$09 Jain Universe - Jain Education, Jain Library, Jain literature09_Jain_Universe.pdf ·...

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9/24/2018 1 Pravin K. Shah Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North Carolina 509 Carriage Woods Circle Cary, NC 27513 Website: www.jainelibrary.org e-mail: [email protected] 919-859-4994 H, 919-889-1900Cell Jain Universe Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and spirituality using four different methods known as Four Anuyogs 1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog) Historical, non-historical, and mythology 2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog) Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence 3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog) Karma and its classification Various stages of Soul's spiritual development based on Karma Structure and Function Universe 4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog) Spirituality Jain Universe Akas (Space) Lokakas Jiva and Ajiva Exist Height - 14 Rajlok Alokakas Empty - Void Infinite Jain Universe Jain Universe

Transcript of $09 Jain Universe - Jain Education, Jain Library, Jain literature09_Jain_Universe.pdf ·...

Page 1: $09 Jain Universe - Jain Education, Jain Library, Jain literature09_Jain_Universe.pdf · 2018-09-24 · 9/24/2018 1 Pravin K. Shah Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North

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Pravin K. Shah

Jaina Education Committee

Jain Study Center of North Carolina

509 Carriage Woods Circle

Cary, NC 27513

Website: www.jainelibrary.org

e-mail: [email protected]

919-859-4994 H, 919-889-1900Cell

Jain Universe

Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir

Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and

spirituality using four different methods known as Four

Anuyogs

1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog)

Historical, non-historical, and mythology

2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog)

Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence

3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog)

Karma and its classification

Various stages of Soul's spiritual development based

on Karma

Structure and Function Universe

4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog)

Spirituality

Jain Universe

Akas (Space)

Lokakas

Jiva and Ajiva Exist

Height - 14 Rajlok

Alokakas

Empty - Void

Infinite

Jain UniverseJain Universe

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Yojan and Rajlok Measurement

Yojan

1 Danda or Bow = 6 feet

2000 Danda or Bow = 1 Kosha

4 Kosha = 1 Yojan (@ 9.0 miles)

Another book gives different measurement

1 Dhanu = 6 feet

4000 Dhanu = 1 Yojan (@4.5 miles)

1000 Yojans = 1 Mahayojan

Rajlok or Rajju

A distance traveled by a deva (a heavenly god) in six months at a rate of

2,057,152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @1/4

second) or

The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1,000 bhar

(1000 tolas or 25 lb.) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven).

= @1.15 x 10E21 miles

Universe (Lokakas)

Total Height = 14 Rajlok

Upper world height = 7 Rajlok

Middle world height = 1800 Yojans

900 Yojan up from center of the surface

900 Yojan down from center of the surface

Width = 1 Rajlok

Lower world height = 7 Rajlok

Lokakas Volume (Digambar) = 343 Cubic Rajlok

Lokakas Volume (Swetambar)= 239 Cubic Rajlok

Universe (Lokakas)

Who Lives Where? (Residents)

Upper World

• Liberated Souls (Moksha)

• Vaimanik devas

12 /16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas

Middle World

• Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans)

• Humans, Tiryanch (on surface)

• Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans)

Lower World

• Bhavanpati devas

• Narakis

Upper World

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Upper World

Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju

Moksha, 5 Anuttaras, 9 Graiveks, 12 or 16 Devloks

Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha

Vaimanik devas (3 sub-categories)

Higher Vaimanik devas (Anuttara and Graiveks)

Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or

third birth

Each deva is independent

Lower Vaimanik devas

Organized like Earthly kingdoms -

Rulers (Indra), Counselors, Guards, Followers,

Armies

Middle World

Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below Earth surface

Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World

Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of

alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents)

Residents

Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth

Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface

Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below surface of Earth

World of Human (Manushya_lok)

Consist of two and half continents

Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip

List of 64 Indras – Celebrates

Birthday of Tirthankar

List of 64 Indras who perform Trthankar Abhishek after Birth

on Mount Meru

• Bhavanpati – 20 (There are 10 Bhavanpati places and each divides in

North and South and each one has one Indra)

• Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyatar places and each divides in North and

South and each one has one Indra)

• Vyan Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyan Vyatar places and each divides

in North and South and each one has one Indra)

• Jyotishk Dev – 2 - One Moon and One Sun (There 2 Suns and 2

Moons exist in Jambudweep but one of them comes for Abhishek)

• Vaimanik – 10 (one Indra each from first 8 Devlok + One Indra from

9th and 10th and One Indra from 11th and 12th Devlok)

Middle World (Madhyalok)Two and Half Island

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Jyotishka Devas

Distance from Earth surface

Stars (Tara) = 790 yojans

Sun (Surya) = 800 yojans

Moon (Chandra) = 880 yojans

Constellation (Nakshatra) = 884 yojans

Planets (Graha)

Mercury (Budha) = 888 yojans

Venus (Shukra) = 891 yojans

Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati) = 894 yojans

Mars (Mangal) = 897 yojans

Saturn (Shani) = 900 yojans

Remaining planets = 888 to 900 yojans

Mount Meru

Mount MeruNumber of Jyotishka Devas

(Two and Half Continents)

Location Moon Sun Planet Constellation Stars

Jambu Dvip

Island

2 2 176 56 133,950E14

Lavan Samudra

Ocean

4 4 352 112 267,900E14

Dhataki Khand

Island

12 12 1056 336 803,700E14

Kalodadhi Samudra

Ocean

42 42 3696 1176 2,812,950E14

Pushkar Dvip

Island

72 72 6336 2096 4,822,200E14

Total 132 132 11696 3696 8,840,600E14

•Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10E14)

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Jambudvip

Center of the Middle World

Diameters 100,000 yojans

Mount Meru is at the center

Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns

Six mountains run from East to West, divide

into seven huge continents

Each continent is watered by two great

rivers

Jambu-dvip

Jambu-dvip

�Seven Continents and Six Mountains

1. Airavata (North) - Rakta and Raktoda Rivers

Shikhari Mountain

2. Airanyavant - Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers

Rukmi Mountain

3. Ramyak - Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers

Nil Mountain

4. Mahavideh (Middle) - Sitoda and Sita Rivers

Nishidh Mountain

5. Harivarsha - Harikanta and Harita Rivers

Mahahimvant Mountain

6. Himavant - Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers

Himvant Mountain

7. Bharata (South) - Sindhu and Ganga Rivers

Jambu-dvip

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Karma_bhumi (Land of Action)

• Three Continents

Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh

• Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi

• Religion exist and Liberation is possible

Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action)

• Four Continents

Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat

• Two Sub-continents of Mahavideh

Devkuru and Uttarkuru

• Congenital pairs (yugalins) live

• Land is adorned with wish-granting trees

(kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds.

• No Tirthankar is born

• No Religion exist and hence no liberation

Karma and Akarma Bhumi

• Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip

• Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle

(width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and

South)

• Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South.

They divide each North and South sections into three

sub_continents

• Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South

section

• Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can

pass through the tunnels)

• Vasudev king rules three sub_continents

• Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra

• Remaining five sub_continents are known as

Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha)

• Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra

Bharat_kshetra

Bharat-kshetra (India)

Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two

Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known

as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru.

Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs

(yugalins) live.

Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts

Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest

Each part has 8 sub_continents -

Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays

A Tirthankar may born in each vijay

At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows

• Northeast (Ishan) - Simandhar_swami (8th vijay)

• Southeast (Agni) - Yugamandhar_swami (9th vijay)

• Southwest (Nairutya) - Bahu_swami (24th vijay)

• Northwest (Vayavya) - Subahu_swami (25th vijay)

Mahavedah - kshetra

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Manushya_Lok - (World of Humans)

Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips

(continents)

Jambudvip

Dhataki_khanda

Half of Puskara_dvip

Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It

has twice the number of mountains, rivers and

continents of Jambudvip.

Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda

but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence

it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers,

and continents of Jambu_dvip.

Manushya_Lok

(World of Humans) cont..

Hence Manushya_lok consist of:

Fifteen Karma_bhumi,

Five Bharat_kshetra,

Five Airavat_kshetra,

Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru),

Thirty Akarma_bhumi.

Human, Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist

Human population of Manushya_lok is 10E29

Outside Manushya_lok

Only Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist

Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok

Nandishwar-dvip52 Eternal Temples

Lower World

Residents

Narakis (Hellish)

Bhavanvasi devas

Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati

7 infernal regions (Narakis)

1st region = 1 Rajju wide

7th region = 7 Rajju wide

Each infernal region is made up of

Clay,

Ice (solid water)

Solid air (ghan vayu)

Thin air (tan vayu)

Space (akas)

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Lower World continued..

Suffering increases from 1st to 7th Hell (Narakis)

Burning heat

Intense cold

Nauseous smells

Unquenchable thirst

Insatiable hunger

Unavoidable torture from each other

Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis)

(Asuras are Bhavanpati devs)

Earth is Flat

Earth is not moving

Sun and Moon moves around Mount Meru (Earth)

Two Suns and Two Moons exist in Jambu-dvip

Mahavideh-kshetra connected to Bharat-kshetra via land

(mountains, rivers, etc..)

Sun is closer to Earth than Moon

Summary

Two Ways to be Fooled

There are two ways to be fooled.

“One is to believe what isn't true;

the other is to refuse to believe what is true."

- Soren Kierkegaard

Scientists at the university of Kalamazoo and the University of

Oshkosh have simultaneously confirmed beyond a reasonable

doubt that

The Earth is not flat and that cruise ships will not fall off

the planet and sail off into space on round-the-world

excursions.