081028 Nfc Standards Payments Narada

8/6/2019 081028 Nfc Standards Payments Narada

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Near Field Communication (NFC)

Opportunities & Standards

Narada WarakagodaSenior Research Scientist


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NFC Technology

Near Field Communication(NFC) is a standards-basedshort-range wirelessconnectivity technology forelectronic devices

A set of standards

Range typically upto 10cm

Frequency 13.56 MHz

Data rates 106,212, 424 Kbit/s

No battery required
http://images.google.no/imgres?imgurl=http://www.barcode-solutions.com/images/RFID/RFID-Tag-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://theponderingprimate.blogspot.com/2007_01_01_archive.html&h=159&w=160&sz=17&hl=no&start=14&tbnid=jXsPR7ViSRV9SM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnfc%2Btag%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DG


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Mobile NFC

Attach an NFC module to the mobile

peer-to-peer mode : Use the mobile tointeract with another mobile

Phone to phone transactions

reader/writer mode :Use the mobile

to read/write external tags

Mobile as a POS terminal

card emulation mode :Use the mobileas a tag for external readers

Mobile as a payment card
http://images.google.no/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilegazette.com/handsets/nokia/nokia-6131nfc/nokia-6131nfc-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilegazette.com/nokia-n800-n76-n93i-6161nfc.htm&h=330&w=330&sz=24&hl=no&start=8&tbnid=iB4PWFEkrFF5MM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnfc%2Bmobile%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.no/imgres?imgurl=http://mobilementalism.com/imageSnag/381-43ed306b9eb20.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mobilementalism.com/category/tech/rfid/&h=376&w=260&sz=13&hl=no&start=2&tbnid=kkBXqhmY8Isv-M:&tbnh=122&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnfc%2Bmobile%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.no/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wirelesswatch.jp/image_library/visa_nfc.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wirelesswatch.jp/wp-mobile.php%3Fp%3D1574%26more%3D1&h=280&w=266&sz=24&hl=no&start=17&tbnid=c6NGl3jZKupkBM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=108&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnfc%2Bmobile%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DG


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Mobile as a payment card, why?

Plastic card

Secure element + NFC link

NFC enabled mobile

Secure Element (SIM/UICC card)

Co-operating application processor anda (G)UI

OTA (Over The Air) channel

Payment

application

Bank

NFC

Application

Processor

OTA

GUI


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Mobile NFC payment actors

Basically a marriage between banks end MNOs

Several banks and MNOs exist in a given market

A facilitator will simplify the relationships

TSM (trusted service manager) role is proposed

Bank1

Other

Service

providers

MNO1Bank2 Bank3 MNO3MNO2

TSM

user


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Mobile NFC payments architecture

UICC

NFC Reader

infrastructure

TSM platform

Bank card

management

system

MNO OTA

server

Server SideClient Side

ApplicationProcessor

NFC Module

Mobile

Device

NFC

MMI

4

2

3

1

Bank payment

processing

system

OTA

5


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NFC Standards

ISO 14443 (Contactless Integrated circuit cards,proximity cards)

Standardises physical characteristics, radio interface, initialization/anti-collision & transmission protocols

Type A & B depending on radio interface

ISO/IEC 15693 (Contactless Integrated circuit cards, vicinitycards)

RFID item tracking ISO/IEC 18092 or ECMA 340 (Near Field Communication

interface and protocol, NFCIP-1)

Standarises RF field/signal interface, initialisation/anti-collision, transportprocols

Active and passive RF modes, peer-to-peer mode

Several data rates

ECMA 352 or ISO 21481 (NFCIP-2)

Specifies operating mode selection (ISO 14443, 15693 or NFCIP-1)

1

NFC Reader

NFC module


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NFC standards

NFC Interface and Protocol (NFCIP -2)ISO 21481

(Mode switching)

Contactless

Vicinity Cards

(RFID)ISO/IEC 15693

ContactlessProximity cardsISO/IEC 14443

Mifare Calypso

NFC Interface

and protocol

(NFCIP-1)ISO/IEC 18092

Felica

1

known

Implementations

Type A Type B

NFC Reader

NFC module


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High level NFC standards

NFC Forum

Builds on ISO/IEC standards

Peer-to-Peer Mode

ISO/IEC Standards

Card Emulation mode Read-Write mode

NDEF

RTD

Tag Types

?NDEF exchangeNFCforum

scope

1

LLCP

NFC Reader

NFC module


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UICC-NFC module Interface

ETSI TS 102 613: Single Wire Protocol (SWP)

A fresh standard ETSI (approved November 2007)

Implementations (mobile handset & UICC) are beginning toemerge

SWP specifies only hardware layer & an overlay softwarestandard is necessary

ETSI TS 102 622: UICC-Contactless Front-end interface,Host Controller Interface (HCI)

Provides a software (API) standard on top of SWP.

This standard is very fresh (approved September 2008)

Implementations (mobile handset & UICC) are yet to emerge

2

NFC module

UICC


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Application processor UICC interfaceHardware/low level standards

3GPP TS 11.11 SIM-ME interface/ETSI TS 102.221UICC-Terminal Interface

ISO 7816 based communication

Serial, low speed (9600 bps)

Physical (hardware) & Logical (API)

Implementation Widespread

ETSI TS 102 600 Smart Cards: UICC-Terminalinterface, Characterustics of the USB interface

Fresh specification

Also known as high speec interface

Speeds upto 12 Mbps

Implementations yet to emerge

3

UICC

Appl. processor


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Application processor UICC interfaceSoftware/high level standards

3GPP TS 11.14 SIM application toolkit /ETSI TS122.038 USIM application toolkit/ETSI TS 102.223(Card Application Toolkit)

Enables UICC to take initiative (proactive)

Implementations widespread, but full implementation on theterminal side is rare

Boring text based MMI

JSR 177 Security and Trust services API for J2ME

Initiative from application processor (Midlets)

Implementations reasonably widespread

OMA SmartCard Web Server (SCWS)

Initiative from a browser on the phone

Implementation is not widespread

Rich graphical MMI is possible

3

UICC

Appl. processor


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Application Processor- NFC Moduleinterface

No widely agreed hardware standard (I2C, USB etc.) Probably not so important for service providers since the

terminal manufacturer integrates NFC module in the mobile

NFC Forums work on NCI (NFC Controller Interface)

standardisation of APIs for this interface

Ongoing work!

JSR 257 Contactless communication API for J2ME

specifies high level APIs for this interface

Nokia has already implemented it on 6131_NFC

4

NFC module

Appl. processor


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OTA Standards/Technologies

GlobalPlatform

Initiative from the financial industry

Security domain creation and manipulation on the UICC

Secure channel protocols (SCP)

Commands for Secure application download/install/delete/locketc.

3GPP TS 03.48/ ETSI TS 102.225/226

Remote APDU structure for UICC based applications (push datadirectly to the UICC from a remote server)

Aligned with Global Platform commands

Midlet proxy method Use a midlet in the mobile to proxy communication between the

server and the UICC.

5

UICC

OTA server


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Conclusion

Mobile NFC opens up new opportunities in payment and

banking

Standards are extremely important because this is anarea where many different actors (MNOs, banks, terminalproducers, UICC producers .) are involved.

Most of the crucial standards are in place, butimplementation of standards are not sufficientlywidespread.

It may take another year or two before mobile NFC willtake off!


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Thank you!


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user MNOService Provider/

Credit Card issuer/Acquirer

Application Provider/Trusted Services Manager

Merchant

End usermobile tariffsfor mobile networktransportandNFC enabled phonesand (U)SIM cards

(postpaid subscriptionor prepaid)*

e.g. NFC transactionfees or other rentalfees for provisioning ofSIM card space and

NFC security keys

* Out of scope of GSMAproject

e.g. fees for applicationprovisioning,personalisation,downloading,service life cyclemanagement

e.g. pays the merchantfor purchased goods viathe NFC credit card

application

Credit card clearing forthe sold goods*

e.g. pays the monthlycredit card bill*

Example NFC Value Chain - PaymentRevenue Streams


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NFC module- Reader interface ISO 14443 (Contactless Integrated circuit cards,proximity cards)

Stanadises physical characteristics, radio interface, initialization/anti-collision & transmission protocols

Type A (Mifare) & B (Calypso) depending on radio interface

ISO/IEC 15693 (Contactless Integrated circuit cards, vicinitycards)

RFID item tracking ISO/IEC 18092 or ECMA 340 (Near Field Communication

interface and protocol, NFCIP-1)

Standarises RF field/signal interface, initialisation/anti-collision, transportprocols

Active and passive RF modes

Several data rates

ECMA 352 or ISO 21481 (NFCIP-2)

Specifies operating mode selection (ISO 14443, 15693 or NFCIP-1)


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NFC module- Reader interface

Several problems Popular proprietary implementations (Mifare, Felica) does not

fully comply with standards.

Multi-technology mode detection (eg. Mifare vs. Felica)capability may be required

Contactless standards have been developed for plastic cards, notfor mobile phones. (load effects are different)

Power off mode may not work

Existing reader infrastructure has implicit application selection& therefore multi applications on a mobile may be a problem


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NFC Client side issues

Lack/cost of NFC mobile phones

Compatibility with existing contactless infrastructure

Cost of high memory, multi-application UICC cards

UICC-NFC module communication

Powerful UICC-Handset communication

Powerful UICC-server communication (BIP protocol notwidespread implementations, SMS based communicationis common)


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NFC Forum standards

NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF)

The basic format (bit level) in which data are stored in NFC tags(or devices).

Record Type Definition (RTD) specification

High level definition of different types of NDEF records (i.e.information and action)

Text, URI, Smart Poster

Tag type technical specification

Tags are categorized into four main groups.

NDEF Record_1 NDEF_Record_2 NDEF_Record_3

NDEF message


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Peer-to-peer mode

Bi-directional data exchange type of applications

Example: Secure Bluetooth pairing configuration


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Reader/Writer mode

Usually Service discovery typeof applications

E.g: A poster with an NFC tag

When touched by NFC phone a webpage is opened

But there are interesting paymentapplications as well

E.g: Mobile as a POS terminal


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Card emulation mode

This is arguably the most interesting mode

Several different applications including payments

Use Case Description

Mobile Payment mobile as payment card

Mobile Ticketing Public Transport & Events

Physical Access Physical entry card replacement

Logical Access Access to VPNs, RSA token replacement

Loyalty Application Loyalty card replacement

Health Care Application Personal health records/e-health card

Digital Rights Management Local digital rights storage

Automotive interactive information services, remotecar diagnosis services, emergency calls,personal settings
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081028 Nfc Standards Payments Narada

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