a) to ask

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


أ لت س 1 saʔaltu

أ لن اس saʔalnā

أ ل سأ ʔasʔalu

أ ل سن nasʔalu

2m أ لت س saʔalta أ لت م اس

saʔaltumā

أ لت مس saʔaltum

أ ل ست tasʔalu ن ست أ ل

tasʔalāni

أ ل ون ست tasʔalūna

2f أ لت س saʔalti

أ لت ن س saʔaltunna

أ ل ين ست tasʔalīna

أ لن ست tasʔalna

3m أ ل س saʔala

أ ل س saʔalā

أ ل واس saʔalū

أ ل سي yasʔalu

ن سي أ ل yasʔalāni

أ ل ون سي yasʔalūna

3f أ ل تس saʔalat

أ ل ت اس saʔalatā

أ لن س saʔalna

أ ل ست tasʔalu

ن ست أ ل tasʔalāni

أ لن سي yasʔalna

subjunctive jussive


أ ل سأ 1 ʔasʔala

أ ل سن nasʔala

أ لسأ ʔasʔal

أ لسن nasʔal

2m أ ل ست tasʔala أ ل ست

tasʔalā

أ ل واست tasʔalū

أ لست tasʔal أ ل ست

tasʔalā

أ ل واست tasʔalū

2f أ ل يست tasʔalī


أ ل يست tasʔalī


3m أ ل سي yasʔala

أ ل سي yasʔalā

أ ل واسي yasʔalū

أ لسي yasʔal

أ ل سي yasʔalā

أ ل واسي yasʔalū

3f أ ل ست tasʔala

أ ل ست tasʔalā


أ لست tasʔal

أ ل ست tasʔalā




2m أ لسا

isʔal أ ل سا isʔalā

أ ل واسا isʔalū

ائ لس sāʔil

ولسم ؤ masʔūl

ل ئ س suʔila

ل أ سي yusʔalu

2f أ ل يسا

isʔalī أ لن سا

isʔalna

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hamzated measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other ء ي و

1s1(b)

to begin R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


أت د ب 1 badaʔtu

أن اد ب badaʔnā

أ د بأ ʔabdaʔu

أ د بن nabdaʔu

2m أت د ب badaʔta أت م اد ب

badaʔtumā

أت مد ب badaʔtum

أ د بت tabdaʔu آن د بت

tabdaʔāni

ون د بت ؤ tabdaʔūna

2f أت د ب badaʔti

أت ن د ب badaʔtunna

ئ ين د بت tabdaʔīna

أن د بت tabdaʔna

3m أ د ب badaʔa

آد ب badaʔā

واد ب ؤ badaʔū

أ د بي yabdaʔu

آن د بي yabdaʔāni

ون د بي ؤ yabdaʔūna

3f أ تد ب badaʔat

أ ت اد ب badaʔatā

أن د ب badaʔna

أ د بت tabdaʔu

آن د بت tabdaʔāni

أن د بي yabdaʔna

subjunctive jussive


أ د بأ 1 ʔabdaʔa

أ د بن nabdaʔa

أد بأ ʔabdaʔ

أد بن nabdaʔ

2m أ د بت tabdaʔa آد بت

tabdaʔā

واد بت ؤ tabdaʔū

أد بت tabdaʔ آد بت

tabdaʔā

واد بت ؤ tabdaʔū

2f ئ يد بت tabdaʔī


ئ يد بت tabdaʔī


3m أ د بي yabdaʔa

آد بي yabdaʔā

واد بي ؤ yabdaʔū

أد بي yabdaʔ

آد بي yabdaʔā

واد بي ؤ yabdaʔū

3f أ د بت tabdaʔa

آد بت tabdaʔā


أد بت tabdaʔ

آد بت tabdaʔā




2m أد با

ibdaʔ آد با ibdaʔā

واد با ؤ ibdaʔū

ئد اب bādiʔ

وءد بم mabdūʔ

ئ د ب budiʔa

أ د بي yubdaʔu

2f ئ يد با

ibdaʔī أن د با

ibdaʔna

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sound measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: i

other ء ي و

1s2 to sit

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ت سل ج 1 jalastu

ن اسل ج jalasnā

س ل جأ ʔajlisu

س ل جن najlisu

2m ت سل ج jalasta ت م اسل ج

jalastumā

ت مسل ج jalastum

س ل جت tajlisu ان س ل جت

tajlisāni

ون س ل جت tajlisūna

2f ت سل ج jalasti

ت ن سل ج jalastunna

ين س ل جت tajlisīna

ن سل جت tajlisna

3m س ل ج jalasa

اس ل ج jalasā

واس ل ج jalasū

س ل جي yajlisu

ان س ل جي yajlisāni

ون س ل جي yajlisūna

3f تس ل ج jalasat

ت اس ل ج jalasatā

ن سل ج jalasna

س ل جت tajlisu

ان س ل جت tajlisāni

ن سل جي yajlisna

subjunctive jussive


ل جأ 1 س ʔajlisa

س ل جن najlisa

سل جأ ʔajlis

سل جن najlis

2m س ل جت tajlisa اس ل جت

tajlisā

واس ل جت tajlisū

سل جت tajlis اس ل جت

tajlisā

واس ل جت tajlisū

2f يس ل جت tajlisī


يس ل جت tajlisī


3m س ل جي yajlisa

اس ل جي yajlisā

واس ل جي yajlisū

سل جي yajlis

اس ل جي yajlisā

واس ل جي yajlisū

3f س ل جت tajlisa

اس ل جت tajlisā


سل جت tajlis

اس ل جت tajlisā




2m سل جا

ijlis اس ل جا ijlisā

واس ل جا ijlisū

سل اج jālis

سول جم majlūs

س ل ج julisa

س ل جي yujlasu

2f يس ل جا

ijlisī ن سل جا

ijlisna

sample



Measures II-X Names

augmented verb, derived verb

mazīd ŧulāŧīy مزيد ثالثي

Characteristics triliteral

Names

measure II

مزيد ثالثي وزن فعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fa33ala

Characteristics second radical doubled

Meanings transitive of intransitive measure I verbs

causative of transitive measure I verbs

do intensively and/or repeatedly (‘__ to pieces’)

Names

measure III

مزيد ثالثي وزن فاعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fā3ala

Characteristics first radical followed by ā

Meanings attempt to do

do with someone else

Names

measure IV

مزيد ثالثي وزن أفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fa33ala

Characteristics first radical of the perfect verb is prefixed by ʔa-, which is omitted in the imperfect tense

Meanings transitive of intransitive measure I verbs

causative of transitive measure I verbs

often synonymous with measure II verbs

Names

measure V

مزيد ثالثي وزن تفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn tafa33ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ta-

second radical is doubled

Meaning reflexive or passive of measure II verbs

Names

measure VI

مزيد ثالثي وزن تفاعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn tafā3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ta-

first radical followed by ā

Meaning reciprocal of measure III verbs (‘__ each other’)

Names

measure VII

مزيد ثالثي وزن انفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn infa3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by in-

Meaning reflexive or passive of measure I verbs

Names

measure VIII

مزيد ثالثي وزن افتعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn ifta3ala

Characteristics first radical sandwiched by i_t-

Meanings reflexive or passive of measure I verbs

various other meanings

Names

measure IX

مزيد ثالثي وزن افعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn if3alla

Characteristics first radical prefixed by i-

third radical doubled

Meaning intransitive verbs referring to color or physical deficiencies

Names

measure X

مزيد ثالثي وزن استفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn istaf3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ista-

Meanings ask for __

find, regard as __

various other meanings

sample



sound measure II

masdar: يم taqdīm ت قد

other ء ي و

2s to introduce

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ت مد ق 1 qaddamtu

ن امد ق qaddamnā

م د ق أ ʔuqaddimu

م د ق ن nuqaddimu

2m ت مد ق qaddamta ت م امد ق

qaddamtumā

ت ممد ق qaddamtum

م د ق ت tuqaddimu ان م د ق ت

tuqaddimāni

ون م د ق ت tuqaddimūna

2f ت مد ق qaddamti

ت ن مد ق qaddamtunna

ين م د ق ت tuqaddimīna

ن مد ق ت tuqaddimna

3m م د ق qaddama

ام د ق qaddamā

وام د ق qaddamū

م د ق ي yuqaddimu

ان م د ق ي yuqaddimāni

ون م د ق ي yuqaddimūna

3f تم د ق qaddamat

ت ام د ق qaddamatā

ن مد ق qaddamna

م د ق ت tuqaddimu

ان م د ق ت tuqaddimāni

ن مد ق ي yuqaddimna

subjunctive jussive


م د ق أ 1 ʔuqaddima

م د ق ن nuqaddima

مد ق أ ʔuqaddim

مد ق ن nuqaddim

2m م د ق ت tuqaddima ام د ق ت

tuqaddimā

اوم د ق ت tuqaddimū

مد ق ت tuqaddim ام د ق ت

tuqaddimā

اوم د ق ت tuqaddimū

2f يم د ق ت tuqaddimī


يم د ق ت tuqaddimī


3m م د ق ي yuqaddima

ام د ق ي yuqaddimā

اوم د ق ي yuqaddimū

مد ق ي yuqaddim

ام د ق ي yuqaddimā

اوم د ق ي yuqaddimū

3f م د ق ت tuqaddima

ام د ق ت tuqaddimā


مد ق ت tuqaddim

ام د ق ت tuqaddimā




2m مد ق qaddim ام د ق

qaddimā

اوم د ق qaddimū

مد ق م muqaddim

مد ق م muqaddam

م د ق

quddima م د ق ي

yuqaddamu 2f يم د ق

qaddimī ن مد ق

qaddimna

sample



hamzated measure II

masdar: ديك ت أ taʔkīd

other ء ي و

2s(a) to confirm

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ت دك أ 1 ʔakkadtu

ن ادك أ ʔakkadnā

د ك أ ؤ ʔuʔakkidu

د ك ن ؤ nuʔakkidu

2m ت دك أ ʔakkadta ت م ادك أ

ʔakkadtumā

ت مدك أ ʔakkadtum

د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidu ان د ك ت ؤ

tuʔakkidāni

ون د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidūna

2f ت دك أ ʔakkadti

ت ن دك أ ʔakkadtunna

ين د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidīna

ن دك ت ؤ tuʔakkidna

3m د ك أ ʔakkada

اد ك أ ʔakkadā

واد ك أ ʔakkadū

د ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidu

ان د ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidāni

ون د ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidūna

3f تد ك أ ʔakkadat

ت اد ك أ ʔakkadatā

ن دك أ ʔakkadna

د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidu

ان د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidāni

ن دك ي ؤ yuʔakkidna

subjunctive jussive


د ك أ ؤ 1 ʔuʔakkida

د ك ن ؤ nuʔakkida

دك أ ؤ ʔuʔakkid

دك ن ؤ nuʔakkid

2m د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkida اد ك ت ؤ

tuʔakkidā

اود ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidū

دك ت ؤ tuʔakkid اد ك ت ؤ

tuʔakkidā

اود ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidū

2f يد ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidī


يد ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidī


3m د ك ي ؤ yuʔakkida

اد ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidā

اود ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidū

دك ي ؤ yuʔakkid

اد ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidā

اود ك ي ؤ yuʔakkidū

3f د ك ت ؤ tuʔakkida

اد ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidā


دك ت ؤ tuʔakkid

اد ك ت ؤ tuʔakkidā




2m دك أ ʔakkid اد ك أ

ʔakkidā

اود ك أ ʔakkidū

دك م ؤ muʔakkid

دك م ؤ muʔakkad

د ك أ

ʔukkida د ك ي ؤ

yuʔakkadu 2f يد ك أ

ʔakkidī ن دك أ

ʔakkidna

sample



hamzated measure II

masdar: سئ يرت tarʔīs

other ء ي و

2s(b) to make president

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ت سأ ر 1 raʔʔastu

ن اسأ ر raʔʔasnā

س ئ ر أ ʔuraʔʔisu

س ئ ر ن nuraʔʔisu

2m ت سأ ر raʔʔasta ت م اسأ ر

raʔʔastumā

ت مسأ ر raʔʔastum

س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisu ان س ئ ر ت

turaʔʔisāni

ون س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisūna

2f ت سأ ر raʔʔasti

ت ن سأ ر raʔʔastunna

ين س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisīna

ن سئ ر ت turaʔʔisna

3m س أ ر raʔʔasa

اس أ ر raʔʔasā

واس أ ر raʔʔasū

س ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisu

ان س ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisāni

ون س ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisūna

3f تس أ ر raʔʔasat

ت اس أ ر raʔʔasatā

ن سأ ر raʔʔasna

س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisu

ان س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisāni

ن سئ ر ي yuraʔʔisna

subjunctive jussive


س ئ ر أ 1 ʔuraʔʔisa

س ئ ر ن nuraʔʔisa

سئ ر أ ʔuraʔʔis

سئ ر ن nuraʔʔis

2m س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisa اس ئ ر ت

turaʔʔisā

اوس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisū

سئ ر ت turaʔʔis اس ئ ر ت

turaʔʔisā

اوس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisū

2f يس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisī


يس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisī


3m س ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisa

اس ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisā

اوس ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisū

سئ ر ي yuraʔʔis

اس ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisā

اوس ئ ر ي yuraʔʔisū

3f س ئ ر ت turaʔʔisa

اس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisā


سئ ر ت turaʔʔis

اس ئ ر ت turaʔʔisā




2m سئ ر raʔʔis اس ئ ر

raʔʔisā

اوس ئ ر raʔʔisū

سئ ر م muraʔʔis

سأ ر م muraʔʔas

س ئ ر ruʔʔisa

س أ ر ي yuraʔʔasu

2f يس ئ ر raʔʔisī

ن سئ ر raʔʔisna

sample



sound measure II

masdar: ئ ة tahdiʔat ت هد

other ء ي و

2s(c) to calm

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


أت د ه 1 haddaʔtu

أن اد ه haddaʔnā

ئ د ه أ ʔuhaddiʔu

ئ د ه ن nuhaddiʔu

2m أت د ه haddaʔta أت م اد ه

haddaʔtumā

أت مد ه haddaʔtum

ئ د ه ت tuhaddiʔu ئ ان د ه ت

tuhaddiʔāni

ئ ون د ه ت tuhaddiʔūna

2f أت د ه haddaʔti

أت ن د ه haddaʔtunna

ئ ين د ه ت tuhaddiʔīna

ئن د ه ت tuhaddiʔna

3m أ د ه haddaʔa

آد ه haddaʔā

واد ه ؤ haddaʔū

ئ د ه ي yuhaddiʔu

ئ ان د ه ي yuhaddiʔāni

ئ ون د ه ي yuhaddiʔūna

3f أ تد ه haddaʔat

أ ت اد ه haddaʔatā

أن د ه haddaʔna

ئ د ه ت tuhaddiʔu

ئ ان د ه ت tuhaddiʔāni

ئن د ه ي yuhaddiʔna

subjunctive jussive


ئ د ه أ 1 ʔuhaddiʔa

ئ د ه ن nuhaddiʔa

ئد ه أ ʔuhaddiʔ

ئد ه ن nuhaddiʔ

2m ئ د ه ت tuhaddiʔa ئ اد ه ت

tuhaddiʔā

ائ ود ه ت tuhaddiʔū

ئد ه ت tuhaddiʔ ئ اد ه ت

tuhaddiʔā

ائ ود ه ت tuhaddiʔū

2f ئ يد ه ت tuhaddiʔī


ئ يد ه ت tuhaddiʔī


3m ئ د ه ي yuhaddiʔa

ئ اد ه ي yuhaddiʔā

ائ ود ه ي yuhaddiʔū

ئد ه ي yuhaddiʔ

ئ اد ه ي yuhaddiʔā

ائ ود ه ي yuhaddiʔū

3f ئ د ه ت tuhaddiʔa

ئ اد ه ت tuhaddiʔā


ئد ه ت tuhaddiʔ

ئ اد ه ت tuhaddiʔā




2m ئد ه haddiʔ ئ اد ه

haddiʔā

ائ ود ه haddiʔū

ئد ه م muhaddiʔ

أد ه م muhaddaʔ

ئ د ه

huddiʔa أ د ه ي

yuhaddaʔu 2f ئ يد ه

haddiʔī ئن د ه

haddiʔna

sample



defective measure II

masdar: ي ة taɣniyat ت غن

other ء ي و

2d to sing

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


يت ن غ 1 ɣannaytu

ين ان غ ɣannaynā

ين غ أ ʔuɣannī

ين غ ن nuɣannī

2m يت ن غ ɣannayta يت م ان غ

ɣannaytumā

يت من غ ɣannaytum

ين غ ت tuɣannī ي ان ن غ ت

tuɣanniyāni

ون ن غ ت tuɣannūna

2f يت ن غ ɣannayti

يت ن ن غ ɣannaytunna

ين ن غ ت tuɣannīna


3m ىن غ* ɣannā

ي ان غ ɣannayā

وان غ ɣannaw

ين غ ي yuɣannī

ي ان ن غ ي yuɣanniyāni

ون ن غ ي yuɣannūna

3f تن غ ɣannat

ت ان غ ɣannatā

ين ن غ ɣannayna

ين غ ت tuɣannī

ي ان ن غ ت tuɣanniyāni

ين ن غ ي yuɣannīna

subjunctive jussive


ي ن غ أ 1 ʔuɣanniya

ي ن غ ن nuɣanniya

ن غ أ ʔuɣanni

ن غ ن nuɣanni

2m ي ن غ ت tuɣanniya ي ان غ ت

tuɣanniyā

وان غ ت tuɣannū

ن غ ت tuɣanni ي ان غ ت

tuɣanniyā

وان غ ت tuɣannū

2f ين غ ت tuɣannī


ين غ ت tuɣannī


3m ي ن غ ي yuɣanniya

ي ان غ ي yuɣanniyā

وان غ ي yuɣannū

ن غ ي yuɣanni

ي ان غ ي yuɣanniyā

وان غ ي yuɣannū

3f ي ن غ ت tuɣanniya

ي ان غ ت tuɣanniyā


ن غ ت tuɣanni

ي ان غ ت tuɣanniyā




2m ن غ ɣanni ي ان غ

ɣanniyā

وان غ ɣannū

ن غ م muɣann(in)

ىن غ م muɣann(an)

ي ن غ

ɣunniya ىن غ ي

yuɣannā 2f ين غ

ɣannī ين ن غ

ɣannīna

*The 3rd person masculine singular perfect form of ي ا .ـى not ,ـا is irregular in that it is spelled with ح

sample



hamzated defective meas. II

masdar: ي ة taʔdiyat ت أد

other ء ي و

2d(a) to cause

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


يت د أ 1 ʔaddaytu

ين اد أ ʔaddaynā

يد أ ؤ ʔuʔaddī

يد ن ؤ nuʔaddī

2m يت د أ ʔaddayta يت م اد أ

ʔaddaytumā

يت مد أ ʔaddaytum

يد ت ؤ tuʔaddī ي ان د ت ؤ

tuʔaddiyāni

ون د ت ؤ tuʔaddūna

2f يت د أ ʔaddayti

يت ن د أ ʔaddaytunna

ين د ت ؤ tuʔaddīna


3m ىد أ ʔaddā

ي اد أ ʔaddayā

واد أ ʔaddaw

يد ي ؤ yuʔaddī

ي ان د ي ؤ yuʔaddiyāni

ون د ي ؤ yuʔaddūna

3f تد أ ʔaddat

ت اد أ ʔaddatā

ين د أ ʔaddayna

يد ت ؤ tuʔaddī

ي ان د ت ؤ tuʔaddiyāni

ين د ي ؤ yuʔaddīna

subjunctive jussive


ي د أ ؤ 1 ʔuʔaddiya

ي د ن ؤ nuʔaddiya

د أ ؤ ʔuʔaddi

د ن ؤ nuʔaddi

2m ي د ت ؤ tuʔaddiya ي اد ت ؤ

tuʔaddiyā

واد ت ؤ tuʔaddū

د ت ؤ tuʔaddi ي اد ت ؤ

tuʔaddiyā

واد ت ؤ tuʔaddū

2f يد ت ؤ tuʔaddī


يد ت ؤ tuʔaddī


3m ي د ي ؤ yuʔaddiya

ي اد ي ؤ yuʔaddiyā

واد ي ؤ yuʔaddū

د ي ؤ yuʔaddi

ي اد ي ؤ yuʔaddiyā

واد ي ؤ yuʔaddū

3f ي د ت ؤ tuʔaddiya

ي اد ت ؤ tuʔaddiyā


د ت ؤ tuʔaddi

ي اد ت ؤ tuʔaddiyā




2m د أ ʔaddi ي اد أ

ʔaddiyā

واد أ ʔaddū

د م ؤ muʔadd(in)

ىد م ؤ muʔadd(an)

ي د أ

ʔuddiya ىد ؤ ي

yuʔaddā 2f يد أ

ʔaddī ين د أ

ʔaddīna

sample



sound measure III

masdar: ل ة او muɧāwalat م ح

other ء ي و

3s to try

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


لت و اح 1 ɧāwaltu

لن او اح ɧāwalnā

ل و اح أ ʔuɧāwilu

ل و اح ن nuɧāwilu

2m لت و اح ɧāwalta لت م او اح

ɧāwaltumā

لت مو اح ɧāwaltum

ل و اح ت tuɧāwilu ن و اح ت ل

tuɧāwilāni

ل ون و اح ت tuɧāwilūna

2f لت و اح ɧāwalti

لت ن و اح ɧāwaltunna

ل ين و اح ت tuɧāwilīna

لن و اح ت tuɧāwilna

3m ل و اح ɧāwala

ل و اح ɧāwalā

ل واو اح ɧāwalū

ل و اح ي yuɧāwilu

ن و اح ي ل yuɧāwilāni

ل ون و اح ي yuɧāwilūna

3f ل تو اح ɧāwalat

ل ت او اح ɧāwalatā

لن و اح ɧāwalna

ل و اح ت tuɧāwilu

ن و اح ت ل tuɧāwilāni

لن و اح ي yuɧāwilna

subjunctive jussive


ل و اح أ 1 ʔuɧāwila

ل و اح ن nuɧāwila

لو اح أ ʔuɧāwil

لو اح ن nuɧāwil

2m ل و اح ت tuɧāwila ل و اح ت

tuɧāwilā

ل واو اح ت tuɧāwilū

لو اح ت tuɧāwil ل و اح ت

tuɧāwilā

ل واو اح ت tuɧāwilū

2f ل يو اح ت tuɧāwilī


ل يو اح ت tuɧāwilī


3m ل و اح ي yuɧāwila

ل و اح ي yuɧāwilā

ل واو اح ي yuɧāwilū

لو اح ي yuɧāwil

ل و اح ي yuɧāwilā

ل واو اح ي yuɧāwilū

3f ل و اح ت tuɧāwila

ل و اح ت tuɧāwilā


لو اح ت tuɧāwil

ل و اح ت tuɧāwilā




2m لو اح ɧāwil ل و اح

ɧāwilā

ل واو اح ɧāwilū

لو اح م muɧāwil

لو اح م muɧāwal

ل و وح ɧūwila

ل و اح ي yuɧāwalu

2f ل يو اح ɧāwilī

لن و اح ɧāwilna

sample



hamzated measure III

masdar: ذ ة muʔāxađat م ؤ اخ

other ء ي و

3s(a) to blame

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ت ذخ آ 1 ʔāxađtu

ن اذخ آ ʔāxađnā

ذ خ أ ؤ ا ʔuʔāxiđu

ذ خ ن ؤ ا nuʔāxiđu

2m ت ذخ آ ʔāxađta ت م اذخ آ

ʔāxađtumā

ت مذخ آ ʔāxađtum

ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđu ان ذ خ ت ؤ ا

tuʔāxiđāni

ون ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđūna

2f ت ذخ آ ʔāxađti

ت ن ذخ آ ʔāxađtunna

ين ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđīna

ن ذخ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđna

3m ذ خ آ ʔāxađa

اذ خ آ ʔāxađā

واذ خ آ ʔāxađū

ذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđu

ان ذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđāni

ون ذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđūna

3f تذ خ آ ʔāxađat

ت اذ خ آ ʔāxađatā

ن ذخ آ ʔāxađna

ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđu

ان ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđāni

ن ذخ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđna

subjunctive jussive


ذ خ أ ؤ ا 1 ʔuʔāxiđa

ذ خ ن ؤ ا nuʔāxiđa

ذخ أ ؤ ا ʔuʔāxiđ

ذخ ن ؤ ا nuʔāxiđ

2m ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđa اذ خ ت ؤ ا

tuʔāxiđā

واذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđū

ذخ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđ اذ خ ت ؤ ا

tuʔāxiđā

واذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđū

2f يذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđī


يذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđī


3m ذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđa

اذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđā

واذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđū

ذخ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđ

اذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđā

واذ خ ي ؤ ا yuʔāxiđū

3f ذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđa

اذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđā


ذخ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđ

اذ خ ت ؤ ا tuʔāxiđā




2m ذخ آ ʔāxiđ اذ خ آ

ʔāxiđā

واذ خ آ ʔāxiđū

ذخ م ؤ ا muʔāxiđ

ذخ م ؤ ا muʔāxađ

ذ خ وأ

ʔūxiđa ذ خ اؤ ي

yuʔāxađu 2f يذ خ آ

ʔāxiđī ن ذخ آ

ʔāxiđna

sample



quadriliteral measure I

masdar: يت ر ة saytarat س

other ء ي و

11s to dominate

R1

R2

R3

R4

perfect indicative


ت ط ريس 1 sayʈartu

ن اط ريس sayʈarnā

ر يس أ ط ʔusayʈiru

ر يس ن ط nusayʈiru

2m ت ط ريس sayʈarta ت م اط ريس

sayʈartumā

ت مط ريس sayʈartum

ر يس ت ط tusayʈiru ر يس ت ان ط

tusayʈirāni

ر يس ت ون ط tusayʈirūna

2f ت ط ريس sayʈarti

ت ن ط ريس sayʈartunna

ر يس ت ين ط tusayʈirīna

ريس ت ن ط tusayʈirna

3m ط ر يس sayʈara

اط ر يس sayʈarā

واط ر يس sayʈarū

ر يس ي ط yusayʈiru

ر يس ي ان ط yusayʈirāni

ر يس ي ون ط yusayʈirūna

3f تط ر يس sayʈarat

ت اط ر يس sayʈaratā

ن ط ريس sayʈarna

ر يس ت ط tusayʈiru

ر يس ت ان ط tusayʈirāni

ريس ي ن ط yusayʈirna

subjunctive jussive


ر يس أ 1 ط ʔusayʈira

ر يس ن ط nusayʈira

ريس أ ط ʔusayʈir

ريس ن ط nusayʈir

2m ر يس ت ط tusayʈira ر يس ت اط

tusayʈirā

ر يس ت واط tusayʈirū

ريس ت ط tusayʈir ر يس ت اط

tusayʈirā

ر يس ت واط tusayʈirū

2f ر يس ت يط tusayʈirī


ر يس ت يط tusayʈirī


3m ر يس ي ط yusayʈira

ر يس ي اط yusayʈirā

ر يس ي واط yusayʈirū

ريس ي ط yusayʈir

ر يس ي اط yusayʈirā

ر يس ي واط yusayʈirū

3f ر يس ت ط tusayʈira

ر يس ت اط tusayʈirā


ريس ت ط tusayʈir

ر يس ت اط tusayʈirā




2m ريس ط sayʈir ر يس اط

sayʈirā

ر يس واط sayʈirū

ريس م ط musayʈir

ط ريس م musayʈar

ر يس ط suyʈira

ط ر يس ي yusayʈaru

2f ر يس يط sayʈirī

ريس ن ط sayʈirna

sample



Index

Measure I

1s1 masdar

baɧŧ بحث baɧaŧa search بحث

barā3at براعة bara3a be proficient برع

ba3ŧ بعث ba3aŧa send بعث

bal3 بلع bala3a swallow بلع

bahr بهر bahara overwhelm بهر

ta3asa become تعسmiserable

ta3āsat تعاسة

جحد jaɧada renounce جحد جحود

jaɧd juɧūd

jarɧ جرح jaraɧa injure جرح

jar3 جرع jara3a swallow جرع

ja3l جعل ja3ala make جعل

jam3 جمع jama3a collect جمع

jahd جهد jahada endeavor جهد

جهر jahara be revealed جهر جهار

jahr jihār

xud3at خدعة xada3a deceive خدع

xuɖū3 خضوع xaɖa3a submit خضع

xal3 خلع xala3a take off خلع

xunū3 خنوع xana3a be meek خنع

dabɣ دبغ dabaɣa tan دبغ

da3s دعس da3asa tread دعس

da3m دعم da3ama support دعم

daf3 دفع dafa3a push دفع

dam3 دمع dama3a water دمع

đabɧ ذبح đabaɧa slaughter ذبح

đubūl ذبول đabala wilt ذبل

đahāb ذهاب đahaba go ذهب

رجوح rajaɧa outweigh رجح رجحان

rujūɧ rujɧān

raɧīl رحيل raɧala travel رحل

raɖā3at رضاعة raɖa3a suckle رضع

ru3b رعب ra3aba terrify رعب

ra3d رعد ra3ada clap رعد

raf3 رفع rafa3a raise رفع

rukū3 ركوع raka3a kneel ركع

rahn رهن rahana pawn رهن

zaɧf زحف zaɧafa crawl زحف

zaxr زخر zaxara abound زخر

zar3 زرع zara3a plant زرع

za3ila become زعلupset

za3al زعل

zuhūr زهور zahara be radiant زهر

zahaqa become زهقbored

زهق زهوق

zahq zuhūq

sibāɧat سباحة sabaɧa swim سبح

saɧb سحب saɧaba pull سحب

saɧj سحج saɧaja scrape سحج

siɧr سحر saɧara enchant سحر

saɧq سحق saɧaqa crush سحق

saf3 سفع safa3a scorch سفع

samāɧ سماح samaɧa allow سمح

šaɧđ شحذ šaɧađa sharpen شحذ

šaɧn شحن šaɧana ship شحن

šarɧ شرح šaraɧa explain شرح

šurū3 شروع šara3a begin شرع

šuɣl شغل šaɣala fill شغل

شمل šamala include شمل شمول

šam(a)l šumūl

ʂar3 صرع ʂara3a knock down صرع

ʂaf3 صفع ʂafa3a slap صفع

ʂan3 or صنع ʂana3a manufacture صنعʂun3

ɖaɣʈ ضغط ɖaɣaʈa press ضغط

ɖal3 ضلع ɖala3a side ضلع

ʈabx طبخ ʈabaxa cook طبخ

ʈab3 طبع ʈaba3a print طبع

ʈaɧn طحن ʈahana grind طحن

ʈarɧ طرح ʈaraɧa subtract طرح

ʈa3n طعن ʈa3ana stab طعن

ʈumūɧ طموح ʈamaɧa aspire طمح

ʐuhūr ظهور ʐahara appear ظهر

3ajab عجب 3ajiba be amazed عجب

fatɧ فتح fataɧa open فتح

faɧʂ فحص faɧaʂa examine فحص

farāɣ فراغ faraɣa be empty فرغ

faraq فرق fariqa be afraid فرق

sample



faza3 فزع fazi3a be afraid فزع

fasx فسخ fasaxa void, annul فسخ

faɖɧ فضح faɖaɧa disgrace فضح

fa3l or فعل fa3ala do فعل fi3l

falɧ فلح falaɧa split فلح

qar3 قرع qara3a knock قرع

qaʈ3 قطع qaʈa3a cut قطع

qal3 قلع qala3a take off قلع

qam3 قمع qama3a suppress قمع

qahr قهر qahara conquer قهر

kabɧ كبح kabaɧa restrain كبح

kadɧ كدح kadaɧa toil كدح

kasɧ كسح kasaɧa sweep كسح

kamala be كملcompleted

كمال كمول

kamāl or kumūl

ladɣ لدغ ladaɣa sting لدغ

las3 لسع lasa3a sting لسع

la3n لعن la3ana curse لعن

lafɧ لفح lafaɧa burn لفح

lamɧ لمح lamaɧa glance لمح

لمع lama3a shine لمع لمعان

lam3 or lama3ān

لهاث lahaŧa pant لهث لهث

luhāŧ lahŧ

madɧ مدح madaɧa commend مدح

مزاح mazaɧa joke مزح مزح

muzāɧ mazɧ

masɧ مسح masaɧa wipe مسح

maɖɣ مضغ maɖaɣa chew مضغ

malx ملخ malaxa dislocate ملخ

manɧ منح manaɧa provide منح

man3 منع mana3a forbid منع

nubāɧ نباح nabaɧa bark نبح

najāɧ نجاح najaɧa succeed نجح

نحب naɧaba weep نحب نحيب

naɧb naɧīb

naɧas نحس naɧasa jinx نحس

nuzūɧ نزوح nazaɧa migrate نزح

naz3 نزع naza3a remove نزع

nasx نسخ nasaxa copy نسخ

نصح naʂaɧa advise نصح نصيحة

naʂɧ or nuʂɧ naʂīɧat

na3t نعت na3ata characterize نعت

na3asa become نعسsleepy

نعاس نعس

nu3ās na3s

naf3 نفع nafa3a be useful نفع

nahb نهب nahaba plunder نهب

nahj نهج nahaja pursue نهج

نهوض nahaɖa get up نهض نهض

nuhūɖ nahɖ

nahīq نهيق nahaqa bray نهق

hara3 هرع hara3a hurry هرع

1s1(a)

ŧaʔr ثأر ŧaʔara avenge ثأر

daʔb دأب daʔaba persist دأب

riʔāsat رئاسة raʔasa head رأس

زئير zaʔara roar زأر زأر

zaʔīr zaʔr

suʔāl سؤال saʔala ask سأل

laʔm ألم laʔama bandage ألم

maʔana provide مأنsupplies

maʔn مأن

1s1(b)

badʔ بدء badaʔa begin بدأ

barʔ برء baraʔa create برأ

خسء xasaʔa drive out خسأ خسوء

xasʔ xusūʔ

درء daraʔa ward off درأ دروء

darʔ durūʔ

ʈarʔ طرء ʈaraʔa happen طرأ

فجاءة fajaʔa surprise فجأ فجأة

fujāʔat fajʔat

qirāʔat قراءة qaraʔa read قرأ

lujūʔ لجوء lajaʔa resort لجأ

malʔ ملء malaʔa fill مأل

nutūʔ نتوء nataʔa protrude نتأ

نشأة našaʔa grow up نشأ نشوء

našʔat nušūʔ

hudūʔ هدوء hadaʔa calm down هدأ

huzʔ هزء hazaʔa mock هزأ

1s2

bađl بذل bađala exert بذل

jadl جدل jadala twist جدل

jađb جذب jađaba attract جذب

jalb جلب jalaba fetch جلب

julūs جلوس jalasa sit جلس

ɧabs حبس ɧabasa imprison حبس

ɧatama make حتمindispensable

ɧatm حتم

ɧajz حجز ɧajaza reserve حجز

ɧađf حذف ɧađafa omit حذف

sample


other ء ي و

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


1

2m

2f

3m

3f

subjunctive jussive


1

2m

2f

3m

3f



2m

2f

sample

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