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12-1

Chapter 12

Measurement

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12-2

Types of Scales

Ordinal

interval

Ratio

Nominal

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12-3

Levels of Measurement

Ordinal

interval

Ratio

NominalClassification

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12-4

Nominal Scales

Mutually exclusive

and collectively

exhaustive categories

Exhibits theclassification

characteristic only

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12-5

Levels of Measurement

Ordinal

interval

Ratio

NominalClassification

Order

Classification

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12-6

Ordinal Scales

Characteristics of

nominal scale plus an

indication of order

Implies statement ofgreater than and less

than

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12-7

Levels of Measurement

Ordinal

interval

Ratio

NominalClassification

Order

Classification

Order

Classification Distance

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12-8

Interval Scales

Characteristics of

nominal and ordinal

scales plus the

concept of equality ofinterval.

Equal distance exists

between numbers

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12-9

Levels of Measurement

Ordinal

interval

Ratio

NominalClassification

Order

Classification

Order

Classification Distance

Natural Origin

Order

Classification Distance

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12-10

Ratio Scales

Characteristics of

previous scales plus

an absolute zero point Examples

Weight

Height

Number of children

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12-11

Sources of Error

Respondent

InstrumentMeasurer

Situation

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12-12

Evaluating

Measurement Tools

Criteria

Validity

Practicality Reliability

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12-13

Validity Determinants

Content

ConstructCriterion

12 14

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12-14

Increasing Content Validity

ContentLiterature

Search

Expert

Interviews

Group

Interviews

Question

Database

Etc.

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12-15

Validity Determinants

Content

Construct

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12-16

Increasing Construct

Validity

New measure of trust

Known measure of trust

Empathy

Credibility

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12-17

Validity Determinants

Content

ConstructCriterion

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12-18

Judging Criterion Validity

Relevance

Freedom from bias

Reliability

Availability

Criterion

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12-19

Exhibit 12-6 Understanding

Validity and Reliability

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12-20

Reliability Estimates

Stability

Internal

Consistency

Equivalence

12 21

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12-21

Reliability Estimates

Stability

Internal

Consistency

Equivalence

12-22

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12-22

Reliability Estimates

Stability

Internal

Consistency

Equivalence

12-23

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12-23

Reliability Estimates

Stability

Internal

Consistency

Equivalence