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Transcript of 09CS303 Laboratory
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PES-INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DHEERAJ.D
Asst.Prof
Dept. of ISE, PESIT
09 CS 303
Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.For 5th Semester students.
By
(Autonomous Institute under VTU , Belgaum and UGC , New Delhi)100 feet ring road, BSK 3rd stage,
Banglore-560 085.Phone: 080-2672 1983, Fax: 080-2672 0886. http://pesit.pes.edu
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
Lex and Yacc
1. Write a lex Program to identify a simple and a compound statement.%{
#include
int F0=0,F1=0,F2=0,error=0,l1=0,l2=0;
%}
verb am|run|sit|did|study|is|large|go|come
subject [a-zA-Z]+
compnd and|but|also|either|neither|yet|still|consequences
%%
{verb} { if(F2==1)
l2=1;
F2=1;
if(F1==0)
error=1;
}
{compnd} { F0=1; }
{subject} { if(F1!=0)
l1=1;
F1++;
}
%%
main()
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
{
printf(\n Enter a sentence: );
yylex();
if(error==1 || F2==0 || F1==0)
{
printf(\n Invalid sentence);
exit(0);
}
if(F0==1 && l1==1 && l2==1)
printf(\n Compound sentence\n);
else
printf( \nSimple sentence\n);
}
Aliter
%{#include
int flag=0;
%}%%
if|
because|or|
either|nor|
neither|but{flag=1;}}%%
main()
{printf("Enter the sentence");
yylex();
if(flag)
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
{
printf("compound");
elseprintf("simple");
}
}2. Write a lex Program to count the number of keywords and identifiers in a sentence.%{
#includestatic int key_word=0;
static int identifier=0;
%}
%%"include"|"for"|"define" {key_word++;printf("keyword found");}
"int"|"char"|"float"|"double" {identifier++;printf("identifier found");}
%%int main()
{
printf("enter the sentence");
yylex();printf("keyword are: %d\n and identifier are: %d\n",key_word,identifier);
}
3. Write a lex program to convert an octal number to decimal number.%{
#include
Void octtodeci(int);
%}
%%
[0-7]+{octtodeci(atoi(yytext));}
%%
int main()
{
Printf(\n enter the octal number);
Yylex();
}
Void octtodeci(int num)
{
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
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int sum=0;
int r=0;
int i=0;
while(num!=0)
{
r=num%10;
sum=sum+r*po(8,i);
i++;
num=num/10;
}
Printf(\n the decimal equivalent is %d,sum);
}
int po(int a , int m){
int j=0;
int k=1;
for(j=0;j
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
%%
yyerror()
{
Printf(\n the string does not belong to the grammar);
}
int yylex()
{
char ch;
ch=getchar();
if (ch==a)
return A;
else if (ch==b)
return B;else if(ch==\n)
return 0;
else return ch;
}
int main()
{
Printf(enter the expression \n);
yyparse();
Printf(\n string accepted by grammar);Return 0;
}
5. Write a YACC program to check the validity of an arithmetic expression.
%{
#include
#include
%}%token ID
%left '+','-'
%left '*','/'
%%
E:E'+'E { printf("valid expression);}| E'-'E { printf("valid expression);}
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
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| E'/'E { printf("valid expression);}
| E'*'E { printf("valid expression);}
| ID;
%%
int yylex(){Char ch;
Ch=getchar();
if(isalnum(ch))return ID;
else if(ch==\n)
return 0;
else return ch;
}
yyerror()
{
Printf(\n invalid expression);
}
int main()
{
printf("Enter the expression");yyparse();
}
6. Write a YACC Program to identify an input for the grammar a^nb (n>=10)
/* 6.l lex part*/
%{
#include
#include y.tab.h
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%}
%%
[aA] return A;
[bB] return B;
.|\n return yytext[0];
%%
6.y
/* 6.y yacc part */
%{
#include
%}
%token A B
%%
stmt: S \n {printf(\nValid expression); exit(1);}
;
S: X B
X: X A | AAAAAAAAAA
%%
main()
{
printf(\nEnter the expression: );
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if(yyparse())
{
printf(\nValid expression);
exit(0);
}
}
int yyerror()
{
printf(\nInvalid expression\n);
return 1;
}
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
ANTLR(Another tool for Language Recognition).
In computer-based language recognition, ANTLR (pronounced Antler), or Another Tool for
Language Recognition, is a parser generator that uses LL (*) parsing. ANTLR is the successor to
the Purdue Compiler Construction Tool Set (PCCTS), first developed in 1989, and is under
active development. Its maintainer is Professor Terence Parr of the University of San Francisco.
ANTLR takes as input a grammar that specifies a language and generates as output source code
for a recognizer for that language. At the moment, ANTLR supports generating code in the
programming languages Ada95, Action Script, C, C#, Java, JavaScript, Objective-C, Perl,
Python, and Ruby. A language is specified using a context-free grammar which is expressed
using Extended Backus Naur Form EBNF.
ANTLR allows generating parsers, lexers, tree parsers, and combined lexer-parsers. Parsers can
automatically generate abstract syntax trees which can be further processed with tree parsers.
ANTLR provides a single consistent notation for specifying lexers, parsers, and tree parsers. Thisis in contrast with other parser/lexer generators and adds greatly to the tool's ease of use.
By default, ANTLR reads a grammar and generates a recognizer for the language defined by the
grammar (i.e. a program that reads an input stream and generates an error if the input stream
does not conform to the syntax specified by the grammar). If there are no syntax errors, then the
default action is to simply exit without printing any message. In order to do something useful
with the language, actions can be attached to grammar elements in the grammar. These actions
are written in the programming language in which the recognizer is being generated. When the
recognizer is being generated, the actions are embedded in the source code of the recognizer at
the appropriate points. Actions can be used to build and check symbol tables and to emitinstructions in a target language, in the case of a compiler.
As well as lexers and parsers, ANTLR can be used to generate tree parsers. These are
recognizers that process abstract syntax trees which can be automatically generated by parsers.
These tree parsers are unique to ANTLR and greatly simplify the processing of abstract syntax
trees.
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How to install and use ANTLR?
Download ANTLR 3.2, eclipse, JDK 1.6. Open eclipse ide.
Select File
New
JPA Project. Enter container name, project name, ok or finish. Select FileNewjava project. Enter a project nameok. If there is a prompt that asks for build nature press ok. Right click on the project in the package explorer. NewotherANTLRcombined grammarnextenter grammar name (grammar
name = class name)ok.
The ide generates a .g file for you. Type the program in the text editor. Right click on the project in the package explorer. SelectconfigureANTLR project. Right click on the project again in the package explorer. Select Build pathadd external archives. Select the directory where the ANTLR jar file resides. Note: if there are no errors in your program, ANTLR generates a lexer and a parser file
for you.
Go to the interpreter, give the input for the grammar, ANTLR generates a parse tree asoutput.
If build fails, go to runrun asjava applicationokSelect Tool-org.antlrok, thisshould run your code.
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
1. Write an ANTLr grammar to accept the pascal statement READ(Value) and print aparse tree for the same.
grammar Read;
options {language = Java;
}
tokens{READ = 'READ';
OB = '(';
CB = ')';
CM = ',';
}
@members{
/*public static void main (String [] args) throws Exception
{ReadLexer lex = new ReadLexer(new ANTLRFileStream(args[0]));
CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lex);
ReadParser parser = new ReadParser(tokens);
try{
parser.expr();
}catch(RecognitionException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();}
}*/
}
IDLIST : ID(((CM)ID)+)?;
fragment ID : AL+;
fragment AL : 'a'..'z'|'A'..'Z';
read: READ OB IDLIST CB;
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
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2. Write an ANTLr grammar to perform basic arithmetic operation in a calculatorgrammar Test;
options {
language = Java;
}
tokens{PLUS = '+';
MINUS = '-';MULT = '*';
DIV = '/';
ASSIGNMENT =':=';
}@members
{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception{
TestLexer lex = new TestCalLexer(new ANTLRFileStream(args[0]));
CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lex);TestParser parser = new TestParser(tokens);
try
{
parser.expr();}
catch(RecognitionException e)
{e.printStackTrace();
}
}}
/*Lexer Rules*/
ID: A+;NUMBER: (DIGIT) + ('.' (DIGIT)+)? ;
WS: ('\t'|' '|'\r'|'\n')+ ;
fragment A : 'a'..'z'|'A'..'Z';/*fragment:Special construct in ANTLR to describe a part of another rule*/fragment DIGIT: '0'..'9' ;
/*Parser Rules*/
stmt: ID ASSIGNMENT expr;expr:term((PLUS|MINUS)term)*;
term:factor((MULT|DIV)factor)*;
factor: ID | NUMBER;
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
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3. Write an ANTLr grammar to accept a block of PASCAL statements between beginand end and print the parse tree for the same.
grammar Prog1;
options {language = Java;
}
tokens{
ASSIGN = ':=';
PLUS = '+';
MINUS = '-';MULT = '*';
DIV = '/';
TO = 'TO';DO = 'DO';
BEGIN = 'BEGIN';
END = 'END';
WRITE = 'WRITE';SEMICLN = ';';
FOR = 'FOR';
OB = '(';CB = ')';
CM = ',';
}
ID: A+;
NUMBER : (DIGIT)+('.' (DIGIT)+)? ;//WS: ('\t'|' '|'\r'|'\n')+ ;
fragment A : 'a'..'z'|'A'..'Z';
fragment DIGIT: '0'..'9';for: FOR ID ASSIGN NUMBER TO NUMBER DO BEGIN stmtlist END;
stmtlist: stmt+;
stmt: write | ID ASSIGN expr SEMICLN;expr:term((PLUS|MINUS)term)* ;
term:factor((MULT|DIV)factor)*;
factor: ID | NUMBER;
write : WRITE OB idlist CB SEMICLN;idlist : ID((CM ID)+)?;
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4. Write an ANTLr grammar to decide whether given sentence is simple or compound.grammar Prog2;
options
{language = Java;
}
VERBS : 'doing' | 'using';
NOUN : 'bangalore' | 'dog';
ADJECTIVE : 'complicated'|'massive';
sentence : (VERBS|NOUN|ADJECTIVE)+;
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Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.
Dept of IS&E, PESIT
09 CS 303
Week # Program # List of Programs
1Instruction
class.
Introduction to the lab procedures and evaluation scheme, Lex and YACC
specifications.
2 Program #1 Write a lex Program to identify a simple and a compound statement.
3 Program #2 Write a lex Program to count the number of keywords and identifiers in a sentence.
4 Program #3 Write a lex program to convert an octal number to decimal number.
5 Program #4Write a YACC Program to check whether given string a^nb^n is accepted by the
grammar.
6 Program #5 Write a YACC program to check the validity of an arithmetic expression.
7 Program #6 Write a YACC Program to identify an input for the grammar a^nb (n>=10).
8Instruction
classInstruction class on ANTLR (Another tool for Language Recognition).
9 Program #1Write an ANTLr grammar to accept the pascal statement READ(Value) and print a
parse tree for the same.
10 Program #2 Write an ANTLr grammar to perform basic arithmetic operation in a calculator
11 Program #3 Write an ANTLr grammar to accept a block of PASCAL statements between begin andend and print the parse tree for the same.
12 Program #4 Write an ANTLr grammar to decide whether given sentence is simple or compound.
Compiler Design-Laboratory Manual.