08. Therban in Fuel Related Applications- Prasanth B.pdf

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group

Therban in Fuel Related Application

Dr. Sharon Guo

Prasanth B.

LANXESS TRP


• Introduction

• Therban General Performance

• Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel

• Therban Performance in Fuel and “Fuel + Alcohol”


Introduction

1. Regulations on car emissions

2. Different Fuel - Regular Fuel & Bio fuel.

3. Stability of Diesel/biodiesel


1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions 1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions Standards in the EU, USA and JapanStandards in the EU, USA and Japan

Nitrogen Oxide Limits

g/km for petrol engines

Nitrogen Oxide Limits

g/km for diesel engines

Particulate Matter Limits

g/km for diesel engines

US

California

Japan

EU


1. EU1. EU emissionsemissions standardsstandards forfor carscars

Emissions

Particulate�

matters

(PM)/

Oxides of

nitrogen

(NOx)�

Carbon

monoxide

(CO)

Standard (mg/km) (mg/km) (mg/km)

- Diesel� Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol

Euro 2

(1996) 80-100 - - - - - 700/900 500

Euro 3

(2000) 50 - 500 150 - 200 560 -

Euro 4

(2005) 25 - 250 80 - 100 300 -Fiscal

incentives

guidance

document

(2005) 5 - - - - - - -

Euro 5*

(2010) 5 5 200 60 - 75 - -

-- -

Hydrocarbo

ns?HC)

(mg/km) -

The values shown here are the Commission's proposal from 21 December 2005


1. Emission Standards for New Vehicles (Light Duty) - Asia

1. Emission1. Emission Standards Standards forfor New New VehiclesVehicles (Light (Light Duty) Duty) -- AsiaAsia

•a Entire country

•b Delhi and other cities; Euro 2 introduced in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai in 2001; Euro 2 in Bangalore, Hyderabad,

•Khampur, Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003, Euro 3 to be introduced in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore,

•Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005

•c Beijing and Shanghai

•d Gasoline vehicles under consideration

•e for gasoline vehicles

•f for diesel vehicles


2. Different Fuel Types －Regular Fuel

DIN

FAM A 50 % Toluene, 30 % Isooctane, 15 % Diisobutylene, 5 % Ethanol;

FAM B 84.5 % FAM A, 15 % Methanol, 0.5 % De-ionised Water;

BS/ISO, ASTM, JIS

Fuel A 100 % Isooctane; Fuel B 70 % Isooctane, 30 % Toluene

Fuel C 50 % Isooctane, 50 % Toluene; Fuel D 40 % Isooctane, 60 % Toluene.

Clean Fuel (cleaning agent added)

5% to as much as 30 % cleaning agent. Typically Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)

Diesel Fuel Increasing number of vehicles powered by diesel world wide; Germany as leading

country: 42.5% car with diesel engine in 2005, total diesel consumption is 30 million

tons/y in 2005.


2. Different Fuel Types － Bio Fuel

In Europe, RME Rape-seed-oil-methylester (also called FAME: fatty-acid-methyl-ester); Rape seed and sun flower based.In NAFTA, Asia, South America, Soya, Palm based


3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel

The diesel is degraded after a certain time under high temperature.



Amount of RME degradation at 125°C

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

0,90

Day 0 Day 7

Ac

id N

um

be

r [m

g K

OH

/g]

RME fresh mit 0,1% BHT

RME stored/aged

Spec.-limit

The degradated biodiesel will negatively influence polymer’s aging


-- Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel should be SensibleBiodiesel should be Sensible

e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand 150 C150 C in diesel fuels for in diesel fuels for up to 500 hours are up to 500 hours are unrealisticunrealistic as the diesel/biodiesel itself as the diesel/biodiesel itself would deterioate at those conditions would deterioate at those conditions

-- If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the diesel in the engine is always fresh).diesel in the engine is always fresh).



Therban General performance


Typical Structure and Properties of HNBRTypical Structure and Properties of HNBRTypical Structure and Properties of HNBR

Excellent Oil/Fuel Resistance; Good Thermal Oxidation Resistance

Superior Mechanical Strength; Good Low temperature flexibility

Good processability

H H

H

H

H

C

N

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

HR

0-

5%R= Ethyl Group


Global HNBR Market by ApplicationsGlobal HNBR Market by ApplicationsGlobal HNBR Market by Applications

45%

25%

13%

17%

Belts Seals & Gaskets Cable & Hoses Others


Good Thermal Oxidative Aging ResistanceGood Thermal Oxidative Aging ResistanceGood Thermal Oxidative Aging Resistance

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

HN

BR

-39

HN

BR

-34

HN

BR

-43

HN

BR

-36

Ch

an

ge

in

Pro

pe

rty

Chg . Har d . Sho r e A (p ts .)

Chg . Ulti. T e n s . (%)

Chg . Ulti. Elo ng . (%)

Hot air ageing at 150°°°°C/504 h


Property Change - Immersion in Cecilia 20 (504h/150°°°°C)

Excellent Performance in Engine OilExcellent Performance in Engine Oil

-70

-50

-30

-10

10

30

HN

BR

-39

HN

BR

-34

HN

BR

-43

HN

BR

-36

Ch

an

ge in

Pro

pert

y

C hg . Har d . Sh o r e A (p ts .)

C hg . Ult i. T e n s . (%)

C hg . Ult i. Elon g . (%)

V o l. C h an g e (%)


Stress Strain Immersion in Esso ATF LT71141 (504 h/150°°°°C)

Very Good for Application in ATFVery Good for Application in ATF

- 1 0 0

-7 0

-4 0

-1 0

2 0

HN

BR

-39

HN

BR

-34

HN

BR

-43

HN

BR

-36

Ch

an

ge in

Pro

pert

y

C h g . H a r d . S h o r e A ( p t s . )

C h g . U lt i . T e n s . ( % )

C h g . U lt i . Elo n g . ( % )

V o l. C h a n g e ( % )


Therban Performance in Diesel and Bio Diesel


Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel

Diesel/FAME: 90/10

3439

43

Diesel

Diesel/FAME

FAME

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

80°°°°C3d

∆∆ ∆∆V

[%

]

ACN [%]



Diesel/FAME: 90/10

Therban is a good choice for application in Diesel and Biodiesel

Increased ACN content further supports performance.

3439

43

Diesel

Diesel/FAME

FAME

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

80°°°°C14d

∆∆ ∆∆V

[%

]

ACN [%]34

3943

Diesel

Diesel/FAME

FAME

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

80°°°°C14d

∆∆ ∆∆V

[%

]

ACN [%]


Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Comparison of Therban AT 5005 with FKM

Comp. 1 Comp. 2 Comp. 3

Therban AT C 5005 VP 100

GBL 600 S 100

GLT 600 S 100

N 990 100 50 50

black compound

MgO 3 3

TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC 70) 2,1 3,5 3,5

PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD 9,5 3 3

Physical Properties

Hardness (Shore A) 74 78 78

S 50 (MPa) 2,6 3,3 3,6

S 100 (MPa) 5,5 8,3 9,3

S 300 (MPa) 12,9 -- --

Tens. Stren. (MPa) 12,9 17,6 18,8

El. at Br. (%) 322 245 217

ML1+4/100°C (ME) 70 130 130

t90 (sec.) 442 71 64



-10

-5

0

5

10

Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S

Vo

lum

e C

ha

ng

e in

%

B20 RME 125°C/168h

B20 RME 125°C/504h

-10,00

-5,00

0,00

5,00

10,00

Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S

Vo

lum

e C

ha

ng

e in

%

B20 SME 125°C/168h

B20 SME 125°C/504h

• Imroved stability in RME

• equal stability in SME


Therban Performance in Fuel and “Bio Fuel (Fuel + Alcohol)”


TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel -- Different Fuel Different Fuel Compositions (43% ACN Compositions (43% ACN TherbanTherban Used)Used)

0

20

40

60

80

100;0 95;5 90;10 85;15 80;20 70;30 50;50 0;100

Wt% Change

Fuel C+ethanol Fuel D +ethanol

Fuel C+methanol Fuel D+methanol

Fuel C is more aggressive than Fuel D

15-30% alcohol has more negative effect

Ethanol has less negative effect than methanol

Therban performs well in E85

48 hr @40C


Test of fully hydrogenated grades

Recipe 1 (5008) 2 (5005) 4 (4307)

Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) 100

Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab) 100

Therban A 4307 100

MT THERMAX FLOFORM N-990 100 100 100

DISFLAMOLL DPK 10 10 10

EDENOR C 18 98-100 1 1 1

LUVOMAXX CDPA 3 3 3

RHENOGRAN PCD-50 3 3 3

DYNAMAR RC-5251 Q 8 8 8

MAGLITE DE 2 2 2

ZINKOXYD AKTIV 2 2 2

TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC) 1,5 1,5 1,5

PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD 8 9,5 8

TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers


Basic physical propertiesBasic physical propertiesBasic physical properties

Physical properties within the range of HNBR compounds

Even good Low Temperature behavior in combination with high ACN-content!



Comparison of Standard Fuel to Flex-FuelsComparison of Standard Fuel to FlexComparison of Standard Fuel to Flex--FuelsFuels

Less volume swell through maximum polarity!

Fuels 168h, 80°C

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP

(Lab.)

Therban AT A 5005

VP (Lab)

Vo

lum

e C

han

ge [

%]

Fuel C 168h/80°C

FAM A 168h/80°C

E 85 (Petrol Station)168h/80°C



Behavior in Different FlexfuelsBehavior in Different Behavior in Different FlexfuelsFlexfuels

Improved swelling behavior in modern fuels!

Fuels 168h/40°C

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

45,0

50,0

Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab)

Vo

lum

e C

han

ge [

%]

Fuel C

E20 (artificial)

E40 (artificial)

E60 (artificial)

E 85 (Petrol Station)



Comparison of Ultra High ACN Therban against FKM in modern fuelsComparison of Ultra High ACN Therban against FKM in modern fuels

*Direct comparison to published data:

R. Stevens; ACS 2006, paper # 86A:

FKM 1 ~ 64% F-content; FKM 2 ~ 70% F-content; both peroxide cured

Therban vs. FKM

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

E 85 (168h/40°C)

Vo

lum

e C

ha

ng

e [

%]

FKM 1*

Therban A 4307

Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.)

Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab)

FKM 2*



Summary

1. Therban has very good heat resistance, excellent oil

resistance and superior mechanical strength.

2. Therban grades with 34 to 50 ACN can be used in diesel

and biodiesel application, higher ACN Therban gives less

swell.

3. >43 ACN Therban grades are recommended for application

in fuel, and biofuel.

4. 50 ACN Therban performs very good in E85 fuel.


Thank You Thank You

for Your Attentionfor Your Attention

08. Therban in Fuel Related Applications- Prasanth B.pdf

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Transcript of 08. Therban in Fuel Related Applications- Prasanth B.pdf