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A A A A A

AA: A A

D. I KHAN

S L

L T

U S M

11800, P P

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T

EFL/ESL E P. T

10 . K

, P

K. T , , ,

. I , (N =120)

. T

A (2000). T

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.

: A , , ,

.

T ,

. I

. S P 1947, . T

. ,

(R, 2000). I P,

. I, P

. I

(K, 2006). I K ,

.

T,

, , ,

8/12/2019 07._khan

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, , 2011 : 2 : 4 A: 7 13096249

/ .. 59

(R, 2003, .3). T

R (2003) , , . T

. T , (.3). C,

, . H,

. A,

,

. , M E (, ME) (2009) :

S

. T . M

,

(. 41).

A, ME (2009)

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P '

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. S,

. M,

E ,

. T,

(ME, 2006).

I , K (1996) T ,

, (.6). H

, , (.6). A ,

(K, 1996, I, 1998). S, A (1994) ...

( I, 1998, .6). I , R

(2003) R ,

, ,

, (.3). M, SPELT (1986)

(.12). A S S (2010) P

. D ,

. K (1995)

.

S (1995) :

C

,

(.11).

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/ .. 60

A, ,

. T

, . I , , ,

, , , , .

A B

A . S,

(ME, 2009, .41). I ,

, P (R,

2003). M,

(C

K, 2004). I R (2003) :

E . T

,

. T . R

. T

. T

.(.4)

I

. M, G (1994)

( R, 2003). H, P

(M, 1999,

R, 2003).

T , P

. H

,

:

1.

?

2.

?

3.

?

T ,

.

F , P , K . T

, .. S B

E K / . C (2002)

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T 1: D F S S T

%

G M

F

56

64

46.7

53.3

A 2030

3140

4150

> 50

4

60

36

20

3.3

50.0

30.0

16.7

S P C S

P B SP G S

91

1712

75.8

14.210.0

C P S E T

S S E T

51

69

42.5

57.5

B D L

O

115

5

95.8

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Q BA

BA E

BA & BE

BC

BC & BE

BS

BS & BEMA

MA E

MA & ME

7

25

8

9

12

8

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6

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6.7

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28.3

5.0

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O

N

4

19

97

3.3

15.8

80.8

T E 15

610

1115

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> 20

25

59

26

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9

20.8

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.8

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E & S

E & O

6419

14

23

53.315.8

11.7

19.2

O A L

N

20

100

16.7

83.3

N = 120

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T

. E .

T CATQ,

L : 1 = S D (SD); 2 = D (D); 3 = U (U); 4 = A (A);

5 = S A (SA). T T 38.

T 36 1 I

. F

T 3 . 1

, 10 (83.3%) 12 (70.6%)

(S T 4 5). B, T 6

73 (80.3%) . F , 51

(79.6%) 44 (78.6%) 1. O , 12

(20.3%) 11 (19.6%) . S, 5

(29.4%) , 2 (16.7%) , 17 (18.7%)

. T, T 3 , ,

.

I , (76.7%) 1

2. O, (21.4%) . F

(81.3%)

(18.7%) 2. 1

, (82.3%)

. O, (17.6%)

2. T (81.4%)

. S

, (17.6%)

. B, (58.3%)

2 (41.6%)

(S T 46). F T 3

. S, ,

.

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T 2: I C A T Q (CATQ)

T 3: R A T A T G (%)

=1

=2

=3

A=4

A

=5

F F

(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1 6(10.7) 5 (7.8) 5 (8.9) 8 (12.5) 1(1.8) 16 (28.6) 20 (31.2) 28(50) 31 (48.4)

2 18(32.1) 27(42.2) 25(44.6) 25(39.1) 1(1.8) 6 (10.7) 7 (10.9) 6(10.7) 5(7.8)

3 28(50) 29(45.3) 15(26.8) 21(32.8) 1(1.8) 3 (4.7) 8 (14.3) 9 (14.1) 4 (7.1) 2 (3.1)

4 16(28.6) 23(35.9) 25(44.6) 30(46.9) 2(3.6) 9 (16.1) 8 (12.5) 4 (7.1) 3 (4.7)

5 3(5.4) 1(1.6) 7 (12.5) 3 (4.7) 24(42.9) 31(48.4) 22(39.3) 29 (45.3)

6 19(33.9) 23(35.9) 25(44.6) 30(46.9) 1(1.8) 1 (1.6) 6 (10.7) 7 (10.9) 5 (8.9) 3 (4.7)

7 9(16.1) 6(9.4) 5(8.9) 2(3.1) 2(3.1) 19(33.9) 20(31.2) 23(41.1) 34(53.1)

8 15(26.8) 24(37.5) 32(57.1) 33(51.6) 4(7.1) 3(5.4) 4(6.2) 2(3.6) 3(4.7)

9 20(35.7) 26(40.6) 33(58.9) 36(56.2) 2(3.1) 1(1.8) 2(3.6)

10 26(46.4) 25(39.1) 23(41.1) 38(59.4) 3(5.4) 2(3.6) 2(3.6) 1(1.6)

11 30(53.6) 29(45.3) 22(39.3) 31(48.4) 2(3.6) 2(3.1) 1(1.8) 1(1.6) 1(1.8) 1(1.6)

12 4(7.1) 4(6.2) 2(3.6) 4(6.2) 1(1.8) 33(58.9) 24(37.5) 16(28.6) 32(50)

13 28(50) 24(37.5) 24(42.9) 37(57.8) 2(3.6) 2(3.1) 1(1.8) 1(1.6) 1(1.8)

14 11(19.6) 10(15.6) 25(44.6) 23(35.9) 2(3.1) 10(17.9) 21(32.8) 10(17.9) 8(12.5)

15 19(33.9) 11(17.2) 25(44.6) 44(68.8) 1(1.8) 1(1.6) 7(12.5) 2(3.1) 4(7.1) 6(9.4)

16 15(26.8) 18(28.1) 27(48.2) 39(60.9) 1(1.8) 1(1.6) 6(10.7) 3(4.7) 7(12.5) 3(4.7)

N = 120

.

1 I .

2 I ' .

3 I C .

4 I G .

5 I M ' .

6 I M .

7 I E .

8 I D E .

9 I E E .

10 I C .

11 I C E E .

12 I S '

13 I F .

14 I S E .

15 I G ' .

16 I 'I' E .

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A

T T 3 76.8 78.1 3 1 2. I T 3

(21.4%) (17.2%)

. A

(82.4% 80.2% ) 3; , 50

(S T 46). ,

21.4 17.2

.

F T 3 (73.2%) (82.8%)

4. O 23.2 17.2

4 5. N,

(75% 80.2%) 4. M, 70.6

. O , (29.4%) , (16.7 %) , (18.7%)

4. F

.

T 4: R A T P B S S

=1

=2

=3

A

=4

A

=5

(%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1 2(11.8) 3(17.6) 4(23.3) 8(47.1)

2 9(52.9) 5(29.4) 3(17.6)

3 7(41.2) 7(41.2) 2(11.8) 1(5.9)

4 8(47.1) 4(23.5) 4(23.5) 1(5.9)

5 2(11.8) 9(52.9) 6(35.3)

6 6(35.3) 9(52.9) 2(11.8)

7 4(23.5) 3(17.6) 10(58.8)

8 3(17.6) 9(52.9) 1(5.9) 2(11.8) 2(11.8)9 7(41.2) 9(52.9) 1(5.9)

10 8(47.1) 8(47.1) 1(5.9)

11 8(47.1) 7(41.2) 1(5.9) 1(5.9)

12 2(11.8) 1(5.9) 8(47.1) 6(35.3)

13 5(29.4) 12(70.6)

14 1(5.9) 6(35.3) 2(11.8) 4(23.5) 4(23.5)

15 1(5.9) 10(58.8) 3(17.6) 3(17.6)

16 7(41.2) 8(47.1) 2(11.8)

N = 17

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I T 3 (93.7 %) 82.2 %

5. O (17.9%) (6.3%) . 5

, 88.2 % , 100 % ,

86.9 %

(S T 4, 5 6). I , 11.8% 13.2%

. F ,

.

T 3 6 I M

. F T 3 78.5 % 82.8 %

. O, 11 (19.6%) 10 (15.6%)

. ,

15 (88.2%) 73 (80.3%)

6. I , 9 (75%) .

T 5: R A T P G S S

=1

=2

=3

A=4

A=5

() % () % () % () % () %

1 2(16.7) 4(33.3) 6(50)

2 3(25) 4(33.3) 4(33.3) 1(8.3)

3 4(33.3) 2(16.7) 5(41.7) 1(8.3)

4 4(33.3) 5(41.7) 1(8.3) 2(16.7)

5 4(33.3) 8(66.7)

6 4(33.3) 5(41.7) 2(16.7) 1(8.3)

7 3(25) 3(25) 6(50)

8 2(16.7) 7(58.3) 1(8.3) 1(8.3) 1(8.3)

9 5(41.7) 6(50) 1(8.3)

10 10(83.3) 1(8.3) 1(8.3)11 4(33.3) 7(58.3) 1(8.3)

12 1(8.3) 9(75) 2(16.7)

13 7(58.3) 5(41.7)

14 4(33.3) 7(58.3) 1(8.3)

15 3(25) 4(33.3) 1(8.3) 1(8.3) 3(25)

16 2(16.7) 5(41.7) 3(25) 2(16.7)

N = 12

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T T 3 (84.3%) (75%)

. F,

14 (25%) 8 (12.5%)

7. I T 3 ,

(81.4%, 76.4%, 75% )

. F T 3, 42

54 4 5 .

C,

.

T 3 8 I D

E . T T 3 47(83.9%) 57 (89.1%)

. O, 5 (9%) 7 (10.9%) 8. D

, 83 (91.2%), 9 (75%), 12 (70.5%)

8 (S T 4, 5 6). T,

.

T T 3 . I

T 3 94.6 96.8

E . O (5.4%) . T . I

, 96.7 , 94.1 , 91.7

(S T 4, 5

6). T 3

.

T 3 10 I C

. I 10,

C . T T 3

(98.5%) (87.5%) 10. O

, 94.6

, 94.2 , 83.3 C E (S T 4, 5 6). T

. C,

T 3,

.

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T 6: R A T P C S S

A

T 3 11 I C E E

. F T 3 92.9 93.7

C E . T

88.3 , 91.6 ,

(94.5%) C E

E (S T 4, 5 6). F T 3,

C E

.

T 3 12 I S

' . T T 3

(87.5%)

. I 82.4

, 88 ,

91.7 (S T 4, 5

6). T

.

=1

=2

=3

A=4

A=5

() % () % () % () % () %

1 7(7.7) 10(11) 1(1.1) 28(30.8) 45(49.5)

2 33(36.3) 41(45.1) 1(1.1) 9(9.9) 7(7.7)

3 46(50.5) 27(29.7) 4(4.4) 10(11) 4(4.4)

4 27(29.7) 46(50.5) 1(1.1) 11(12.1) 6(6.6)

5 2(2.2) 10(11) 42(46.2) 37(40.7)

6 32(35.2) 41(45.1) 2(2.2) 9(9.9) 7(7.7)

7 8(8.8) 7(7.7) 2(2.2) 33(36.3) 41(45.1)

8 34(37.4) 49(53.8) 2(2.2) 4(4.4) 2(2.2)

9 34(37.4) 54(59.3) 2(2.2) 1(1.1)

10 43(47.3) 43(47.3) 2(2.2) 1(1.1) 2(2.2)

11 47(51.6) 39(42.9) 3(3.3) 1(1.1) 1(1.1)

12 5(5.5) 5(5.5) 1(1.1) 40(44) 40(44)

13 40(44) 44(48.4) 4(4.4) 2(2.2) 1(1.1)

14 20(22) 38(41.8) 20(22) 13(14.3)

15 26(28.6) 55(60.4) 1(1.1) 5(5.5) 4(4.4)

16 24(26.4) 53(58.2) 2(2.2) 4(4.4) 8(8.8)N = 91

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T 3 13 I F . T T 3 92.9 95.3

13

. 13

, T 4, 5 6 ,

(S T 4, 5 6). C, 13,

.

T 3 14 I S

E . I T 3 64.2 51.5

35.8 45.3

14. (63.8%) , (33.3%) , (41.2%) S

E . O , (47%) , (66.6%)

, (36.3%) 14

4 5 (S T 4, 5 6). F T 3,

S .

T 3 15 I G

' . F T 3 78.5 86

19.6 12.5

15.

, (89%) , (58.3%) , (64.7%) G (35.2%) , (33.3%) , (9.9%)

(S T 4, 5

6). T 3

G E .

T 3 16 I I

E . T T 3 75

89 16 1 2. O

(23.2%) (9.4%) .

, (88.3%)

' (84.6%) I

E . H, (41.7%) (S T 4, 5 6). T

T 3 I

E . T T 7.

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T 7: M R T R A T

T T 7

. T 56 64 . I

T 18 : (2.23), (2.02), (2.29),

(2.16), (2.02), (1.79),

(2.34). H, T 18

L :

( = 3.98; = 4.00); ( = 3.98; = 4.31); ( = 3.75; =

4.16); ( = 3.98; = 4.19). I

12

. C,

( )

: ( = 3.99), ( = 4.16),

( = 3.97), ( = 4.09) . T 8

.

M R

GR A T

M F

O M

R

C 3.98 4.00 3.99

O 2.23 2.03 2.12

C 2.02 1.97 1.99

G 2.29 2.03 2.15

M 3.98 4.31 4.16

M 2.16 2.02 2.08

S 3.75 4.16 3.97

D 2.02 1.89 1.95

E 1.79 1.62 1.70C 1.77 1.66 1.71

C E 1.59 1.66 1.62

S 3.98 4.19 4.09

F 1.62 1.69 1.66

S 2.70 2.91 2.81

G 2.14 2.19 2.17

I 2.34 1.97 2.14

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T 8: O M R T A T R O

T T 8. T

, . I ,

. M, T 8

. C, T 8

.

A

T

.

, L

: (2.23), (2.02), (2.29), (2.16), (2.02), (1.79),

(2.34). T

: , , ,

. F

; , ,

, . R

, , K, V, B (2007)

:

R A T M

M 4.16

S 4.09

C 3.99

S 3.97

S 2.81

G 2.17

G 2.15

I 2.14O 2.12

M 2.08

C 1.99

D 1.95

C 1.71

E 1.70

F 1.66

C E 1.62

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O . A

. A

(.14).

C, ,

. A I, L, H, (2005)

A

(.610). I , I .

. (2005) C ,

(.612). M

(, 1995; 1990; C, 1998; U, 1996; H, 2003). U (1996)

"... ( ),

" (.38). I

. U . T (R

S, 2002). I , V (2005) M

, ,

(. 100). A

(1996; 2000) , , / , ,

. N,

, . S,

; ,

. F,

'

/ (A 1996; 2000). A A, (1996)

C, (1998), , . H (2003) "

" (.144). H,

, . A

. A (2000) "...

...

". A A ;

MN (2000) ; (1990)

. A C ,

(A, 1996).

A . I 1960' '

' '' (A, 1996; 2000). A A (2000),

"... ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ,' ' '..."(.225). H

, "T " (.226).

S, F . I

, A (1996) , . N,

. I , A (1996)

'

, , , . I ,

, , . A ,

. N,

, , , , , , ,

.

8/12/2019 07._khan

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, , 2011 : 2 : 4 A: 7 13096249

/ .. 73

T

. H, A (1996; 2000) . T

. T ,

(K

P, 2011). I P ,

. O ,

P

. T

. A , ; ,

, , .

C,

. T , EFL/ESL

. S, ,

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T EFL/ESL . I

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C E (://...///)

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C, P.

BAA A A A A

T D R E L S

S L L T, U S M

E L. H E

P S A. H

L I M S

M I L R U (ILRU) S

L L T, U S M. I ,

M . H /, , ,

, /,

EFL/ESL .

D.I KHAN

S L L T,

U S 11700 P.

MALASIA

E. M: @.

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A, J. C. (1996). "T ." I C. N (E.)

(.212228). O: H.

A, J. C. (2000). . C: C U P.

C, A. D. (1998). "S SLA." I L. F. B A. D. C (E.)

,(. 90111). C:

C U P.

C, T. & K, A. (2004, M).

.P ACEAB, N, F.

C, J. . (2002). , ,

. N J: M P H.

G, D., & M, P. (2003). (4

.). B:

A & B.

H, A. (2003). . C: C U P.

I, E. (1998). . (A SPELT/B C

R P). SPELT H, K, P.

I, M. A., L, T. J., H, J. L. & , H. P. . . (2005). T , , . , , (7), 610618.

K, S. N. (1995). .

U MA (R ). D E, F E L. U K,

P.

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K, J. K., V, S. & B, A. . . (2007).

. N : T G P.

MN, T. (2000). . O: O U P.

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R, A. (2003). I P.

, , 36.

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C S R.

U, P. (1996). . C: C U P.

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