09 Asef Baddar-Leviton

7/22/2019 09 Asef Baddar-Leviton

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-with Component Rating A Simple Perspective

Asef Baddar RCDD, DCD

.

Leviton Middle East



Cate or S ecifications

Agenda

Terminology – International & North America

Category 6A and Component Rating

Shielded Solutions compared to UTP solutions for Structured

Shielded System Pro’s and Con’s

Summary



International Standards

TIA is the Telecommunications Industry Association (North America)

s e ec ron cs n us ry ance or mer ca

ISO is the International Standards Organization (TIA equivalent)

s e n erna ona ec ro ec n ca omm ss onequivalent)

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization(CENELEC)is the standards setting body of the European Union (EU). BICSIequivalent and uses the EN designation.



Category Classification ISO and TIA

TIA classification of cabling classes:

Category 3 is specified up to 16 MHz

Cate or 5e is s ecified u to 100 MHz

Category 6 is specified up to 250 MHz

Category 6A is specified up to 500 MHz

Category 7 – No plans to develop under TIA.

A

equivalent)

ISO classifications of cabling classes:

Class C is specified up to 16 MHz (similar to Cat-3)

Class D is specified up to 100 MHz (similar to Cat-5e)

- Class EA is specified up to 500 MHz (similar to Cat-6A)

Class F is specified up to 600 MHz

Class FA is specified up to 1000 MHz



Market Segment by Category 2007 - 2012

Cat-5e and Cat-6 are so far dominating

Cat-6A on the increase



TIA Cat-6A



Category 6A

Cabling classification designed to support high-speed

applications, such as 10GBase-T, over 100 meter channels

w

Requirements are for 4-pair 100 Ω CAT6A cabling, cables,cords and connecting hardware up to 500 MHz

Several new parameters introduced such as:

o alien crosstalk near and far

Published in



Designing to the Cat 6A Standard

The TIA 568 Standards ensure applications will run, and

products from different manufacturers work together.

These standards build in extra erformance mar in than is

typically required by applications such as 10G Ethernet. A range of performance

for plugs, jacks, cords,

and cables.




This range allows trade-offs in the design process – optimize

for all products across the range, or optimize for a specific

Most manufacturers, choose to optimize for their owncomponent values so their system performance is optimized.

onnec ors, cor s,

patch panels, cables

can be designed towork best together.




Range of Connector Values

A

Range of Connector Values

B

Range of Cable Values Range of Cable Values

A B

When products from different manufacturers are combined,

overall performance margin can drop due to the need to

performance envelope.

Competent manufacturers will design extra margin into

- margin with their own products, and with those from other

manufacturers.



Comp. Guarantee Channel Perform.?

Alien Crosstalk (AXT) is new to Cat 6A. It was not

previously specified in earlier categories for 4pr UTP cables.

Other t es of Crosstalk such as NEXT and FEXT are

generated WITHINthe cable jacket,

, , .

NEXT and FEXT can be

predicted, and can

through noise

cancellation within

e ac ve equ pmen .



Comp. Guarantee Channel Perform.?

In some instances, meeting component requirements for AXT

DOES NOT guarantee the resulting channel or link will meet

.

In addition to meeting the component requirements, allconnecting hardware and cable should also be verified for link

and channel AXT performance.

This is because Alien Crosstalk coupling can take several

different forms.

The most significant of these forms are common mode and

differential mode noise, and differential to common mode

.



Differential Mode Signals

Current flow in UTP cabling induces a magnetic field around.

The spiral form created by the twisted pairs to some extent

keeps the magnetic field contained within the spiral.

The containment is not perfect, and a magnetic field alsoexists outside the spiral.



Common Mode Signals

Common mode noise flows

direction, and returns to ground via parasitic capacitance.

Both conductors generate a magnetic field with equal

magn u e an po ar y, an o no cance eac o er ou . The spiral wound pair acts just like an antenna.



Common to Differential Conversion

The better the electrical balance of the cable, connector,and cord, the better they are able to reject these forms of

AXT, and the better the AXT margin of the entire channel.



AXT Testing at the Component Level

AXT testing for hardware includes setups for ANEXT and

AFEXT.

To understand the tests we need to introduce two terms:

“disturber” and “victim”. In this photo, the “V” marks the victim

, .

AXT from each

surroundingport is

measured and

summed.



AXT Testing at the Component Level

o a near y por s ave a s gn can e ec on , anare not included.

The standards define what’s called “significant disturbers”.

For the curious - defined as 90-20log(f/100)

In panels and

’

generally the

nearby ports.



Show Me the Channel

A typical worst-case Cat 6A channel as defined in the

standards includes 4 connectors

in a 6-around-1 topology.



UTP & Shielded System



Growth of Shielded System (US)

In 2006, Shielded Systems were about 1% of the US business.

o All Categories (5e/6/6A) Shielded solutions business increased in 2009 but still expected to

be the same in 2012

o s ncrease contr ute to at-



Terminology



Terminology – ISO and N. America Flavors



End to End Channel



4-Connector Channel

Channel is the same for UTP and Shielded

Deviseor

Field

Telecommunications

Closet

HorizontalCable

Patch Cord

Length

Consolidation

Patch

Panel

Port 2

Patch

Panel

Port 1

5m max

or

Field

Tester

Point

Patch Cord

Length

5m max Total

Testing Length328 ft (100m)

Maximum



What is the Noise all About

EMC - Electromagnetic Compatibility

o Immunity - Susceptibility to interference from

.

o Emissions – Potential to disturb outside sources

EMI / RFI – Electromagnetic Interference / Radio

Frequency Interference

o The disruption of operation of an electronic

device when it is in the vicinity of an

electromagnetic field (EM field) in the radio

another electronic device.

o Causes an undesirable response, malfunctioning

or degradation in the performance of electrical

equipment.



What is a Shield?

Used to block RF Electromagnetic radiation from

conductors

Used to prevent the leakage of signal from core

conductors onto other channels in close

proximity

Reduction of RF/E radiation depends very much

upon e ma er a use , s c ness, an efrequency spectrum



Shield? STRENGTHS

EMI/RFI Protection

o Noise immunity from outside electrical

Securityo Data security in secure network

applications

Alien Crosstalk (Cat 6A)

applications (500 MHz)

Smaller Cable O.D. (Cat 6A)

o

capac y n a ways paces vs.Cat 6A UTP cable)



Shield? WEAKNESSES

Cost

o Shielded systems generally 30-40%

-. .

typically higher by about 10%o Labor - Additional labor/cost to

erm na e ca e prep, o , ra n w re,

rework)

o Training - May require additionalinstaller training

Availability

smaller quantities than UTP.



Shield Types

Foil – Most common today

o Better flexibility but not as rugged

o Screen must be folded onto itself for full shield effect

o 1.5 or 2.0 mil aluminum foil shield

Braids

o Good flexibility and rugged

o Excellent for mitigating noise at low frequencies

o Use higher braid coverage percentage for maximum protection

om na on ra o cons ruc on

o Maximum effectiveness of shielding

o More bulk – difficult to work with

o More costly



Shield Market Sector

Financial

o Trading desks, high speed data close to other

.

Govt.o Secure network applications, EMI/RFI immunity.

ea care

o Application near ambient electrical noise; MRI

equipment, etc. Gaming

o High concentration of electrical noise

• Lights, slot machines, cameras, ATMs, etc.

Industrialo Motors, generator, fluorescent lights



Why Bonding & Grounding ?

Life safety requirements

o NEC NFPA 70 Article 250

Protection of People &Property

o Life Safety – Prevent severe

injury or possible death foru ng occupan s.

o Equipment – Prevent

damaged or destroyed.



Who will do Bonding & Grounding?

The electrician on a project is responsible for Bonding &

Grounding as part of the building infrastructure

o National & local codes should alwa s be followed.

o Contact AHJ if there is question on a specific project.

This is typically done before the communications installer

arrives on the ob site.

“A primary responsibility of the designer is safeguarding

personnel, property, and equipment from foreign electrical

voltages and currents”. (BICSI TDM, 10th edition, page 10-2)



Bonding

Definition

“The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically

conduct safely an current likely to be imposed.” (NEC Article 100

definition)

o Eliminate voltage potentials across all systems which can cause:

• Equipment damage

• Electrical noise

• Intermittent operation

•



Grounding (Earthing)

Definition

“A conducting connection, whether intentional or incidental,

between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth, or

to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.”

o Establish and maintain the potential of the earth on

conductors connected to it.o Conducting ground current to and from the earth

A ‘floatin ’ round s stem is one that is not connected to

Earth.



Grounding Patch Panels

• Rack Level View of shielded system



Grounding at the Work Area

groun a e or rea s no requ re

Grounding is done when shielded patch cord connect PL

to PC (NIC). The computer is grounded through the

electrical receptacle.

If shielded patch cord is not used or the PC is not

, .



Summary

Component rating is necessary to achieve good channel margin

Both Cat-6A Shielded and Unshielded Cables are used world

w e

Majority of installs are UTP Some regions prefer Unshielded and some prefer just Shielded

n ro uc on o a - , ncrease e use o s e e so u ons

as it was easier to meet alien crosstalk in early

Both Shielded and UTP Cat-6A solutions supports 10G

UTP recommended for installations where no noise is present

and Shielded is recommended for installations in noisy

environments

09 Asef Baddar-Leviton

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