08 RA41208EN10GLA0 Dimensioning Tool v02

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Dimensioning Tool

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1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41208EN10GLA0Presentation / Author / Date

LTE RPESSDimensioning Tool v2.3.1

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Dimensioning Tool

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2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41208EN10GLA0

Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

Legal notice

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Module Objectives

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

• List the main features of the network dimensioning tool

• Perform network dimensioning with the help of the tool

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Coverage Dimensioning

Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet

Dimensioning Exercise

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Dim Tool structure (v2.3.1)

• The Dimensioning Tool (methods and parameters) follows RL10 and RL15TD Releases. The tool consist of nine excel workbooks:

– Instructions: General tool info

– Link Budget (LiBu): Calculates the cell area based on the Path Loss for the different clutter types

– Cell Capacity: Calculates the average cell throughput for downlink and uplink based also in LiBu

parameters and outputs ( i.e. ISD)

– Traffic Model: Traffic data is modelled in this worksheet and used in the site count sheet

– Site Count: Site count with respect to coverage, capacity and traffic dimensioning

Uses as inputs the outputs of the link budget, the cell capacity and the traffic model worksheets

– Defaults: Worksheet containing all the default values defined for the Link Budget

– Parameters: System specific parameters (not to be modified by user) plus other parameters used in the Link Budget calculations

– VoIP: Not part of RL10!. VoIP related parameters (not to be modified by user)

– Doc History: Information about released versions

'Analysis ToolPak' in the MS Excel (menu Tools/Add-ins) must be enabled

Otherwise, the ‘set default’ parameter functionality doesn’t work as default parameters are not loaded correctly

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Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet


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Link Budget ModuleOverview

• Link Budget is compliant with 3GPP Rel 8 (TS36.211, 36.212, 36.215v8.3.0)

• Link Budget is calculated based on service throughput defined by the user – Cell range also considers a given service or

cell edge criteria

• Link Level (LL) simulation results from 4GMax simulator– Define a SINR for each MCS

• System Level (SL) simulation results from MoRSE simulator– To calculate the interference margin

Coverage- EIRP

- RX sensitivity

- Other margins (i.e. body loss, gains, interference margin)

Maximum Allowable Path Loss

PropagationPropagation model: Cost 231 Hata, user defined

Coverage reliability

- Carrier frequency

- eNB / UE height

- Clutter specific corrections

- Shadowing std. deviation

Cell range

Site count

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GeneralParameters

Operating Band (MHz) 2100

Flexi RF Unit 20W - Flexi RF Module

UE Power Class Class 3

Channel Bandwidth (MHz) 10

Presentation / Author / Date

Link Budget ModuleGeneral Parameters

• 3GPP TS 36.104 specifies 15 operating bands for FDD

• Dimensioning tool generalises these to 730, 750, 900, 1500,1700, 1900, 2100 and 2600 MHz

• Defined by customer

• 8W, 20W, 40W and 60W for FDD and 20W for TDD

• Default SW license is for 20W (FDD), using any other power has additional SW license cost

• Power is referred to the power at 1 single antenna connector

• Usually defined by Customer

• UE transmit power is defined by 3GPP Class 3: 23 dBm +/- 2 dBm.

• 3GPP TS 36.104 specifies values of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz

• Defined by customer. Note: RL10/RL15D supports 5, 10 and 20 MHz

• Colour Code in LTE NetDim

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Link Budget ModuleTransmitting End

TransmittingEnd

Tx Power per Antenna (dBm) 43.0 23.0

Antenna Gain (dBi) 18.0 0.0

Feeder Loss (dB) 0.4 0.4

Body Loss (dB) - 0.0

TMA Insertion Loss (dB) 0.0 -

Total Tx Power Increase (dB) 0.0 -

User EIRP (dBm) 60.6 23.0

• 0.4 dB if Feederless solution (jumper looses)

• 2 dB feeder solution w/o TMA

• 2.4 dB if feeders with TMA used (2 dB feeders + 0.4dB additional jumpers for TMA). Automatically updated if TMA is enabled

DL: eNodeB

•Automatically updated by the tool when selecting the flexi RF module in General Parameters

UL: UE

•Automatically updated by the tool when selecting the UE Power Class in General Parameters

• 0.5 dB assumed if TMA in use, otherwise 0 dB. Editable from parameters worksheet

• For dual-antenna transmission (transmit diversity) 3dB increase in total transmit power

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ReceivingEnd

TMA- Disabled

Feeder Loss (dB) - 0.4

Antenna Gain (dBi) 0.0 18.0

Noise Figure (dB) 7.0 2.2

Body Loss (dB) 0.0 -

Additional Gains (dB) 0.0 0.0

Link Budget ModuleReceiving End

• Enable/ Disable MHA

• Possibility of considering additional gains or losses. In case of additional losses the number entered must be negative

• Disabling the MHA sets UL feeder loss to 0,4 dB

• This is the noise figure of the MHA (if MHA enabled) or the BTS receiver (if MHA disabled)

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Link Budget ModuleSystem Overhead

SystemOverhead

Total Number of PRBs per TTI 50Cyclic Prefix Normal Normal

Number of OFDM Symbols per Subframe 14 14Reference Signal 4.76% 13.14%

Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) 0.17% -Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 0.17% -

PBCH / PRACH 0.33% 1.20%PDCCH (incl. PCFICH, PHICH) / PUCCH 20.24% 8.00%

- / PUSCH UCI - 1.02%Additional Overhead 0.00% 0.00%

Total System Overhead 25.67% 23.37%

• Number of Resource Blocks is automatically derived from channel bandwidth

• Automatically derived based on the CP length

• Normal /extended cyclic prefix

• Synchronization signal overhead depends on system bandwidth

• PDCCH overhead depends on control channel region width

• Reference signal overhead, depends on number of tx antennas in DL

• PRACH overhead depends on system bandwidth and frequency of PRACH allocation (system parameter)

• PUSCH UCI overhead depends on instantaneous MCS, average value used

• PUCCH overhead depends on system bandwidth (system parameter)

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Link Budget ModuleCapacity

Capacity

Modulation and Coding Scheme 3-QPSK 5-QPSK

Service Type Data

Cell Edge User Throughput (kbps 2048 384

Residual BLER / Number of Transmissions rBLER=10% (1Tr) rBLER=10% (1Tr)

Number of PRBs per User 39 5

Channel Usage per TTI 78% 10%

Transport Block Size for PDSCH/PUSCH (bit/TTI) 2280 424

Effective Coding Rate 0.23 0.32

• The tool automatically selects the best possible MCS for DL and UL (automatic link adaptation) in order to maximize the MAPL for a certain Cell Edge User Throughput

• Two possible options: Data, AMR for different codecs (VoIP)

• Default: Data

• Typical dimensioning cases will be for data. However, customer may required specific dimensioning for VoIP: v 2.3.1 offers the possibility to do the dimensioning for VoIP as cell-edge service. Default in this case is: AMR12.2

• Tool automatically updates the MCS each time a different cell edge user throughput value is entered.

• Recommended value: 10% at 1st transmission because of the nature of link adaptation

• Tool also considers the possibility of BLER 1% and 2% at 2nd, 3rd and 4th transmissions but its use is only recommended in particular cases not strictly related to an RFQ dimensioning (e.g. comparison between LTE and GSM/UMTS link budgets on lower frequency bands or to show the potential of HARQ gain)

• Number of user data bits transmitted to single user during one TTI (1 ms)

• Transport Block occupies two resource blocks in time domain

• Indicates the resource utilization by the user: how many PRBs are allocated for PDSCH/PUSCH

• Defined by the ratio of the Number of RB per User and the Total number of RB available in the frequency domain

• Coding rate applied on PDSCH/PUSCH with respect to the allocated resource blocks, TBS and overheads

• Defined by the cell edge throughput and BLER requirements

• Determines the Number of RBs per User

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Channel ModelAntenna Configuration 1Tx-2Rx 1Tx-2Rx

FDPS Type Proportional Fairness -Number of Users per TTI (Loaded Cell) 1 9

FDPS Gain (dB) 1.61 -HARQ Gain (dB) 0.00 0.00

Required SINR @ BLER10% (dB) 0.55 0.99Coding Rate Offset (dB) 0.29 0.29

Required SINR at Cell Edge (dB) -0.77 1.28 Maximum SINR at Cell Edge (dB) -0.03 -

Cell Load 50.00 50.0050% 50%

Method for Interference Margin Formula SimulationInterference Margin [Formula/Simulation] (dB) 2.38 1.81

Interference Margin [User Defined] (dB) n/a n/aNumber of Received Subcarriers (dB) 27.8 17.8

Thermal Noise Density (dBm/Hz)Subcarrier Bandwidth (kHz)

Noise Power per Subcarrier (dBm)Receiver Sensitivity (dBm) -98.16 -110.91

Channel

-17415

-132.17

Enhanced Pedestrian A 5 Hz

Link Budget ModuleChannel

Link level simulation results available for:

•Enhanced Pedestrian A 5Hz (EPA 05) propagation channel (valid for low speed mobiles in general)

•Enhanced Typical Urban (ETU70) valid for higher speed mobiles

• 1Tx-Rx, 1Tx-2Rx, 2Tx-2Rx possible

• Ratio between total number of RB available in the frequency domain and Number of RB per User

• Two options available : Round Robin or Proportional Fairness

• Recommended option: Proportional Fairness

• Only applicable when using retransmission.

• N/A: normal dimensioning cases where BLER is 10% at 1st transmission (LA target)

• Depends on the required capacity per user

• FDPS Gain table specified for a 10MHz bandwidth. A scaling factor is applied for other bandwidths

• Table specifies the SINR difference between RR case (reference) and PF case (simulated)

• Value comes from system level simulations (SINR tables in the Parameters Sheet)

• Values is for 10% BLER after 1st Transmission

• In order to get the required SINR, the following inputs must be determined: Modulation and Coding Scheme, Number of resource blocks, Antenna scheme, Channel model

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Channel ModelAntenna Configuration 1Tx-2Rx 1Tx-2Rx

FDPS Type Proportional Fairness -Number of Users per TTI (Loaded Cell) 1 9

FDPS Gain (dB) 1.61 -HARQ Gain (dB) 0.00 0.00

Required SINR @ BLER10% (dB) 0.55 0.99Coding Rate Offset (dB) 0.29 0.29

Required SINR at Cell Edge (dB) -0.77 1.28 Maximum SINR at Cell Edge (dB) -0.03 -

Cell Load 50.00 50.0050% 50%

Method for Interference Margin Formula SimulationInterference Margin [Formula/Simulation] (dB) 2.38 1.81

Interference Margin [User Defined] (dB) n/a n/aNumber of Received Subcarriers (dB) 27.8 17.8

Thermal Noise Density (dBm/Hz)Subcarrier Bandwidth (kHz)

Noise Power per Subcarrier (dBm)Receiver Sensitivity (dBm) -98.16 -110.91

Channel

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Enhanced Pedestrian A 5 Hz

Link Budget ModuleChannel

• It compensates for SINR differences between the particular link budget case and the simulated one (link level).

• Defined as: SINR for the effective coding rate – min required SINR

• Required signal level at the receiver compared to noise and interference in order to achieve the desired cell edge throughput requirement

• Final SINR at the cell edge taking into account possible gains (e.g. FDPS gain and HARQ gain) and the coding rate offset

• Obtained from SL simulations (MoRSE SL simulation for 3GPP Macro Case 1 (ISD=500m)

• It represents the 10th percentile of the SINR CDF

• C/I at cell Edge in previous tool versions

• Used as input in the Interference Margin Formula

• Cell load represents the resource utilization in terms of RBs

• Affects the Interference Margin (IM)

• Recommended value: 50% (subject to change)

• In DL, this equals system bandwidth, given in dB

• In UL, the number of used subcarriers depends on used MCS (number of RBs used)

(Value searched from tput-SINR lookup table)

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Link Budget ModulePropagation


Deployment Class

Clutter Type Dense Urban Urban Suburban RuralMaximum Allowable Path Loss (dB)

(clutter not considered)BTS Antenna Height (m) 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0MS Antenna Height (m) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Average Penetration Loss (dB) 22.0 17.0 12.0 10.0Standard Deviation Outdoor (dB) 9.0 8.0 8.0 7.0

Standard Deviation of Penetration Loss (dB) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Combined Standard Deviation (dB) 9.0 8.0 8.0 7.0

Location Probability 848 838 838 734Cell Area Probability 94.0% 94.0% 94.0% 90.0%Cell Edge Probability 84.8% 83.8% 83.8% 73.4%

Log Normal Fading Margin (dB) 9.3 7.9 7.9 4.4Gain Against Shadowing (dB) 2.8 2.4 2.4 1.7

Maximum Allowable Path Loss (dB)(clutter considered) 121.26 127.22 132.22 137.04

Propagation Model Cost 231 / two slope Cost 231 / two slope Cost 231 / two slope Cost 231 / two slope

149.70

Propagation

High End

• Three deployment classes considered: Basic, Mature, High End • Default 1.5 m

• Combined slow fading standard deviation

• Probability for a user to be located in the cell area or at the cell edge

• Also Shadow Fading Margin or Slow Fading Margin

• Calculated using the standard deviation and location probability requirement

• Default 30 m• Cell edge and area probabilities, for single cell and

multi-cell case

• multi-cell case assumes two equal-power received signals with shadowing correlation 0.5

• Automatically calculated by the tool. Computation based on modified Jake’s formula

• Propagation data is included in the calculation

• Base for cell range calculations

• Tool offers the possibility of two propagation models:

- Cost 231 Model (one and two slopes)

- User Defined

• Recommended input: Cost 231/two slopes for all clutter types

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Link Budget ModuleSite Count


CoverageSite Count

Cell Range (km) 0.341 0.549 1.499 7.777Site Layout 3-sector antenna_BW<=90˚

Number of Cells per Site 3Cell Area (km2) 0.076 0.196 1.461 39.310Site Area (km2) 0.227 0.588 4.383 117.931

Inter Site Distance (km) 0.511 0.824 2.249 11.665Deployment area (km2) 50.000 400.000 200.000 350.000

Site Count 221 681 46 3

Clutter Type Dense Urban Urban Suburban Rural

• Calculated based on the modified Cost231-Hata formula for each clutter type

Tool options:

•Omni

•6 sectors

•3-sector antenna BW> 90°

•3-sector antenna BW<= 90° (default)

Additional information provided by the tool:

• Cell area (km2)

• Site area (km2)

• Inter Site Distance (km)

• It allows for a rough site count estimation ONLY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE COVERAGE CONDITIONS, NOT THE CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS.For a full (coverage and capacity) dimensioning refer to the figures in the site count sheet.

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Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet


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Capacity Calculations

• Cell throughputs are calculated automatically in the Cell Capacity Sheet within the Tool

• DL and UL Capacity are calculated based on System Level simulations (spectral efficiency) and LiBu inputs: operating bandwidth, antenna diversity and cell load

• Algorithm calculates the Average Cell throughput (capacity) for a single cell

• Capacity Calculation Methodology:

– Four representative site grids (defined by the inter site distance) have been simulated in dynamic system level environment (MoRSE)

– UL & DL spectral efficiency figures have been gathered for all available channel bandwidth configurations (1.4 … 20 MHz)

– When the channel bandwidth and the ISD are known from the link budget scenario, the spectral efficiency is interpolated/extrapolated based on a look-up table obtained from the simulator

RNT_LTE_Dim is not a simulator, it is only the dimensioning tool. Capacity is estimated under realistic assumptions concerning NSN product specification and feature alignment with RL10

Dynamic sys-level: UE mobility, slow/fast fading, scheduling, Power Control, Admission Control, handovers, etc.

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Capacity Calculations

Inputs

System Level Simulation Results

Output (Average DL/ UL Cell Throughput)

For adaptive MIMO switching the gains are based on UPRISE evaluations and NSN contribution to 3GPP standardization

Spectral efficiency (bps/Hz/cell) differs between bandwidth configurations due to the impact of the system overhead and scheduling efficiency

Obtained from system level simulations [MoRSE simulator] for the case of SIMO (1Tx-2Rx) only

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Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet


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Traffic Model

Tool offers three ways to introduce traffic data depending on the customer inputs:

1. Import traffic from the ‘Traffic Model’ Sheet– Customer Traffic Figures are Entered in the Traffic Model (TM) Sheet

– Customer provides their own traffic model. See next slides

2. Directly enter traffic with the User Defined Option– User calculates traffic figures outside the tool and enters the total average traffic

figures per user in the Site Count Sheet

– Can be used if the customer provides total data figures

3. Use NSN Traffic Model (TM)– If customer doesn’t provide any traffic data.

– It uses NSN Default values. The document describing the default NSN traffic model can be found in: https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Overview/413311463

Scope: To calculate the total amount of offered traffic data in the BH (Total

Offered Traffic)

From site Count Sheet…

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Traffic model module

512kbps/128kbps flat rate subscription with overbooking of 25 (1/25th of subscribers are using the purchased subscription flat rate) corresponds to the Data dominant NSN LTE Traffic Model.

• ‘Flat rate’ is common in RFx documents. Subscription rate denotes for what the subscriber pays and the overbooking factor represents the users actively exploiting the purchased data rate. OF means a throughput reduction

• “Link” field allows to enable/disable a format for a given transmissions direction (DL, UL, both)

• “Downlink/Uplink Data Volume” is automatically recalculated after any change on “Traffic Model” sheet

• Services listed as VoIP, Streaming, Www, etc. are examples of traffic model formats: a set of input parameters for data volume computation

• Since the customers provide this information in very different manner, one should choose the most appropriate format to calculate data volume

Please note how the Average data volume is calculated

The clue is that the bit rate is calculated in Mega Byte

1 Byte = 8 bits -> this is the reason for dividing / multiplying by 8 !!!

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Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet


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Site Count SheetOverview

Calculates the total number of sites required to serve certain area while fulfilling the coverage and capacity requirements

Inputs: • Population and geographical data

• Subscriber distribution

• Site area (from link budget)

• Site capacity based on the Link Budget parameters and simulations

• Average data volume per subscriber for DL and UL

Outputs:• Site count for Capacity (UL and DL) and

Coverage is calculated for each clutter type and for each phase

• Others: – Amount of required FSMx

– Throughput per eNode B

Important notice:

The overbooking factor (modelling for the fact that not all users are active during thebusy hour) is considered only with the imported traffic model!!

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Site Count Sheet

Phase:• Population and penetration rate are

normally customer inputs. Data is usually provided yearly or quarterly.

• Both inputs allow for the calculation of LTE subscribers.

Area Size:• Customer provided input per clutter type

Geographical Subscriber Distribution:• % of subscribers for each clutter type

• Customer provided input per clutter type

• Together with the Area size allows for the calculation of the number of subscribers per clutter type (dense urban, urban,…)

Number of Subscribers:• Subscriber distribution per clutter type

• Calculated as:

Total number of LTE subscribers * Geographical Subscriber Distribution

NOTE: If LTE subscribers are provided directly then, enter the subscribers in the population field and use 100% for penetration rate

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Site Count Sheet

Total offered Traffic DL/UL:• Average Data per Subscriber x Number of Subscribers

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Site Count Sheet

• Site Capacity is calculated based on the number of cells per site and the cell throughputs

• Cell throughputs are the figures calculated in the Cell Capacity Sheet

• Number of sites required for Capacity:

• Number of Sites required for Coverage:

eArea)eaSize/SitRoundup(ArSites=

Capacity) Site / TrafficOffered talRoundup(ToSites =

Important notice:

Please note that in the calculation for the number of sites due to the capacity reasons

The cell load is not any more considered

This is because the cell load is considered already when calculating the cell throughput so it should not be considered twice!!

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Site Count Sheet

Sites (Final Figure)• Total number of sites is defined by the maximum between the amount of sites needed for

coverage -in blue - and for capacity (UL and DL) -in orange -:

– Also calculated for all defined clutter types and phases

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Site Count SheetBaseband dimensioning

• Baseband Dimensioning is a new module in v 2.3.1

• Allow to estimate HOW many sites are required taking into account the HW (System Module) Limitations

• Although current version is for RL10 use, the dimensioning tool contains updated figures for RL20

System Module:Options:

• FSME: high capacity system module

• FSMD: lower capacity system module

• Note: FSME as it is the only one supported by RL10

Product Release:• As the number of supported active users per FSME module (see next slide) changes with the

releases it is necessary to specify the RL.

• Recommended: RL10 ( to be in line with the dimensioning)

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Active Subscribers

• Flexi SM processing power has a strict limitation for the number of active UEs which can be handled

• UE in E-UTRAN RRC_Connected and with DRB (Data Radio Bearer) established but with or without data to be transmitted in the buffer i.e. smartphones with always on applications like IM and mail

Share of active Subscribers

• Percentage of active subscribers which should be handled by the eNB

• Share of Active Subscriber values have been calculated for each of NSN Traffic Models defined in the tool:

– Voice Dominant: 11%

– Data Dominant: 40%

– Voice & Data Mix: 30%

• If a default traffic model is not used user should assume 30% Share of Active Subscribers for RL10 dimensioning


The term refers to the terminals actively using applications as well as those which do not need to be considered for scheduling; Smartphoneswith always on applications like internet messaging (IM) or email

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#Sites (Baseband)• Number of Sites required based on the number of

active users:

Subscribers x ShareOfActiveSubscribers#Sites =

#MaxActiveSubscribers x NoOfCellsPerSite

# Sites Final Site Count:• Maximum figure (limiting) between #

sites needed for DL/UL capacity, coverage and baseband

DL/UL Throughputs per eNB (Mbps/site)

• Based on the total offered traffic and the final # of sites

Active Subscribers

• UE in E-UTRAN RRC_Connected and with DRB (Data Radio Bearer) established but with or without data to be transmitted in the buffer i.e. smartphones with always on applications like IM and mail

Share of active Subscribers

• Percentage of active subscribers which should be handled by the eNB

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Overview

Link Budget Module

Capacity Module

Traffic Modelling

Site Count Sheet


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• Groups of 3-5 persons

• Calculate the number of eNodeB necessary to fulfill the coverage, capacity and HW requirements presented in the next slides

• Prepare to explain shortly the dimensioning methods used, results and the main difficulties you experienced

• Please notice that not all parameters are defined by the operators in these cases. You should assume reasonable values for these parameters

• Exercise based on real RFQ cases although modified to adapt to the training

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Dimensioning ExerciseLink Budget Data

• consider all UEs as unrestricted terminals of maximum data rate, at least assume class 3 terminals

• Load level is defined as percentage of used resource blocks (RB) in neighbor cells transmitting at max. power

• assume Feederlesssolution (NSN preferred) and no TMA

Parameter: Value:

Used DL spectrum 2670-2690 MHz

Used UL spectrum 2550 -2570 MHz

Channel BW 20 MHz

Ant. Configuration 2x2 MIMO in DL

1x2 in UL

3 sectors per site

Transmitted power per antenna 20 W

Power UL Class 3

Jumper Loss 0.5 dB

LTE Antenna Antenna Gain: 18dBi

Antenna Beam width: 65

UE Noise Figure 8 dB

Default COST231-Hata Default COST231-Hata

Cell Edge Coverage Probability 84% (all clutter types)

User Throughput @ cell edge DL 2Mpbs, UL 512kbps

Cell Load 50%

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LTE Subscribers in Region A Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Fixed + Nomadic Wireless 60,000 130,000 200,000

Area per clutter type Target Area (Km2)

Dense Urban Urban Suburban

Region A (Phase 1 to 3) 780 5% 29% 66%

Density of Population Dense Urban (pop/km2) Urban (pop/km2) Suburban (pop/km2)

Region A (Phase 1 to 3) 40,000 12,447 300

• Geographical/Population Data for Scenario

• LTE Subscribers per subscriber type

• Traffic Data

PhasePhase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Total (DL/UL) Busy Hour Traffic (Gbps) 4.6 16.5 25.6

Customer provides total figures w/o detailed specification of any particular application. Consider 80/20 (%) DL/UL distribution of traffic

08 RA41208EN10GLA0 Dimensioning Tool v02

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