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7/21/2019 08 MATERIALES Y METODOS.doc
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CAPITULO II
MATERIALES Y METODOS
2.1. UBICACIÓN DEL EXPERIMENTO
UBICACIÓN POLÍTICA:
REGIÓN : APURIMAC
DEPARTAMENTO : APURIMAC
PROVINCIA : ANDAHUAYLAS
DISTRITO : TALAVERA
LUGAR : ARANJUEZ
UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA:
ALTITUD : 2800 m.s.n.m.
LATITUD SUR : 1! "# $%
LONGITUD OESTE : "! 18# 12%
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2.2. CARACTERISTICAS AGROECOLOGICAS DE LA ZONA EN ESTUDIO
L&s '()*s+'&s m(+(&'&,-)*&s /n s*& +&m&s ( , (s+*-n m(+(&'&,-)*
( An/3,s4 5*& (n (, M*n*s+('*& ( A)'*,+' n ,+*+ 2860
m.s.n.m4 ,+*+ 17 0# 20% 3 ,&n)*+ "7 20# 16%4 s( 9(( (s'*5*' (,
&m9&'+m*(n+& ,*m+*& ( , ;&n s*(n& ,s*<*& ( , s*)*(n+(
mn(':
* Teme!"#$!".
L +(m9('+' 'n+( (, =& >'? &n +(m9('+'s ,+s @( ,,()n /s+
,&s 2.0 !C (n 9'&m(*& 3 s( (n+'( ,&s m(s(s ( &+5'( n&>*(m5'(.
Ls +(m9('+'s m?n*ms ,,()n /s+ ,&s 0.26 !C (n 9'&m(*&
9'(s(n+n&s( (n+'( ,&s m(s(s ( n*& ,*&4 ,s +(m9('+'s +n 5s
9'&( ,s /(,s.
* P!e%&&#"%&'(.
S( 9(( (*' @( ,s 9'(*9*+*&n(s s( *n**n (s( ,&s m(s(s (
&+5'( B n&>*(m5'( ,,()n& n 9'&m(*& ( 2.8" mmm(s.4 ,,()n&
/s+ ,&s m(s(s ( m';& B 5'*, &5+(n*(n& n 9'&m(*& ( 1.0 mmm(s.
* S$e).
E, s(,& ( , ;&n (, 9'&3(+& +*(n( n +&9&)'<? s* 9,n ( +(+'
'*,,&s 3 9 '5,( (s ( 0.0 m. (n 9'&m(*&4 (n n+& m+('*
&')n* (s 9&5'(4 9&' ,& @( s( +'+ ( n s(,& 9(s& ( &,&' m''-n
9&& &s'&4 (s& (s (5*& , 5& &n+(n*& ( m+('* &')n*.
* A+$".
L <(n+( ( ) +*,*;& (n (, 9'&3(+& 9'&>*(n( ( n 9@*, @( s(
(n(n+' 5*& /* (, S' B Es+( ( A'n(;4 &n 5(n , ( 2.1
,+ss() ( 'F)*m(n 9('mn(n+(4 (s+ ) (s &n* m(*n+( n n,
( +*('' 5*('+ 9&' ,&s m*sm&s 9&5,&'(s (, ,)'.
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", C"!"%#e!-#&%" /e) S$e).
S( '(,*;- (, n,*s*s <?s*& @?m*& (, s(,&4 (n (, ,5&'+&'*& ( S(,&s 3
An,*s*s &,*' N*&,s R&,(+% (, P'&)'m ( Ps+&s ( , Un*>('s*
N*&n, ( Sn C'*s+-5, ( Hmn) ,s m(s+'s ( s(,& '(9&'+s
( +& (, '( (n (s+*&4 n 9'&m(*& ( 0.0 m(+'&s ( 9'&<n*4 (
, 9 '5,(4 , +&m ( m(s+'s s( '(,*;- &n ,s +Fn*s ( m(s+'(&
&n&*s
En (, ,5&'+&'*& s( '(,*;'&n (, n,*s*s ( '+('*;*-n s&5'( (
A'(n4 ( ,*m& 3 ( A'*,, 9' (+('m*n' , ,s( +(+',4 9H (,
)4 , &n+*>* (,F+'*4 m+('* &')n*4 n*+'-)(n& +&+, 9*
( m9&4
2.0. MATERIALES:
L&s m+('*,(s @( s( +*,*;'&n (n (, +'5& (9('*m(n+, <('&n:
K L*5'(+ ( m9& 3 ,9*('&.
K Cm' <&+&)'<*.
K R&,,&
K C'+(, ( P'(,.
K C&'(, 3 R<*.
K C''*;&.
E$& 3e!!"m&e(#":
K T'+&' ( *s& 9' 9'(9'' (, +(''(n&.
K P*& 3 ;-n 9' (n m&m(n+& ( , s*(m5' 3 9&'@(.
K *n/ 3& ,(-m(+'&.
K T('m-m(+'&.
K P,>*-m(+'&.
K &,ss 9,s+*s 9' (, m(s+'(& (, s(,&.
K M&/*, ( <m*)'.
K ,( 9' m(;,' (, )'& @?m*&.
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I($m:
K S(m*,, ( P9.
K S(m*,, ( A'>(.
K ('+*,*;n+(s N*+'-)(n&4 <-s<&'& 3 9&+s*&.
K Ins(+**s
2.4. METODOLOGÍA:
L &n*-n (, (9('*m(n+& s( '(,*;- (n (, D*s+'*+& ( T,>(' 3 s(
(n(n+' n ,+*+ ( 2800 m.s.n.m.
2.4.1 P"!" )" &(#")"%&'( /e ) %$)#&5 e &+$&e!( ) &+$&e(#e
!%e/&m&e(#:
1. M$e#!e /e $e) @( s( '(,*;- (n <&'m ( ;*) ;) &9n& +&& (,
'( (9('*m(n+, /*(n& n m(;, /&m&)Fn( 3 '(,*;n& (, '+(&
9' ,&)'' , n+* ( 2 *,&s 9' (, (s+*& ( n,*s*s ( s(,&
(n (, L5&'+&'*& (, P'&)'m ( In>(s+*)*-n ( Ps+&s 3 Gn('? (
, Un*>('s* N*&n, ( Sn C'*s+-5, ( Hmn).
2. Re$)#"/ /e )"6!"#!& L&s '(s,+&s &5+(n*&s '+('*;n @( (,
s(,& +*(n( n ,s( +(+', '*,,&s4 , 9* ( m9& (s (
1."24 ,& @( /( @( (, ) ( '*()& s( *n<*,+'' ,(n+m(n+(.
En n+& s( '(<*('( , (>,*-n ( , <('+*,* (, s(,& s( '(9&'+ @(
(, s(,& &n+*(n( 0.12 ( N*+'-)(n& +&+,4 2.66 99m. ( <-s<&'& 3 6$.2
99m. ( 9&+s*&4 9('m*+*Fn&n&s (+('m*n' ,&s '(@('*m*(n+&s (
<('+*,*;*-n 3 n*>(,(s ( 5&nm*(n+& (&s 9' (s+( s(,&.
0. P!e"!"%&'( /e #e!!e( &em6!" S( +*,*;- n '& ( *s& 9' ,
9'(9'*-n (, m9& (9('*m(n+,4 ,()& s( 9'&(*- s(m5'' ,&s
,+*>&s 9'&9(s+&s.
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4. C7)%$) /e )" /em"(/" /e "+$" 8!e%$e(%&" /e !&e+ L&s +&s
m(+(&'&,-)*&s &5+(n*&s ( , (s+*-n ( An/3,s &m&:
+(m9('+'4 /m( '(,+*>4 9'(*9*+*-n4 (+. N&s 9('m*+*- (, ,,& (
, (mn ( ) (m9,(n& ,s <-'m,s (m9?'*s4 &m& (, (
H')'(>(s &5+(n*Fn&s(:
Q E>9&+'ns9*'*-n P&+(n*, ET&.
Q C&(<**(n+(s ( ,&s ,+*>&s 9' 99 3 '>(.
Q Lm*n ( ).
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9&s+('*&'(s , ,,.
9. I(#")"%&'( /e ) %$)#&5 S( *ns+,'&n (n , 9'*m(' s(mn (, m(s
( ,*&4 s(m5'n& (, ,+*>& ( 99 , >'*( n/n% 3 (, ,+*>& (
'>( ( , >'*( s3%4 (, m9& (9('*m(n+, +>& , s*)*(n+(
'+('?s+*:
P' (, ,+*>& ( 99:
D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s. 0.80 m.
D*s+n* (n+'( )&,9(s. 040 m.
D*s+n* ( +'+m*(n+& +'+m*(n+&. 1.00 m.
D*s+n* (n+'( )'9&s ( '(9(+**&n(s 1.0 m.
P' (, ,+*>& ( '>(:
D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s. 0."0 m.
D*s+n* (n+'( )&,9(s. 042 m.
D*s+n* ( +'+m*(n+& +'+m*(n+&. 1.00 m.
D*s+n* (n+'( )'9&s ( '(9(+**&n(s 1.0 m.
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. A)&%"%&'( /e) R&e+; E, '*()& s( 9,*'&n m(*n+( s'&s 3 (
('& ,&s +'+m*(n+&s4 ,s <'((n*s ( '*()&s 9'((+('m*ns 3
&'(s ,&s ,+*>&s *ns+,&s.
E, '*()& s( mn(- m(*n+( n n, ( +*('' (, , &n? n ,
( 1.0 ,.9.s. (s+( , <( *s+'*5*& (n +'& s'&s ( n s&,&
+'+m*(n+&4 s'& +(n* n ,&n)*+ ( . m+s.
E, , @( ,,(>5 s'& (' ( 0.2 ,.9.s. 3 (, '(s+& s( 9('*- (n (,
m&m(n+& (, >n( (, ) 9&' (, s'&.
E, ) @( (n+'- , s'& s( m**- <&'n& &n n&s '(*9*(n+(s &n
m(*s4 &n+'&,n& (, >&,m(n 3 (, +*(m9&.
<. P"!7me#! /e e5")$"%&'(: S( (>,'&n ,&s s*)*(n+(s 9'm(+'&s
Q A,+' ( 9,n+.
Q Nm('& ( V*ns.
Q R(n*m*(n+&
2.4.2 CALCULO DE LA LAMINA NETA Y BRUTA PARA LOS CULTI=OS DE
PAPA Y AR=E>A.
1, C( )" &+$&e(#e !e)"%&(e e /e#e!m&("!( )" )7m&(" (e#"? )"m&("
6!$#" )" 8!e%$e(%&" /e !&e+:
", Lámina Teórica o Lámina Neta.
( )Pr **
100 Da
PMP CC LT
−
=
D&n(:
LT Lm*n T(-'* - Lm*n N(+.
CC C9* ( m9&.
PMP Pn+& ( M'/*+(; P('mn(n+(.
D D(ns* A9'(n+(.
P' P'&<n* ( R?(s.
6, Lámina Real o Lámina Bruta.
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Eap
LT LR =
D&n(:
LR Lm*n R(, & Lm*n '+.
LT Lm*n T(-'*.
E9 E<**(n* ( A9,**-n 0 .
%, Calculo de la Frecuencia de Riego (Fr).
ETc
LT Fr =
D&n(:
' '((n* ( R*()&.
LT Lm*n T(-'*.
ET E>9&+'ns9*'*-n (, ,+*>& mm? P'&m(*&
2, De#e!m&("%&'( /e) %&%) 5e+e#"#&5 /e ) %$)#&5.
C*,& V()(++*>& ( , P9 (s ( QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 120 ?s
C*,& V()(++*>& ( , A'>( (s ( QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 120 ?s
0, De#e!m&("%&'( /e) @% /e) C$)#&5.
(/ ( S*(m5' QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 10 ( ,*& (, 200
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Cuadro Nº 01: Kc de la Papa
E+9s D'*-n ?s (/ 1! E+9 2 10 ( ,*& , 0 ( )&s+& 0.2! E+9 0 0 ( )&s+& , 02 ( s(+*(m5'( 0."! E+9 0 0 ( s(+*(m5'( , 12 ( &+5'( 1.1! E+9 2 1 ( &+5'( , 0$ ( n&>*(m5'( 0.8
F$e(#e: E)"6!"%&'( P!&".
Gráfico Nº 01: C&(<**(n+( (, ,+*>& ( 99.
Fuente: Elaboración Propia
Cuadro Nº 02: Kc de la Arveja
E+9s D'*-n ?s (/ 1! E+9 2 10 ( ,*& , 0 ( )&s+& 0.
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2! E+9 0 ( )&s+& , 0" ( s(+*(m5'( 0.80! E+9 0 08 ( s(+*(m5'( , 1$ ( &+5'( 1.1! E+9 20 1" ( &+5'( , 0$ ( n&>*(m5'( 0."
Fuente: Elaboracin Propia!
Gráfico Nº 02! C&(<**(n+( (, ,+*>& ( '>(
(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*
4, C7)%$) /e) E#% /e) %$)#&5.
Cuadro Nº 0": Evapotran#piracin Potencial del cultivo de Papa $Etc%
(/
D'*-n
?s
E+&
mm?
E+
mm?D(, 10 ,*& , 1 ( ,*& 22 . 0. 1.8
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D(, 01 A)&s+& , 0 ( A)&s+& 0 .$ 0. 1.$20D(, 0 A)&s+& , 1 ( A)&s+& 28 .$ 0." 2."00D(, 01 S(+*(m5'( , 02 ( S(+*(m5'( 02 .0 0." .00D(, 0 S(+*(m5'( , 0 ( S(+*(m5'( 28 .0 1.1 .$00D(, 01 O+5'( , 12 ( O+5'( 12 . 1.1 .0$0
D(, 1 O+5'( , 1 ( O+5'( 16 . 0.8 ."0D(, 01 N&>*(m5'( , 0$ N&>*(m5'( 0$ ." 0.8 .66 T&+, ( D?s . 120 P'&m(*& (, ET .. .2"
(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*
Cuadro Nº 0&: Evapotran#piracin Potencial del cultivo de Arveja $Etc%
(/D'*-n
?s
E+&
mm?
E+
mm?D(, 10 ,*& , 1 ( ,*& 22 . 0. 1.8
D(, 01 A)&s+& , 0 ( A)&s+& 0 .$ 0. 1.$20D(, 0 A)&s+& , 1 ( A)&s+& 28 .$ 0.80 2.880D(, 01 S(+*(m5'( , 0" ( S(+*(m5'( 0" .0 0.80 .200D(, 08 S(+*(m5'( , 0 ( S(+*(m5'( 2 .0 1.1 .$00D(, 01 O+5'( , 1$ ( O+5'( 1$ . 1.1 .0$0D(, 1" O+5'( , 1 ( O+5'( 1 . 0." .00D(, 01 N&>*(m5'( , 0$ N&>*(m5'( 0$ ." 0." .2 T&+, ( D?s . 120 P'&m(*& (, ET .. .208
(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*
9, L" /em"(/" /e A+$" $e e 6#e(&e!( e( ) /&8e!e(#e
#!"#"m&e(# (:
P"!" A!5e": '( s(m5' 1 m2
T'+m*(n+& 01 1.$ m
T'+m*(n+& 02 10.$1 m
T'+m*(n+& 0 0"."$ m
T'+m*(n+& 0 10.$1 m
T'+m*(n+& 0 1$.$0 m
P"!" P"": '( s(m5' 1$2 m2
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T'+m*(n+& 01 1$.0 m
T'+m*(n+& 02 1.0$ m
T'+m*(n+& 0 1.$6" m
T'+m*(n+& 0 11.1 m
T'+m*(n+& 0 06."68 m
2.9 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS CULTI=OS:
Cuadro Nº 0': Caracter(#tica# de lo# cultivo#
CULTI=O PERIODO =ARIEDAD LUGAR ALTITUD FEC3A DE SIEMBRA
P9 m(s(s Cn/n T,>(' 2800 J,*& (, 200 A'>( m(s(s Us3 T,>(' 2800 J,*& (, 200
2.. TIPO DE IN=ESTIGACIÓN:
s*4 E9('*m(n+, 3 A9,*.
2.<. CRITERIOS DE E=ALUACIÓN:
Ls 9'(,s s( '()'&n 9* ( m9& 9' @( ,&s ,+*>&s +(n)n
n /m( ( 'n+( (, *,& >()(++*>& (, ,+*>& ( , '>( 3
, 99.
L&s 9'm(+'&s @( s( (>,'&n (n (, +'5& (9('*m(n+, (n (, s& (,
,+*>& ( , A'>( <('&n , ,+' ( 9,n+4 nm('& ( >*ns 3 (,
'(n*m*(n+& 3 9' (, s& (, ,+*>& ( , 99 <( (, '(n*m*(n+&.
En , ,*5'(+ ( m9& s( '()*s+''&n ,&s +&s ( , n+* ( '*()&s 3 ,s
<(/s ( '*()&s (<(+&s 'n+( (, +'5& ( (9('*m(n+*-n.
2.. ANÁLISIS ESTADISTICO:
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E, n,*s*s (s+?s+*& @( s( +*,*;- 9' , (>,*-n (, (9('*m(n+& (n
n+& , '(n*m*(n+& ( , '>( >('( (n >*n4 '>( (n )'n& s(& 3 (,
'(n*m*(n+& (, ,+*>& ( 994 (s+ 5s& (n , técnica de la
regresión 5sn& (, m(&' m&(,& (n+'( , '(,*-n ( , <'((n* (
'*()& 3 (, '(n*m*(n+&. E, (9('*m(n+& s( &n& (n (, diseño Bloque
completo randomiado.
P' (, n,*s*s ( , '()'(s*-n (, (9('*m(n+& s( 5s- (n ,&s s&<W'4 @(
s&n (, SAS4 @( n&s s*'>*- 9' , 5s@( (, m(&' m&(,& 3 (, EXCEL
+*,*;m&s 9' , )'<* '(s9(+*>.
E, 9'm(+'& (>,' <('&n ,s F!e%$e(%&" /e R&e+ ms (s
@( n((s*+n ,&s ,+*>&s ( 99 3 '>(4 9' @( 9(n (s''&,,'s(
(m(n+( 3 s( &5+(n)n 5(n&s '(n*m*(n+&s.
S( &n+'&,'&n *n& +'+m*(n+&s &n +'& '(9(+**&n(s 9&'
+'+m*(n+&4 &5+(n*Fn&s( n +&+, ( 20 n*(s (9('*m(n+,(s.
En , *ns+,*-n s( '(,*;'&n , *s+'*5*-n &n 5,&+s 'n&m*;n&
&m9,(+m(n+( , ;'. C n* (9('*m(n+, (s+ &n<&'m 9&':
PAPA:
L&n)*+ (, s'& .0 m.
D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s n/& 0.80 m(+'&s.
Nm('& ( s(m*,,s 9&' )&,9(s 01 s(m
ARVEJA:
L&n)*+ (, s'& .0 m.
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D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s n/& 0."0 m(+'&s.
Nm('& ( s(m*,,s 9&' )&,9(s 0 s(m
CALCULO DE ABONAMIENTO
Re$)#"/ /e) "(7)&& /e) $e)
An,*s*s M(n*&
A'(n 1.20
A'*,, .$0
L*m& 2.20
C,s( T(+', A'*,,&s
9H 8.0
C.E 1.$ mm/&sm
M.O 2.8
N. T&+, 0.12
P 2.66 99m
6$.20 99m
H7 H*)'&s-9* $.80
CC 1."2
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PMP 1".6
D 1.22 )'m 1220 )m
S&,*-n:
1. =)$me( /e S$e):
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )ofundidad AnchoSueloosuelo L HaVolSuelo Pr **arg=
V&,. S(,& H 2000 m
2. Pe /e S$e)
P(s& S(,& H 204000 )H
POR LO TANTO
N. T&+, 2628 )H
E, &(<**(n+( ( m*n(',*;*-n (s ( 2 4 (s+& ( ('& +5, 9&' (,
+*9& ( s(,&.
S(,& 'n& A'*,,&s& 3 A'*,,&s& QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 0.01 Q 0.022628 )H K 0.01 .62 )N*++'&)M*n(',H=&
21.6$ )N*++'&)M*n(',Hm9
PARA EL FÓSFORO
P 99m K P(s& S(,& K C&(<**(n+( P(s& M&,(,'
1000000
18. ) &s<&'&H=&
62.1$" ) &s<&'&Hm9
PARA EL POTASIO
11$6." ) P&+s*&H=&
8.8" ) P&+s*&Hm9
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PARA 3ALLAR CON LA FORMULA DE PRESCRIPCIÓN SE REUIERE
DATOS ADICIONALES.
EXTRACCIÓN DE PAPA. 18 Tn 18000 ) T5
EXTRACCIÓN DE ARVEJA. 2 Tn 2000 ) T5
EXTRACCIÓN DE PAPA EXTRACCIÓN DE ARVEJA
N P N P 8 0 10 12 0 $
U"m 8!m$)" ') %( 8e!#&)&"(#e.
( )3
11* f
f S E Q −=
D&n(: D&s*s ( n+'*(n+(s (n )/
E E+'*-n ( n+'*(n+(s
S A9&'+( ( N+'*(n+(s
<1 Us& ( n+'*(n+(s (, s(,&.N0. P0. 0.$
< Us& ( n+'*(n+(s (, <('+*,*;n+( *n&')n*&. N0. P0.2 0.$
P"!" N.N 12. )/
P"!" P.
P ".8 )/
P"!" @.
Q 1$.8 )/
NIVEL DE AONAMIENTO RECOMENDADO PARA PAPA ES:
N P 1$0 $0 00
NIVEL DE AONAMIENTO RECOMENDADO PARA ARVEJA ES:
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N P 20 $0 00
62