06AL51 – MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP · 2016-02-27 · 2) Enterprenuership development- Colombo...

DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MVJCE

V SEMESTER 1 COURSE DIARY

06AL51 – MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06AL51 IA MARKS : 25 HRS/WEEK : 04 EXAM HOURS : 03 TOTAL HRS : 52 ` EXAM MARKS : 100

PART A

UNIT 1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Entrepreneurship, Definition of an Entrepreneur, Evaluation of the concept, Difference between manager entrepreneur, Function of an Entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneur an engineering Class, Entrepreneur Role, Modeb- Examples and case studies, Entrepreneurship in India, Entrepreneurship-its barriers, Innovation and entrepreneurship, Reengineering the Organization, the structures and process of organization. 05 Hrs UNIT 2 BUSINESS PLAN AND MARKETING PLAN : Product description, Capacity a key parameter, Market survey, Analysis of Data , Marketing plans, Technical feasibility, Scope of Technical arrangement, Provision for technical Know how , Technology choice , plant size selection, plant and machineries sources, manufacturing processes-selection, Choice of location. 07 Hrs UNIT 3 BUSINESS PLAN –INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES AND PROJECTS : Layout plans, Land, Buildings and civil works, Utilities- Electricity, water and others if any , Man power planning, effluent treatment and disposal, project cost and computation, means of finance, sources of funds ,Dept equity ratio ,: The key parameter profit statement and tax computation, Debt service coverage ratio, profitability indicators, cash flow estimates, cash flow projects, risk analysis, Break even analysis, financial viability. 08 Hrs UNIT 4 SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY: Definition Characteristics, need and rationale, objectives, scope. Role of SSI in economic development, advantages of SSI, sickness in SSI, remedies to overcome sickness, prospects of SSI, excise duty , central sale tax, value added Tax and service tax, women development, challenges before women entrepreneurs. 08 Hrs

PART B

UNIT 5 GOVERNMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS : Statutory Registration, Legal consideration for SSSI, special categories entrepreneur, Policies affecting SSI, Government policies towards SSI, different policies of SSI, Government support for SSI, during five year plans, impact of liberalization, privatization, globalization of SSI.supporitn agencies of government for SSI, Meaning: Nature of support, objective. Functions, types of help, different schemes: TECKSOL, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSIMC, DIC, single window agency: SISI, NSIC, SIDBI, KSFC 07 Hrs UNIT 6 IMPORT & EXPORT: Information search, statutory registration with director general of foreign trade(GDFT), government formalities for import and export, import loss, duties and taxes, export and import finance, international finance. 07Hrs



UNIT 7 SUPPORT AGENCIES: State and central government department, Research Laboratories and organizations, scheme of Government incentives, sources of finance- private and nationalized banks, Sate financial corporations, venture capital funds, world bank, global warming and carbon credits. 06 Hrs

UNIT 8 BUSINESS CRISIS HOW TO OVERCOME THEM : Evaluating business performance- Ladder of seven crisis, starting crisis, How to steer clear of staring crisis, financial crisis, prosperity crisis, management succession crisis, Planning for survival and growth, Innovational and Indian patents- Types and procedures for trade mark and patent registration 06 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:

1) Enterprenuership , Robert D Hisrich, Michael P, Peters, Dean A Sphard, 6th Edn. Tata

McGraw Hill.

2) Enterprenuership development small business enterprise, Poornima M

Chranthmith, Pearson Publshers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1) Essentials of Management (5th Edition)- Herald Koontz & H Wehrich

2) Enterprenuership development- Colombo Plan staff college for technical education,

Manila TMHcompany.

3) Enterprenuership development- S S Khanka, S Chand and Company, New Delhi.

4) Enterprenuership Development- C B Gupta, N P Stinivasan, Sultan Chand and

Company. New Delhi.



LESSON PLAN

SUB CODE : 06AL51 HOURS / WEEK : 04 Sub : Management & Entrepreneurship Total Hours : 52

No. of Hrs.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

UNIT – 1- MANAGEMENT 1 Introduction – Meaning – nature and characteristics of Management 2 Scope and Functional areas of management 3 Management as a science, art of profession 4 Management & Administration – Roles of Management 5 Levels of Management 6 Development of Management Thought 7 Early management approaches 8 Modern management approaches UNIT – 2 – PLANNING 9 Nature, importance and purpose of planning process 10 Objectives – Types of plans (Meaning Only) 11 Decision making 12 Importance of planning 13 Steps in planning 14 Planning premises 15 Hierarchy of plans UNIT – 3 – ORGANIZING AND STAFFING

16 Nature and purpose of organization – Principles of organization 17 Types of organization 18 Departmentalization – Committees 19 Centralization Vs Decentralization of authority and responsibility 20 Span of control – MBO and MBE (Meaning Only) 21 Nature and importance of staffing 22 Process of Selection & Recruitment (in brief) UNIT – 4 – DIRECTING & CONTROLLING

23 Meaning and nature of directing – Leadership styles 24 Motivation Theories 25 Communication – Meaning and importance 26 Coordination, meaning and importance 27 Techniques of Co – Ordination 28 Meaning and steps in controlling



29 Essentials of a sound control system, 30 Methods of establishing control (in brief) UNIT – 5 – ENTREPRENEUR

31 Meaning of Entrepreneur; Evolution of the Concept 32 Functions of an Entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur 33 Entrepreneur - an emerging Class, Concept of Entrepreneurship 34 Evolution of Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship 35 Stages in entrepreneurial process 36 Role of entrepreneurs in Economic Development 37 Entrepreneurship in India, Entrepreneurship – its Barriers UNIT - 6 - SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

38 Definition; Characteristics; Need and rationale 39 Objectives; Scope; role of SSI in Economic Development 40 Advantages of SSI Steps to start and SSI 41 Government policy towards SSI; Different Policies of SSI 42 Govt. Support for SSI during 5 year plans 43 Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on SSI

44 Effect of WTO/GATT Supporting Agencies of Govt. for SSI, Meaning, Nature of support; Objectives, Functions; Types of Help

45 Ancillary Industry and Tiny Industry (Definition Only) UNIT - 7 - INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

46 Different Schemes; TECKSOK, KIADB 47 KSSIDC, KSIMC 48 DIC Single Window Agency 49 SISI 50 NSIC 51 SIDBI 52 KSFC UNIT - 8 - PREPARATION OF PROJECT

53 Meaning of Project; Project Identification 54 Project Selection; Project Report; 55 Need and Significance of Report; Contents 56 Formulation; Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project report 57 Network Analysis. 58 Errors of Project Report, Project Appraisal. IDENTIFICATION OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

59 Market Feasibility Study. 60 Technical Feasibility Study. 61 Financial Feasibility Study. 62 Social Feasibility Study.



QUESTION PAPERS



06ME52 – DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS – I



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06ME52 IA MARKS : 25

HRS/WEEK : 04 EXAM HOURS : 03

TOTAL HRS : 52 ` EXAM MARKS : 100

PART – A

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION : Engineering Materials and their Mechanical properties, Design Considerations: codes and Standards, Stress-Strain diagrams, Stress Analysis, Definitions: Normal, shear, biaxial and tri axial stresses, Stress tensor, Principal Stresses. 05 Hrs UNIT 2: DESIGN FOR STATIC & IMPACT STRENGTH : Static Strength, Static loads and factor of Safety; Theories of failure – Maximum normal stress theory, Maximum shear stress Theory, Distortion energy theory; Failure of brittle materials, Failure of ductile materials. Stress concentration, Determination of Stress concentration factor. Impact loads: Introduction, Impact stresses due to axial, bending and Torsional loading, effect of Inertia. 07 Hrs UNIT 3: DESIGN FOR FATIGUE STRENGTH : Introduction- S-N Diagram, Low cycle fatigue, High cycle fatigue, Endurance limit, Endurance limit modifying factors: size effect, surface effect, Stress concentration effects; Fluctuating stresses, Goodman and Soderberg relationship; stresses due to combined loading, cumulative fatigue damage. 08 Hrs UNIT 4: THREADED FASTENERS: Stresses in threaded Fasteners, Effects of initial tension, Effect of compression, Effect of fatigue loading, impact loading, shear loading, Design of Eccentrically loaded bolted joints. 06 Hrs

PART – B UNIT 5: SHAFTS AND KEYS: Torsion of shafts, design for strength and rigidity with steady Loading, ASME & BIS codes for design of transmission shafting, shafts under fluctuating Loads and combined loads. Keys: Types of keys, Design of keys and design of splines. 08 Hrs UNIT 6: COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINTS AND COUPLINGS: Design of Cotter and Knuckle Joints, Couplings: Rigid and flexible couplings: Flange coupling, Bush and Pin type Coupling and Oldham’s coupling. 06 Hrs



UNIT 7: RIVETED AND WELDED JOINTS – Types, rivet materials, failures of riveted joints, Joint Efficiency, Boiler Joints, Tank and Structural Joints, Riveted Brackets. Welded Joints – Types, Strength of butt and fillet welds, eccentrically loaded welded joints. 07 Hrs UNIT 8: POWER SCREWS: Mechanics of power screw, Stresses in power screws, efficiency and self-locking Design of Power Screw, Design of Screw Jack: (Complete Design). 05 Hrs DESIGN DATA HAND BOOKS:

1. Design Data Hand Book – K. Lingaiah, McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed. 2003.

2. Design Data Hand Book by K. Mahadevan and Balaveera Reddy, CBS Publication

3. Machine Design Data Hand Book by H.G. Patil, Shri Shashi Prakashan, Belgaum.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Mechanical Engineering Design: Joseph E Shigley and Charles R. Mischke. McGraw Hill

International edition, 6th Edition 2003.

2. Design of Machine Elements: V.B. Bhandari, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,

New Delhi, 2nd Edition 2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Machine Design: Robert L. Norton, Pearson Education Asia, 2001.

2. Design of Machine Elements: M.F.Spotts, T.E. Shoup, L.E. Hornberger, S.R. Jayram and C.V.

Venkatesh, Pearson Education, 2006.

3. Machine Design: Hall, Holowenko, Laughlin (Schaum’s Outlines series) Adapted by S.K.

Somani, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, Special Indian Edition, 2008.

4. Fundamentals of Machine Component Design: Robert C. Juvinall and Kurt M Marshek,

Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2007.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION :

One question to be set from each chapter. Students have to answer any FIVE full

questions out of EIGHT questions, choosing at least TWO questions from Part A and

TWO questions from Part B.



LESSON PLAN

SUB CODE : 06ME52 HOURS / WEEK : 04

SUB : DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS – I TOTAL HOURS : 52

No. of Hrs.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

1. Definitions: Normal, Shear, 2. Biaxial and Tri Axial Stresses. 3. Definitions of Stress Tensor, Principal Stresses. 4. Engineering Materials and their Mechanical properties. 5. Study of Stress-Strain diagrams for different types of materials. 6. Problems on different types of stresses. 7. Stress Analyses, Design considerations: Codes and Standards 8. Introduction to Static and Impact Strength. Static loads and Factor of Safety 9. Theories of failure. Maximum Normal Stress Theory, 10. Maximum Shear Stress Theory, Distortion Energy theory. 11. Failure of Brittle Materials, Failure of Ductile Materials. 12. Stress Concentration, Determination of Stress Concentration Factor 13. Problems on stress concentration factor. 14. Impact Stresses due to Axial, Bending loads. 15. Impact Stresses due to Torsional loads, Effect of Inertia 16. Problems on Impact Strength. 17. Introduction to Fatigue Strength and S-N Diagram 18. Introduction to Low Cycle Fatigue, 19. High Cycle Fatigue, Endurance Limit, Endurance Limit. 20. Study of modifying factors like Size effect, Surface effect 21. Stress Concentration effects, Fluctuating Stresses and Problems 22. Goodman and Soderberg relationship, 23. Stresses due to Combined Loading and Problems 24. Cumulative Fatigue Damages. 25. Some more Problems on fatigue strength. 26. Introduction to shafts and Torsion of Shafts 27. Design for strength and Rigidity with Steady loading 28. Some problems related to design of shafts 29. ASME & BIS codes for Power Transmission shafting 30. Shafts under Fluctuating loads and Problems 31. Shafts under Combined loads 32. Problems 33. Introduction to Threaded Fasteners, Stresses in Threaded Fasteners 34. Effect of Initial Tension and some problems 35. Design of Threaded Fasteners under Static loads.



36. Design of Threaded Fasteners under Dynamic loads

37. Design of Threaded Fasteners under Impact loads. Design of Eccentrically loaded Bolted Joints

38. Problems on joints. 39. Introduction to different types of joints like cotter and knuckle joints. 40. Design of Cotter and Knuckle Joints. 41. Design of different types of joints. 42. Introduction to keys, Types of keys. 43. Design of Keys and Design of Splines. 44. Problems 45. Design of Rigid and Flexible Couplings: Flange Coupling 46. Design of Bush and Pin type Coupling. 47. Design of Oldham’s Coupling. 48. Introduction to riveted and welded joints, types of joints 49. Rivet Materials, Failures of Riveted Joints 50. Joint Efficiency, Boiler Joints and problems 51. Tank and Structural Joints,. 52. Riveted Brackets and problems 53. Welded Joints – Types,. 54. Strength of Butt and Fillet welds 55. Problems 56. Eccentrically loaded Welded Joints 57. Problems 58. Introduction to power screws and Mechanics of Power Screw 59. Stresses in Power Screws 60. Efficiency and Self-locking, Design of Power Screw 61. Design of Screw Jack 62. Problems



QUESTION PAPERS



06ME53 – DYNAMICS OF MACHINES



SYLLABUS




PART- A

1. STATIC & DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS :

Static force analysis: Introduction: static equilibrium. Equilibrium of two and three force members. Members with two forces and torque, free body diagrams, principle of virtual work. Static force analysis of four bar mechanism and slider-crank mechanism with and without friction. 06 hrs

2. DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS :

D’Alembert’s principle, Inertia force, inertia torque, Dynamic force analysis of four-bar mechanisms and slider crank mechanism, Dynamically equivalent systems, Turning moment diagrams, Fluctuations of energy. Determination of size of flywheels. 06 hrs

3. FRICTION AND BELT DRIVES:

Definitions: types of friction: laws of friction, friction in pivot and collar bearings. Belt drives: Flat belt drives, ratio of belt tensions, centrifugal tension power transmitted. 08 hrs

4. Balancing of Rotating Masses:

Static and dynamic balancing, Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing masses in same plane and in different planes. Balancing of several rotating masses by balancing masses in same plane and in different planes. 06 hrs

PART- B

5. BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASSES:

Inertia effect of crank and connecting rod, single cylinder engine, balancing in multi cylinder-inline engine(primary & secondary forces), V-type engine: Radial engine-direct and reverse crank method. Balancing of rigid and flexible rotors. 08 hrs

6. GYROSCOPE:

Vectorial representation of angular motion, basic definitions, Gyroscopic couple. Effect of gyroscopic couple on a plane disc, a boat, an aero plane, a naval ship, stability of two wheelers and four wheelers. 06 hrs

7. ANALYSIS OF CAMS :

Analytical methods for Tangent cam with roller follower and circular cam operating flat faced and roller follower, undercutting in Cams. 06 hrs



TEXT BOOKS:

1. Theory of Machines: Rattan S. S. Tata McGraw Hill publishing Company Lts., New Delhi, 2nd

Edition, 2006. by Shigley, Mcgraw Hill

2. Theory of Machines: Sadhu singh, Perason Education, 2nd edition, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Theory of Machines by Thomas Bevan, CBS Publication 1984.

2. Design of Machinery by Robert L. Norton, McGraw Hill, 2001.

3. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery by J. Srinivas, Scitech publications, Chennai, 2002.



LESSON PLAN


SUB : DYNAMICS OF MACHINES T OTAL HOURS : 52

No. of Hrs. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

UNIT-1: STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS 01 Introduction to static force analysis: static equilibrium

02 Equilibrium of two and three force members.

03 Members with Two Forces and Torque,

04 Free Body Diagrams, Principle of virtual work problems

05 Static Force Analysis of Four Bar Mechanism

06 Slider-Crank Mechanism with friction. Problems

07 Slider-Crank Mechanism without friction. Problems

UNIT-2 : DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS: 08 Introduction of Dynamic force analysis:

09 D’Alembert’s Principle, Inertia Force, Inertia Torque,

10 Dynamic Force Analysis of Four-Bar Mechanism

11 Dynamic Force Analysis of Slider Crank Mechanism.

12 Dynamically Equivalent Systems

13 Turning Moment Diagrams

14 Flywheel

15 Fluctuation of Energy. Determination of size of flywheels.

16 Problems on determination of size of flywheels

UNIT-3 : FRICTION AND BELT DRIVES: 17 Definitions: Types of Friction: Laws of friction

18 Friction in Pivot and Collar Bearings.

19 Belt Drives: Flat Belt Drives

20 Derivation of Ratio of Belt Tensions

21 Effect of Centrifugal Tension and initial tension

22 Power Transmitted in a belt drive

23 Application of Belt Derive



24 Problems of Belt Derive

UNIT-4: BALANCING OF ROTATING MASSES: 25 Static Balancing,

26 Dynamic Balancing

27 Balancing of Single Rotating Mass by Balancing Masses in Same plane

28 Balancing of Single Rotating Mass by Balancing Masses in different plane

29 Balancing of Several Rotating Masses by Balancing Masses in different plane

30 Problems of Balancing

UNIT-5: BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASSES: 31 Inertia Effect of Crank

32 Inertia Effect of Connecting rod

33 Balancing of Single Cylinder Engine

35 Problems on balancing of single cylinder engine

36 Balancing in Multi Cylinder inline Engine (Primary & Secondary forces),

37 Balancing in Multi Cylinder inline Engine (Primary & Secondary forces)

38 Problems on balancing of multi cylinder engine

39 Problems on balancing of multi cylinder engine

40 Balancing of V-type Engine;

41 Balancing of Radial Engine –Direct Method.

42 Radial Engine Reverse Crank method

UNIT-6: GOVERNORS: 43 Introduction of Governor

44 Types of Governors;

45 Force Analysis of Porter Governors

46 Force Analysis of Hartnell Governors

47 Definitions: Controlling Force, Stability, Sensitiveness, Isochronisms,

48 Effort and Power of a governor and Numerical problems

UNIT-7: GYROSCOPE

49 Introduction of GYROSCOPE

50 Vectorial Representation of Angular Motion



51 Gyroscopic Couple Numerical Problems on gyroscopic couple

52 Gyroscopic Couple Numerical Problems on gyroscopic couple

53 Effect of Gyroscopic Couple on Plane disc Aeroplane

54 Effect of Gyroscopic Couple on ships

55 Stability of Two Wheelers

56 Stability of Four Wheelers.

UNIT-8: ANALYSIS OF CAMS

57 Introduction of CAM

58 Analysis of Tangent CAM

59 Circular Arc CAM Operating Flat Faced and Roller Followers,

60 Problems on analysis of circular arc cam with flat faced follower

61 Problems on analysis of circular arc cam with flat roller follower

62 Undercutting in CAMs



QUESTION BANK

01 State and explain ‘D’ Almbert’s Principle. 02 For the static equilibrium of the mechanism shown in Fig 1. Find the required input

torque on the crank AB. Take AB=150mm, BC=AD=500mm, DC=300mm, CE=100mm, EF=450mm, P=250N, θ=75°.

03 For the mechanism shown in fig.2 Determine the forces acting on the bearings due to F6=900N and the torque Ts on the shaft at O2. Take 02A=63.5mm, AB=44.5mm, BC=25.4mm, BD=34.9mm, CD=41.3mm, O4C=31.8mm.



04 A force of 600 N is applied on a piston along the line of stroke of a horizontal steam engine when the crank is at 30o to IDC. Calculate the torque on the shaft; length of a connecting rod is 0.8 m. and length of stroke is 0.4 m

05 Taking the example of a reciprocating engine mechanism, explain how a complete force analysis can be done using method of free body diagrams

06 Define friction and state the laws of solid friction 07 Derive the expression for ratio of tensions in flat and v belt drive. 08 Derive the condition for maximum power to be transmitted by a flat belt drive and v belt

drive considering centrifugal tension. 09 Find the power transmitted by a belt running over a pulley of 600mm diameter at 200

rpm. The coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25; angle of lap 1600 and maximum tension in the belt is 2500N.

10 A shaft rotating at 200r.p.m drives another shaft at 300rpm and transmits 6kw through a belt. The belt is 100mm wide and 10mm thick. The distance between the shafts is 4m. The smaller pulley is 0.5 m in diameter. Calculate the stress in the belt, if it is a) an open belt drive, and b) a cross belt drive. Take µ = 0.3.

11 A leather belt is required to transmit 7.5kw from a pulley 1.2 m in diameter, running at 250rpm. The angle embraced is 1650 and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3. if the safe working stress for the leather belt is 1.5Mpa, density of leather 1Mg/m3 and thickness of belt 10mm, determine the width of the belt taking centrifugal tension in to account.

12 A pulley is driven by a flat belt, the angle of lap being 1200. The belt is 100mm wide by 6mm thick and density 1000kg/m3. if the coefficient of friction is 0.3 and the maximum stress in the belt is not to exceed 2Mpa, Find the greatest power which the belt can transmit and the corresponding speed of the belt.

13 Two parallel shafts, whose centerlines are 4.8m apart, are connected by open belt drive. The diameter of the larger pulley is 1.5 m and that of smaller pulley 1m. The initial tension in the belt when stationary is 3kN. The mass of the belt is 1.5kg/m length. The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3. Taking centrifugal tension into account, calculate the power transmitted, when the smaller pulley rotates at 400rpm.

14 Power is transmitted using a v-belt drive. The included angle of v groove is 300. The belt is 20mm deep and maximum width is 20mm. If the mass of the belt is 0.35kg/m length and maximum allowable stress is 1.4Mpa, determine the maximum power transmitted when the angle of lap is 1400. µ = 0.15.

15 A compressor, requiring 90kw is to run at about 250rpm. The drive is by v-belts from an electric motor running at 750rpm. The diameter of the pulley on the compressor shaft must not be greater than 1m while the center distance between the pulleys is limited to 1.75m. The belt speed should not exceed 1600m/min. determine the number of v-belts required to transmit the power if each belt has a cross sectional area of 375mm2, density 1000kg/m3 and an allowable tensile stress of 2.5 Mpa. The groove angle of pulley is 350. The coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25.

16 A rope drive transmits 600kw from a pulley of effective diameter 4m, which runs at a speed of90 rpm. The angle of lap 1600;the angle of groove 450; the coefficient of friction 0.28; the mass of rope 1.5kg/m and the allowable tension in each rope 2400N. Find the



number of ropes required. 17 Explain the function of a flywheel with respect to a turning moment diagram. 18 A single cylinder, single acting, four stroke cycle gas engine develops 22K.W at 300rpm.

The flywheel mass is 1000kg. Hoop stress developed is 5 Mpa. Density of material of rim of flywheel is 8000kg/m3. The speed variation on either side is one percent of mean speed. Determine ratio of work done during expansion and compression strokes, if work done during suction and exhaust strokes is negligible i. Show that Ke/Ks=2 for a flywheel where ke=coefficient of fluctuation of energy

ks=coefficient of fluctuation of speed. ii. What is crank effort diagram? Where are its uses? iii. The crank effort diagram for a four stroke cycle gas engine may be assumed for

simplicity to consist of four rectangles, arcs of which from line of zero pressure are power stroke=6000sq.mm; Exhaust stroke=500 sq.mm; Suction stroke=300sq.mm; Compression stroke=1500sq.mm. Each sq.mm area represents 10N-m. Assuming the resistance to be uniform find a) power of the engine b) Energy to be stored by the flywheel c) Mass of rim of a flywheel of 1m radius to limit total fluctuation of speed to 4% of mean speed which is 150rpm

19 Define the coefficient of fluctuation of energy and the coefficient of fluctuation of speed. 20 The turning moment diagram for an engine consists of two isosceles triangles. The

maximum height for each triangle represents a turning moment is equal to1000Nm while the base of the each triangle is π radians. If the engine runs at 200rpm and the total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 3%, find a) the power of the engine b)the mass of rim type flywheel concentrated at 250mm radius. Neglect the effect of boss and arms.

21 What are T-M diagrams? What are its uses? 22 A certain machine requires a torque of (1500+200 sine) Nm to drive it, where θ is the

angle of rotation of shaft. The machine is directly coupled to an angle, which produces torque of (1500 + 250 sin2θ) Nm. The flywheel and other rotating parts attached to the engine has a mass of 300kg at a radius of 200mm. Mean speed is 200rpm. Find a) The fluctuation of energy b) The % fluctuation of speed c) Max and min angular acceleration of the flywheel and corresponding angular position.

23 Why is balancing of rotating parts necessary for high-speed engines? 24 Explain the terms ‘static balancing’ and dynamic balancing. State the necessary

conditions to achieve them. 25 Discuss a revolving mass is balanced by two masses revolving in different planes. 26 Explain the method of balancing of different masses revolving in the same plane. 27 How the different masses rotating in different planes are balanced? 28 A five cylinder in line engine running at 750rpm has successive cranks 144° a past, the

distance between the cylinder center lines being 375mm. The piston stroke is 225mm and the ratio of the connecting rod to the crank is 4. Examine the engine for balance of primary and secondary forces and couples. Find the maximum value of these and the position of the central crank at which these maximum values occur. The reciprocating mass for each cylinder is 15 kg.

29 A, B, C and D four masses carried by rotating shaft at radii 100mm, 150mm, 150mm and 200mm respectively. The planes in which the masses rotate are spaced at 500mm apart and the magnitude of the masses B, C and D are 9kg, 5kg and 4kg respectively. Find the required mass A and the relative angular settings of the four masses that the shaft shall be



incomplete balance. 30 Four masses of magnitude 5,6, M, 8 kg revolve in planes A, B, C and D respectively. The

planes B, C and D are placed at a distance of 0.8m, 1.2m and 2.0m respecting from A. The masses are all at same radii. Find the magnitude of M and the relative angular positions of all masses for complete balance.

31 Determine the required input torque an the crank of a slider crank mechanism for the static equilibrium when the piston applied load is 1500N. The lengths of the crank and connecting rod are 40mm and 100mm respectively and the crank has turned through 45° from the inner dead center.

32 Write a note on balancing of V engines. 33 The pistons of a 60° V-twin engine have a stroke of 110mm. The two connecting rods

operate on a common crank pin and each is 200mm long. If the mass of reciprocating parts is 1kg per cylinder and the crankshaft speed is 2500rpm, find the maximum and minimum values of primary forces and secondary forces.

34 What is sensitiveness describe the effect of friction on the sensitiveness? 35 A porter governor carries a central mass 25kg and each ball has mass of 4 kg. The upper

links are 200mm long and the lower links are each 300mm long. The points of suspension of upper and lower links are 60mm from the axis of the governor spindle. Find the speed of the governor for a radius of 125mm. At what speed would the balls begin to move upwards at this radius, if the frictional resistance at the sleeve is equivalent to a force of 10N?

36 Define the terms stability, isochronisms and a controlling force of a governor mechanism?

37 The following particular refers to a hartnell type governor. Mass of each ball is 2 kg, length of the bell crank lever arms vertical is 100mm, horizontal arms 50mm, the distance of the fulcrum of each bell crank lever from the axis of rotation is 90mm. Maximum and minimum radius of the governor balls are 120mm and 80mm. The minimum equilibrium speed is to be 300rpm and the maximum equilibrium speed is 5% greater than this. Find the stiffness of the spring and the equilibrium speed when the radius of rotation of the balls is 100mm.

38 Sketch the controlling force curves for a spring loaded governor to correspond to a) stable governor b) isochroous c) unstable governor

39 Classify the different types of governors and explain briefly with a neat sketch. 40 What does hunting of governors mean? 41 Differentiate clearly between a flywheel and a governor with respect to speed control. 42 Each arm of a porter governor is 300mm long and is pivoted on the axis of the rotation.

Each ball has a mass of 6kg and the mass of the sleeve is 18kg. The radius rotation of the ball is 200mm when the governor begins to lift and 250mm when the speed is maximum. Determine the maximum and minimum speed of the governor.

43 In a spring-loaded governor of hartnell type, mass of each ball is 5 kg. Lengths of the ball arm and sleeve arm of right-angled bell crank lever are 150mm and 120 mm respectively. Distance of fulcrum from governor axis is 150mm. The equilibrium speed of the governor at 100mm radius of rotation is 300rpm. There is an increase of 1% of speed when the radius of rotation of balls is increased by 2.5 cm when friction is neglected. Determine a) Rate of spring b) compression of spring at 300rpm.

44 Explain the principle of a gyroscope.



45 Derive an expression for the gyroscopic couple of a plane disc. 46 A disc weighing 50N and a diameter of 300mm is mounted on one end of an arm of

length 600mm. The other end of the arm is free to rotate in a universal bearing. If the disc spins at 300rpm anticlockwise looking from the universal bearing side, determine its annular speed of precession about the vertical axis.

47 A disc with radius of gyration 60mm and a mass of 4 kg is mounted centrally on a horizontal axle of 80mm length between the bearings. It spins about the axle at 800rpm counterclockwise when viewed from the right hand side bearing. The axle processes about a vertical axis at 50rpm. Determine the resultant reaction at each bearing due to the mass and gyroscopic effect.

48 Discuss the stability analysis of a four-wheeler negotiating a curve by showing all the reactions at the wheels and derive the condition for stability.

49 Explain the terms steering, pitching and rolling in a ship. Discuss their gyroscopic effect. 50 The mass of rotor of a motor used for electric traction is 500kg and has radius of gyration

of 0.2m. The motor shaft is parallel to the axles of the track wheels and is supported to bearings spaced 0.8m apart. The rotor is midway between the bearings and runs at 1500-rpm c.c.w when viewed from right side bearing. The speed of the train is 60kmph. Determine the reactions on the bearings when the train traverses a curve of 150m radius leftwards.

51 The rotor of a marine engine has a mass of 1 tonne and radius of gyration of 300mm. The rotor rotates at 1500rpm in clockwise direction when looking from the bow. Determine the gyroscopic couple and state its effect on the ship by means of vector diagrams in the following cases i. Ship is steering at a speed of 40 kmph and takes left turn around a circular path of

200m radius ii. Ship rolls and at a certain instant it has an angular velocity of 0.5 rad /sec when

viewed from rear 52 For a tangent cam with circular nose and roller follower prove that the velocity of the

follower is given by: v = ω(r+r1) sinθ / cos2θ where r = Minimum radius of the cam, r1 = Roller radius, θ = Any angle by which cam has rotated, ω = the uniform angular velocity of the cam

53 Following data is related to a symmetrical circular arc cam operating a flat-faced follower Least radius of the cam = 27.5 mm; total lift =12.5mm; angle of lift = 55o; nose radius = 3mm; speed of the cam = 600 rpm Find: i. Distance between cam center and nose centers, ii. Radius of circular flank and iii. Angle of contact on the circular flank

54 Following data is related to a symmetrical circular arc cam operating a flat-faced follower Least radius of the cam = 30 mm; total lift =20mm; angle of lift = 7; nose radius = 5mm; speed of the cam = 300 rpm Find: i. Distance between cam center and nose centers, ii. Radius of circular flank and iii. Angle of contact on the circular flank

55 A symmetrical tangent cam with a least radius of 25 mm operates a roller follower of radius 10 m. the angle of ascent is 60o and total lift is 15 mm. if the speed of the cam is 400 rpm, then calculate:



i. The principal dimensions of the cam i.e. the distance between the cam center and nose center; nose radius and angle of contact of cam with straight flank and

ii. The acceleration of the follower at the beginning of the lift, where the roller just touches the nose and at the apex of the circular nose. Assume that there is no dwell between ascent and decent

56 For a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, find: i. The distance between the cam center and nose center nose radius ii. Angle of contact of cam with straight flank iii. The acceleration of the follower at the beginning of the lift, where the roller just

touches the nose and at the apex of the circular nose, if the least radius of the cam = 30mm; roller radius = 17.5 mm; angle of ascent = 75o and total lift = 17.5 mm. the speed of the camshaft is 300 rpm. Assume that there is no dwell between ascent and decent



06ME54 – ENERGY ENGINEERING



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06ME54 IA MARKS : 25 HRS/WEEK : 04 EXAM HOURS : 03 TOTAL HRS : 52 ` EXAM MARKS : 100

PART-A

UNIT 1 STEAM POWER PLANT : Different types of fuels used for steam generation, Equipment for burning coal in lump form, strokers, different types, Oil burners, Advantages and Disadvantages of using pulverized fuel, Equipment for preparation and burning of pulverized coal, unit system and bin system. Pulverized fuel furnaces, cyclone furnace, Coal and ash handling, Generation of steam using forced circulation, high and supercritical pressures, A brief account of Benson, Velox, Schmidt steam generators. Chimneys: Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft, Calculations involving height of chimney to produce a given draft. Cooling towers and Ponds. Accessories for the Steam generators such as Superheaters, Desuperheater, control of superheaters, Economizers, Air pre-heaters and re-heaters. 08 Hrs UNIT-2. DIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT : Applications of Diesel Engines in Power field. Method of starting diesel engines, cooling and lubrication system for the diesel engine. Fulters, centrifuges, Oil heaters, Intake and exhaust system, Layout of diesel power plant. 06 Hrs UNIT-3 HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANTS : Storage and pondage, flow duration and mass curves, hydrographs, low, medium and high head plants, pumped storage plants, Penstock, water hammer, surge tanks, gates and valves, power house general layout. A brief description of some of the important Hydel Installations in India. 06 Hrs UNIT-4 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT : Principles of release of nuclear energy Fusion and fission reactions. Nuclear fuels used in the reactors. Multiplication and thermal utilization factors. Elements of the nuclear reactor, moderator, control rod, fuel rods, coolants. Brief description of reactors of the following types-Pressurized water reactor, Boiling water reactor, Sodium graphite reactor, Fast Breeder reactor, Homogeneous graphite reactor and gas cooled reactor, Tradition hazards, Shieldings, Radio active waste disposal. 06 Hrs



PART-B

UNIT-5 SOLAR ENERGY: Solar radiation outside the earth’s atmosphere, Solar Radiation at the earth surface, Pyrometers, working principles of Solar flat plate collectors, solar air heaters, thermal energy storage, solar pond and photovoltaic conversion. WIND ENERGY: Properties of wind, availability of wind energy in India, wind velocity and power from wind; major problems associated with wind power, wind machines; Types of wind machines and their characteristics, horizontal and vertical axis wind mills, elementary design principles; coefficient of performance of a wind mill rotor, aerodynamic considerations of wind mill design, numerical examples. 08 Hrs UNIT-6 TIDAL POWER: Tides and waves as energy suppliers and their mechanics; fundamental characteristics of tidal power, harnessing tidal energy, limitations. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Principle of working, Rankine cycle, OTEC power stations in the world, problems associated with OTEC. Geothermal Energy Conversion: Principle of working, types of geothermal station with schematic diagram, geothermal plants in the world, problems associated with geothermal conversion, scope of geothermal energy. 06 Hrs UNIT-7 ENERGY FROM BIO MASS: Photosynthesis, photosynthetic oxygen production, energy plantation, bio gas production from organic wastes by anaerobic fermentation, description of bio gas plants, transportation of bio-gas, problems involved with bio-gas production, application of bio-gas, application of bio-gas engines, advantages. 06 Hrs UNIT-8 ADDITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES: Fuel cells, hydrogen energy, Magnetohydro dynamic (MHD) Power Conversion, Thermoelectric Power Conversion and ThermPower Conversion. 06 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Power Plant Engineering, P.K.Nag Tata McGraw Hill 2nd edn 2001.

2. Non conventional resources: B H Khan TMH - 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Power Plant Engineering by R.K.Rajput, Laxmi publication, New Delhi.

2. Principles of Energy conversion, A.W.Culp Jr., McGraw Hill. 1996

3. Power Plant Engineering by Domakundawar, Dhanpath Rai sons. 2003

4. Non conventional Energy sources by G D Rai Khanna Publishers.



LESSON PLAN


SUB : ENERGY ENGINEERING T OTAL HOURS : 52

No. of Hrs. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

1. UNIT 1 Different types of fuels used for steam generation, 2. Equipment for burning coal in lump form, strokers, different types, 3. Oil burners, Advantages and Disadvantages of using pulverized fuel 4. Equipment for preparation and burning of pulverized coal, 5. unit system and bin system. Pulverized fuel furnaces, 6. Cyclone furnace, Coal and ash handling, 7. Generation of steam using forced circulation, 8. high and supercritical pressures, A brief account of Benson, Velox, 9. Schmidt steam generators. Chimneys: Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft, 10. Calculations involving height of chimney to produce a given draft. 11. Cooling towers and Ponds. such as Super heaters, 12. Desuperheater, control of super heaters, 13. Economizers, Air pre-heaters and re-heaters. Accessories for the Steam generators 14. UNIT -2. Applications of Diesel Engines in Power field. 15. Method of starting diesel engines, Layout of diesel power plant 16. Cooling and lubrication system for the diesel engine. 17. Filters, centrifuges, Oil heaters, 18. Intake and exhaust system, 19. UNIT -3 Storage and pondage, flow duration and mass curves, 20. Hydrographs, low 21. ,Hydrographs, medium and high head plants 22. Penstock, water Hammer 23. surge tanks, gates and valves 24. Power house general layout pumped storage plants

25. A brief description of some of the important Hydel Installations in India.

26. UNIT -4 Principles of release of nuclear energy Fusion and fission reactions. 27. Nuclear fuels used in the reactors Multiplication and thermal utilization factors. 28. Elements of the nuclear reactor, moderator, control rod, fuel rods, coolants 29. Brief description of reactors of the following types-Pressurized water reactor, 30. Boiling water reactor 31. Sodium graphite reactor, Fast Breeder reactor, 32. Multiplication and thermal utilization factors.

33. Homogeneous graphite reactor and gas cooled reactor Tradition hazards, Shielding, Radio active waste disposal

34. UNIT -5 Solar radiation outside the earth’s atmosphere, 35. Solar Radiation at the earth surface, Pyrometers, 36. Working principles of Solar flat plate collectors 37. Solar pond and photovoltaic conversion. solar air heaters, thermal energy storage,



38. Properties of wind, availability of wind energy in India, wind velocity and 39. Power from wind; major problems associated with wind power, wind machines 40. Types of wind machines and their characteristics, 41. Horizontal and vertical axis wind mills, elementary design principles; 42. Coefficient of performance of a wind mill rotor, 43. Aerodynamic considerations of wind mill design, numerical examples. 44. UNIT -6 Tidal Power Tides and waves as energy suppliers and their mechanics; 45. Problems associated with OTEC. 46. Harnessing tidal energy, limitations. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: 47. Principle of working, Rankine cycle, OTEC power stations in the world 48. Geothermal Energy Conversion: Principle of working Scope of geothermal energy 49. Types of geothermal station with schematic diagram, 50. Geothermal plants in the world 51. problems associated with geothermal conversion 52. UNIT -7 Energy from Bio Mass:Energy from Bio Mass: 53. Photosynthesis, photosynthetic oxygen production, energy plantation, 54. Bio gas production from organic wastes by anaerobic fermentation, 55. Description of bio gas plants, transportation of bio-gas, 56. Problems involved with bio-gas production, 57. Application of bio-gas engines, advantages 58. UNIT -8 Additional Energy Sources Fuel cells, 59. Hydrogen energy, 60. Thermo Power Conversion 61. Magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) Power Conversion, 62. Thermoelectric Power Conversion



QUESTION PAPERS



06ME55 – TURBO MACHINES



SYLLABUS




PART A

1. INTRODUCTION : Definition of a turbo machine Parts of a Turbo machine Comparison with positive displacement machine Classification Dimensionless parameters and their physical significance Effect of Reynolds number Specific speed Illustrative examples on dimensional analysis and model studies 06 hrs

2. ENERGY TRANSFER IN TURBO MACHINES:

Euler Turbine equation Alternate form of Euler turbine equation – components of energy transfer Degree of reaction General analysis of a turbo machine – effect of blade discharge angle on energy transfer and degree of reaction General analysis of centrifugal pumps and compressors Effect of blade discharge angle on performance Theoretical head-capacity relationship. 06 hrs

3. GENERAL ANALYSIS OF TURBO MACHINE :

General analysis of axial flow compressors and pumps – general expression for degree of reaction Velocity triangles for different values of degree of reaction General analysis of turbines – Utilization factor Vane efficiency Relation between utilization factor and degree of reaction: condition for maximum utilization factor– optimum blade speed ratio for different types of turbines 07 hrs

4. THERMODYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSION AND

EXPANSION PROCESS: Sonic Velocity and Mach number, Classification of fluid flow based on Mach number Stagnation and static properties and their relations Compression process – Overall isentropic efficiency of compression Stage efficiency Comparison and relation between overall efficiency and stage efficiency Polytropic efficiency Pre heat factor Expansion Process – Overall isentropic efficiency for a turbine Stage efficiency for a turbine Comparison and relation between stage efficiency and overall efficiency for expansion process Poly tropic efficiency of expansion Reheat factor for expansion process 07 hrs

PART B

5. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS: Centrifugal Compressors Classification Expression for overall pressure ratio developed Blade angles at impeller eye tip Slip factor and power input factor Width of the impeller channel Compressibility effect-need for pre-whirl vanes Diffuser design: -Flow in the vane less space, determination of diffuser inlet vane angle, width and length of the diffuser passages Surging of centrifugal compressors



AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR: Classification Expression for Pressure ratio developed per stage-work done factor Redial equilibrium conditions Determination of air angle distribution with respect to blade height using free vortex flow theory and constant reaction theory Blade design procedure using single air foil theory and cascade theory (No problems on blade design) 07hrs

6. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: Definition of terms used in the design of centrifugal pumps like manometric head, suction head, delivery head, manometric efficiency, hydraulic efficiency, volumetric efficiency, overall efficiency, multistage centrifugal pumps design procedure. 05 hrs

7. STEAM AND GAS TURBINES:

Impulse Staging and need for compounding Velocity and pressure compounding Condition for maximum utilization factor for multi stage turbine with equiangular blades Effects of Blade Nozzle losses Reaction staging Analysis of Axila flow gas turbine. Velocity triangle, estimation of stage performance. 07hrs

8. HYDRAULIC TURBINES: Classification Unit Quantities Pelton Wheel Velocity Triangles, Bucket dimensions, turbine efficiency, volumetric efficiency Francis turbine-velocity triangles, runner shapes for different blade speeds, Design of Francis turbine Draft tube-function Types of draft tubes Kaplan and Propeller turbines-Velocity triangles and design parameter. 07 hrs

TEXT BOOKS:

1. An Introduction to energy conversion, Vol III – Turbo Machinery, V. Kdambi and Manohar

Prasad, Wiley Eastern Ltd.1977

2. A Treastise on Turbo Machines, G Gopalakrishnan, & D Prithviraj scitech Publications Pvt

Ltd. 2002

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Principles of Turbo Machinery DG Shepherd, The Mamillan Co. 1964.

2. Gas Turbine Theory H. Cohen, GFC Rogers, & HIH Saravanamuttoo, Thomson Press 1998

3. Gas Turbines V Ganesan, Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. 2002

4. Turbines Compressors & Fans SM Yahya, Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd. 2002

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION:

One question to be set from each chapter, students have to answer any five full questions out

of eight questions, choosing at least two questions from part A and two question from part B.



LESSON PLAN


SUB : TURBO MACHINES TOTAL HOURS : 52

No. of Hrs.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

UNIT - 1 Introduction

1. Definition of a turbo machine, Parts , Comparison with positive displacement machine

2. Classification, Application of first & second law to turbo machines, Efficiencies 3. Dimensionless parameters and their physical significance, 4. Effect of Reynolds number, specific speed 5. Problems 6. Problems 7. UNIT - 2 Energy Transfer in Turbo Machine 8. Euler Turbine equation, alternate form of Euler turbine equation 9. Components of energy transfer, Degree of reaction

10. General analysis of a turbo machine - effect of blade discharge angle on energy transfer and degree of reaction

11. General analysis of Centrifugal pump & Compressors - Effect of blade discharge angle on performance, Theoretical head – capacity relationship,

12. Problems 13. Problems 14. UNIT - 3 General Analysis of Turbo Machines 15. Axial flow compressors and pumps- expression for degree of reaction, 16. velocity triangles for different values of degree of reaction

17. General analysis of axial & radial flow turbines – Utilization factor, Vane Efficiency.

18. Relation between utilization factor and degree of reaction, condition for maxi utilization factor,

19. Optimum blade speed ratio for different types of turbines 20. Problems 21. Problems 22. Problems

23. UNIT - 4 Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow and Thermodynamic Analysis of Compression and Expansion Processes

24. Sonic velocity and Mach number ; Classification based on Mach number, Stagnation and static properties and their relations

25. Compression process - Overall isentropic efficiency of compression, 26. Stage efficiency

27. Regular monthly income by wearing your shorts at the comfort of your home for mor



28. Compression between overall efficiency & stage efficiency 29. Compression between overall efficiency & stage efficiency

30. Poly tropic efficiency, Preheat factor, Expansion Process - overall isentropic efficiency for a turbine, stage efficiency for a turbine

31. Compression between overall efficiency & stage efficiency for expansion process 32. Reheat factor for expansion process 33. Problems 34. Problems 35. UNIT - 5 Centrifugal Compressors & Axial flow Compressors 36. Classification, Expression for Pressure ratio developed 37. Blade angles at impeller eye root and eye tip, , , 38. slip factor & power input factor 39. width of the impellor channel 40. Compressibility effect - need for pre-whirl vanes,

41. Diffuser design - flow in the vane less space, determination of diffuser inlet vane angle, width and length of the diffuser passages

42. Surging of centrifugal compressors, , 43. Axial flow Compressors- classification

44. Expression for Pressure ratio developed per stage, work done factor, radial equilibrium conditions

45. Problems 46. Problems 47. UNIT - 6 Centrifugal Pumps

48. Definition of terms used in the design of centrifugal pumps like manometric head, suction head, delivery head, pressure rise,

49. Manometric efficiency, Hydraulic efficiency, volumetric efficiency, overall efficiency

50. Multistage centrifugal pumps, minimum starting speed 51. Slip, priming cavitations, NPSH 52. UNIT - 7 Steam Turbines

53. Classification, Single stage impulse turbine, condition for maximum blade efficiency, stage efficiency

54. Compounding - need for compounding, methods of compounding

55. Condition for maximum utilization factor for multi stage turbine with equiangular blades;

56. Effects of Blade and Nozzle losses, Parson's reaction turbine, condition for maximum blade efficiency, Reaction Staging

57. UNIT - 8 Hydraulic Turbines 58. Classification, Pelton Turbine- velocity Triangle, Design parameters 59. Turbine efficiency, Volumetric Efficiency, Francis turbine - Velocity Triangle 60. Runner shapes for different blade speeds, Design of Francis turbine 61. Draft tube- function, types of draft tubes; 62. Kaplan and Propeller turbines - velocity triangles and design, parameters



QUESTION BANK

01 Define a turbo machine. How are turbo machines classified? Give examples 02 Give a comparison between turbo machines and positive displacement machine 03 Starting from the first law, derive an expression for the work output of a turbo machine in

terms of properties at inlet and out let 04 Define and explain the following with reference to a work absorbing turbo machine (a)

Mechanical efficiency (b) Hydraulic efficiency (c) Volumetric efficiency 05 Derive an expression for angular momentum equation and arrive at Eular’s turbine

equation 06 Derive the Euler’s turbine equation and State the assumptions? 07 For a Pelton turbine, draw the general form of velocity triangles and obtain an expression

for maximum efficiency. 08 Explain the process of governing of the Pelton turbine, using a neat sketch 09 What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine 10 What is a hydraulic turbine and how are hydraulic turbines classified 11 Give the comparison between impulse and reaction turbine 12 With the help of neat diagram explain the construction and working of a Pelton wheel

turbine 13 Derive an expression for hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton wheel 14 Show that the hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton wheel is maximum when peripheral wheel

velocity is half the absolute velocity of the jet at inlet. Further show that (ηb)maximum= (1+KCosφ )/2where K is friction factor

15 At a power station, Pelton turbine produces 23100KW of power under a head of 1770m, while running at 750rpm. Evaluate, for the turbine (a) number of jets and jet diameter (b) mean diameter of the runner (c) the number of buckets. Assume that the nozzle velocity coefficient is 0.98, the speed ratio is 0.46 and the overall turbine efficiency is 0.85

16 The three jet Pelton turbine is required to generate 10,000KW under a net head of 400m. the blade angle at outlet is 150 and the reduction in the relative velocity while passing over the blade is 5%. If the overall efficiency of the wheel is 80% Cv= 0.98 and speed ratio =0.46 then find (a) the diameter of the jet (b) total flow in m3 /s (c) the force exerted by the jet on the bucket

17 A Pelton wheel is receiving water from a penstock with a gross head of 510m. One-third of gross head is lost in friction in the penstock. The rate of flow through the nozzle fitted at the end of the penstock is 2.2m3/s. the angle of deflection of the jet is 1650. Determine the (a) the power given by water to the runner (b) Hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton wheel, take Cv=1.0 and speed ratio = 0.46

18 The water available for a Pelton wheel is 4m3/s and the total head from reservoir to the nozzle is 250m. The turbine has two runners with two jets per runner. All the jets have the same diameters. The pipe is 3Km long. The efficiency of transmission through the pipe line and the nozzle is 91% and efficiency of each runner is 90%. The velocity coefficient of each nozzle is 0.975 and coefficient of friction ‘4f’ for the pipe line is 0.0045. Determine (a) The power developed by the turbine (b) The diameter of the jet (c) The diameter of the pipe line



19 Define the specific speed of a turbine A Derive an expression for the specific speed of a

turbine. 20 Sketch a Kaplan turbine and indicate all the parts. 21 A Kaplan turbine produces 30,000Kw under a head 9.6m,while running at 65.2rpm.The

discharge through the turbine is 350 m3/s. The tip diameter of the runner is 7.4m.The hub diameter is 0.432 times the tip diameter. Calculate; (a) Turbine efficiency (b) Specific speed of turbine (c) Speed ratio (based on tip diameter) (d) Flow ratio

22 A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 20m. Develops 11775 Kw. The outer diameter of the runner is 3.5 m. and hub diameter 1.75m. The guide blade angle at the extreme edge of the runner is 35°. The hydraulic and overall efficiency of the turbine are 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet, determine (a) runner vane angles at inlet and outlet at the extreme edge of the runner (b) speed of the turbine.

23 What is the function of a draft tube, in the case of reaction turbine? What happens if the draft tube is too long?

24 Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working

25 A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 76%is required to produce 150Kw.It is working under a head of 8m.The peripheral velocity =0.25√2gH and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0.95√2gH.The wheel runs at 150rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the available energy. Assume radial discharge, Determine (a) The guide blade angle,(b) The wheel vane angle at inlet,(c)Diameter of the wheel at inlet,(d) Width of the wheel at inlet

26 An inward flow reaction turbine running at 400 r.p.m requiring a discharge of 15.0 m3/s has an overall efficiency of 90%. The velocity at inlet of the spiral casing is 8.5m/s and pressure head at this point 230m.The centerline of the spiral casing inlet is 2.5m above the tail water level. The diameter of the runner at inlet is 2.0m and width at inlet is 0.25m. If the hydraulic efficiency is 94% and the flow is radial at the outlet from the runner, determine (a) power developed by the turbine (b) Specific speed(c) Guide vane angle (d) Runner blade angle at inlet (e) Percentage of net head which is kinetic at entry to the runner

27 Derive an expression for the acceleration head, which is to be overcome by a reciprocating pump

28 What is the purpose of providing air vessel in reciprocating pump? How does it work? Explain

29 Define Slip, Percentage Slip and Negative slip of a reciprocating pump 30 Draw an indicator diagram, considering the effect of acceleration and friction in suction

and delivery pipes, find an expression for the work done/sec. in case of double acting reciprocating pump

31 Draw an indicator diagram for a single acting-reciprocating pump. Show also the effects of acceleration and friction on both suction and delivery side. Mention at what point in the diagram, the separation is likely to occur.

32 A single acting reciprocating pump, having cylinder diameter of 150mm and stroke of 300mm is installed with its centerline 4m above the water surfaces in the sump. The speed is 40rpm and atmospheric head is 10.3m of water. The length and diameter of suction pipe are 5m and 10cm respectively. Determine the pressure head due to acceleration in the



cylinder at the beginning and in the middle of the suction stroke. If the separation were to take place at 1.8m of water head, What is the maximum height of installation to prevent it

33 In a reciprocating pump, the piston of 25cm.diameter and 45cm.stroke has single harmonic motion. The suction pipe is 12.5cm diameter and 12m long. the effective suction lift is 3m.Calculate the maximum speed at which the pump can be run, if the barometer reads 10.15m of water and separation is likely to take place at 1.5m.of water, absolute.

34 A single acting reciprocating pump, the piston diameter is 25cm.and stroke is 0.45m.It has an air vessel on the section side, in which the mean water level is 0.5m. Below the centerline of the pump, but pipe length between air vessel and pump is 1.5m. The remaining pipeline on suction side is 10.5m. If the total static suction head is 3m, separation is at 1.5m and atmospheric head is 10.15m. Find the max speed of the pump, to avoid separation. The friction co-efficient for pipe is 0.01, and the suction pipe diameter is 12.5cm.

35 A single acting-reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of 250 mm and stroke of 450mm and it is driven with SHM at 60 rpm. The length and diameter of delivery pipe are 60m and 100mm respectively. Determine the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe by fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump. Assume friction factor as 0.01.

36 Obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump 37 Sketch a centrifugal pump. Indicate all the parts. Also mention the functions of the parts 38 Explain the phenomenon of cavitation, as it happens in a centrifugal pump. Can it be

prevented? Write your answers with reasons 39 A centrifugal pump running at 800rpm is working against a total head of 20.2m.The

external diameter of the impeller is 480mm and outlet width 60mm.If the vanes angle at outlet is 40° and manometric efficiency is 70%, determine (a) Flow velocity at outlet (b) Absolute velocity of water leaving the vane (c) Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion at outlet (d) Rate of flow through the pump

40 A centrifugal pump impeller has an outside diameter of 200mm and rotates at 2900rpm.the vanes are curved backward at 25° to the wheel tangent. The velocity of flow is constant at 3m/s. Assume hydraulic efficiency as 75% and determines the head generated. Also determine the power required to run the impeller, if the breadth of the wheel at outlet is 15mm.Neglect the effect of vane thickness, mechanical friction and leakage in the pump

41 A centrifugal pump runs at 950rpm.Its outer and inner diameters are 500mm and 250mm.The vanes are set back at 35° to the wheel rim. If the radial velocity of water through the impeller is constant at 4m/s, find the angle of vane at inlet, the velocity and direction of water at outlet and the work done by impeller per kg of water. Entry of water at inlet is radial

42 A centrifugal pump having an outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter running at 1000rpm works against a total head of 40m.The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5m/s.The vanes are set back at an angle of 40° at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is 50cm.and width at outlet is 5cm, determine (a) vane angle at inlet (b) work done by impeller on water/sec (c) manometric efficiency

43 What are unit quantities and their uses? As applied in fluid machines context? Explain



44 Describe with Sketches the working of the following hydraulic devices:(a) Hydraulic

crane (b) Hydraulic lift (c) Hydraulic press (d) Hydraulic coupling 45 Describe with the aid of neat sketches the working of a hydraulic intensifier 46 Obtain an expression for the capacity of a hydraulic accumulator 47 What is the difference between a hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic intensifier 48 An accumulator is loaded with 400KN weight. The ram has a diameter of 300mm and

stroke of 6m.Its friction may be taken as 5%. It takes two minutes to fall through its full stroke. Find the total work supplied and power delivered to the hydraulic appliance by the accumulator, when 0.0075 m3/s of liquid is being delivered by a pump, while the accumulator descends with the stated velocity

49 Explain how a torque converter works 50 An intensifier has a ram diameter of 150mm and a sliding cylinder diameter of

750mm.calculate the pressure of water on the low-pressure side of the intensifier if the pressure of water on high-pressure side is 21000kn/m2. The loss due to friction at each of the packing of the intensifier is 5% of the total force on each of the packing

51 What are is Co-efficiency curves? Explain how such curves are obtained with reference to either a turbine or a pump

52 What is compounding of steam turbine? What are the advantages of compounding? Illustrate by a diagram the pressure compounding of a steam turbine.

53 In a two row, velocity compounding impulse steam from the nozzle issues at a velocity of 600m/s. The nozzle angle is 20° to the plane of rotation of the wheel. The mean diameter of rotor blades is 1m, and the speed is 3000rpm.Both rows of moving blades have equiangular blades. The intermediate row of fixed guide blades makes the steam flow again at 20° to the second moving blade ring. The frictional losses in each row are 3 %. Find i. Inlet and outlet angles of moving blades of each row ii. Inlet blade angle of the guide blade. iii. Power output from the first and second moving blade rings for unit mass flow rate.

54 The following particulars refer to a single row impulse turbine. Mean diameter of blade ring = 2.5 m, speed = 3000rpm, nozzle angle = 20°. Ratio of blade velocity to steam velocity 0.4, blade friction factor = 0.8, blade angle at exit = 3° less than that at inlet. Steam flow 36000 kg/hour. Draw the velocity diagram for moving blade and estimate i. Power developed ii. Blade efficiency.



QUESTION PAPERS



06ME56 – ENGINEERING ECONOMICS



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06ME56 IA MARKS : 25 HRS/WEEK : 04 EXAM HOURS : 03 TOTAL HRS : 52 ` EXAM MARKS : 100

PART-A

1. INTRODUCTION :

Engineering Decision-Makers, Engineering and Economics, Problem solving and decision making, Intuition and analysis, Tactics and Strategy. Engineering Economic Decision Maze law of demand and supply, Law of returns, Interest & Interest Factors: Interest rate, Simple interest, Compound interest, Cash flow diagrams, personal loans and EMI payment, Exercises and discussion 08 hrs.

2. PRESENT WORTH COMPUTATIONS :

Conditions for present worth comparisons, basic present worth comparisons, Present worth equivalence, net present worth, assets with unequal lives, infinite lives, future worth comparison, pay back comparison, exercises, Discussions and problems. 06 hrs.

3. EQUIVALENT ANNUAL WORTH COMPARISONS:

Equivalent annual worth comparison methods, situations for equivalent annual worth comparisons, consideration of asset life, comparison of assets with equal and unequal lives, use of shrinking fund method, annuity contract for guaranteed income, exercises and problems. 06 hrs.

4. RATE OF RETURN CALCULATIONS AND DEPRECIATION :

Rate of return, minimum acceptable rate of return, IRR, IRR misconceptions, cost of capital concepts. Causes of Depreciation, Basic methods of computing depreciation charges, Tax concepts, corporate income tax. 06 hrs.

PART-B

5. ESTIMATION & COSTING:

Components of costs such as Direct Material cost, direct labor costs, fixed overhead , Factory costs, Administrative over heads, First cost, marginal cost, selling price, estimation for simple components. 07 hrs.

6. INTRODUCTION , SCOPE OF FINANCE , FINANCE FUNCTIONS:

Statements of financial information: introduction, scope of financial information, financial statements, balance sheet, and profit and loss account, relation between balance sheet and profit and loss account. 06hrs



7. FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS :

Introduction, nature of ratio analysis, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, evaluation of a firm’s earning power, comparative statement analysis. 06 hrs.

8. FINANCIAL & PROFIT PLANNING :

Introduction, Financial planning, Profit planning, objectives of a profit planning, essentials of a profit planning. Budget administration, type of budgets, preparation of budgets, advantages. Problems and dangers of budgeting.Introduction to bench marking of manufacturing operation. 07 hrs.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Riggs.J.L. Engineering economy, MC Graw Hill, 2002.

2. Thuesen H.G., engineering economy, PHI, 2002

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Tarachand, Engineering Economy.

2. O.P. Khanna, Industrial Engineering & Management, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.

3. I.M. Pandey, Financial Management, Vikas Pulishing House.

4. Paul Disarm, Engineering Economy, Macmillan Pub, Co.,

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION :

One question to be set from each chapter, Student have to answer any five full question out of 8

question tales 2 question from partA and 2 question from partB.



LESSON PLAN


SUB : ENGINEERING ECONOMICS TOTAL HOURS : 52 No. of Hrs.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

1. PART – A: INTRODUCTION: Introduction Engineering Economics.

2. Engineering Decision-Makers.

3. Engineering and Economics.

4. Problem solving and Decision making.

5. Intuition and Analysis.

6. Tactics and Strategy.

7. Engineering Economic Decision, Maze.

8. Law of demand and supply.

9. Law of returns

10. Interest and Interest factors.

11. Interest rate.

12. Simple interest.

13. Compound interest.

14. Cash - flow diagrams.

15. Personal loans and EMI Payment.

16. Exercises and Discussion.

17. PRESENT-WORTH COMPARISONS: Conditions for present worth comparisons.

18. Basic Present worth comparisons – Problems.

19. Present-worth equivalence – Problems.

20. Problems on Net Present-worth.

21. Assets with unequal lives.

22. Problems on infinite lives.

23. Future-worth comparison.

24. Problems on Pay-back comparison.

25. RATE-OF-RETURN CALCULATIONS AND DEPRECIATION: Rate of return.



26. Minimum acceptable rate of return.

27. IRR, IRR misconceptions.

28. Cost of capital concepts.

29. Causes of Depreciation.

30. Basic methods of computing depreciation charges.

31. Tax concepts.

32. Corporate income tax.

33. PART B: ESTIMATING AND COSTING: Components of costs such as Direct Material Costs.

34. Direct Labor Costs, Fixed Over-Heads, Factory cost.

35. Administrative Over-Heads.

36. First cost, Marginal cost, Selling price Estimation for simple components.

37. INTRODUCTION, SCOPE OF FINANCE, FINANCE FUNCTIONS

38. Statements of Financial Information.

39. Introduction.

40. Source of financial information.

41. Financial statements.

42. Balance sheet

43. , Profit and Loss account.

44. Relation between Balance sheet and Profit and Loss account.

45. Simple numerical.

46. FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS: Introduction.

47. Nature of ratio analysis, Liquidity ratios, Leverage ratios, Activity ratios

48. Profitability ratios.

49. Comparative statements analysis.

50. Evaluation of a firm's earning power.





53. FINANCIAL AND PROFIT PLANNING: Introduction.

54. Financial planning.

55. Essentials of profit planning.

56. Profit planning.

57. Objectives of profit planning.

58. Budget administration.

59. Type of budgets.

60. Preparation of budgets & advantages.

61. Problems and dangers of budgeting.

62. Introduction to Bench Marking of Manufacturing Operation.



QUESTION BANK

01 What is decision making? Briefly explain the importance of decision-making in

Engineering Economics.

02 Enumerate the difference between strategy and tactic giving suitable examples.

03 Discuss the interest from borrower’s and lenders point of view.

04 Explain in brief about Simple Interest and Compound Interest.

05 Explain nominal and effective interest rates.

06 Derive the equation for calculating the future worth of series of discrete payments when

the interest rate is compounded continuously.

07 What are the conditions for present worth comparison?

08 Compare the asset with equal and unequal lives.

09 Explain ranking Criteria by IRR method

10 What do you mean by Rate of Return? How it is determined for a Hypothetical cash flow.

11 Give example of assets whose economic evaluation is to be considered on the basis of

infinite lives.

12 Explain MARR. How it is useful in ranking the alternative using Annual Worth.

13 Explain net Annual worth of a single product with Example.

14 Define the term ‘depreciation’. What are the causes of depreciation? Explain.

15 Explain the various elements, which go to make up the total cost of any Product.

16 Explain sum of the year digits method of depreciation.

17 What are the two basic financial statements? Explain their importance to the various

users.

18 What is current asset? How does it differ from fixed asset?

19 Differentiate between

� Trial Balance and Balance Sheet

� Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet

� Capital Expenditure and Revenue Expenditure

20 Explain the need for the financial analysis. How does the use of ratios help in financial

analysis?

21 What is firm’s earning power? How are the net profit margin and the asset turnover



related?

22 Outline the role of ratio analysis in financial decision-making.

23 Define budget. Briefly explain the purposes served by budgeting.

24 What are the essentials of a sound system of budgeting? Explain.

25 What is financial Planning? How does it differ from financial forecasting?



PROBLEMS

1. Machine A costs Rs.12000, no salvage value at the end of 10 years of useful life and annual expenses of Rs.2200. The machine B costs Rs.40000 now and has an expected salvage value of Rs.10000 at the end of 25 years. Annual expenses of the machine B are Rs.1000. Compare the two alternatives on the basis of present worth using repeated project assumption at 15 % annual interest. Use CFD for your analysis.

2. Machine A has a first cost of Rs.9000 and no salvage value at the end of 6 years of useful life and operating cost of Rs.5000. The machine B costs Rs.16000 now and has an expected salvage value of Rs.4000 at the end of 6 years. Annual expenses of the machine B are Rs.4000. Compare the two alternatives on the basis of present worth at 10 % annual interest. Use CFD for your analysis.

3. An electric utility company is looking at two alternatives for tree-trimming equipment. One is to subcontract to an independent maintenance company. The subcontractor’s bid calls for Rs.98, 000 the first year with additional costs of Rs.8000 per year for subsequent years. The utility company is considering buying equipment with a first cost of Rs.2, 20,000 and annual operating cost of Rs 65,000/year. The equipment is expected to have a salvage value of Rs 25,000 at the end of its useful life of 5 years. Using internal rate 12 %, evaluate the alternatives on EAC basis.

4. A frozen fish company is planning an expansion to a cold storage facility. Four alternative site-design proposals are being considered at an interest rate of 15 %. Plan A and Plan B requires an expenditure of Rs.350, 000, while Plan C and D require Rs.425, 000 for land. These real estate investments are assumed to be permanent. The buildings are expected to last 30 years, the compressors and related equipment will last 10 years before required replacement, and energy costs will increase throughout the building life. Neither the buildings nor the equipment is expected to have any salvage value. With this information and the data provided, make an annual cost comparison to determine which proposal is preferred.

Proposal A Proposal B Proposal C Proposal D Building & Installation, Rs. 6,00,000 7,00,000 4,00,000 5,00,000 Compressors, Rs. 1,00,000 1,35,000 85,000 70,000 Expected Energy cost: First year: Rs. 65,000 48,000 65,000 54,000 Increase for each additional year, Rs.

3000 2000 3500 2000

Annual Maintenance costs 20,000 15,000 50,000 40,000

5. A grocery chain of four stores is evaluating whether to install video screens on all its grocery carts. These screens will display pricing and ‘specials’ as the cart goes by the pertinent items. Cart location is sensed by Ceiling sensors that trigger the appropriate information for the particular screen. The first cost of the equipment is Rs.65, 000 per store. Annual programming and screen information would be subcontracted at a total cost of Rs.25,000 per year for four stores. Because of the novelty, sales are expected to increase by Rs28, 000 per stores in the first year and then drop at a rate of Rs4500 per stores per year for each subsequent year. The technological life of the system is 5 years. If a 12 % return on investment is required, determine the minimum salvage value of the equipment that would be needed after 5-year period, by equivalent annual net worth of the project.



6. Evaluate the following plans, using the incremental IRR approach, and select the preferable alternative. The MARR is 6 %.

Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 First Cost, Rs. 70,000 59,000 1,00,000 Salvage Value, Rs. 6000 4000 7500 Economic Life, Years 8 8 8 Annual Receipts, Rs. 32,000 30,000 51,000 Annual Payments, Rs. 18,000 23,000 35,000

7. Seafood Company is planning an expansion to a cold storage facility. Three alternative site-

design proposals are being considered that use a MARR of 10 %. Plan A and Plan B requires an expenditure of Rs.3, 50,000 for a land which will retains its value in 10 years, while Plan C requires Rs.4, 25,000 for land which will also retains its value in 10 years. The estimated income increase due to facility available is annualized at Rs.2, 48,000/year. The company required that a life of 10 years be use for the analysis. Data, associated with the projects are as follows:

Proposal A Proposal B Proposal C Building & Installation, Rs. 6,00,000 7,00,000 4,00,000 Compressors, Rs. 1,00,000 1,35,000 85,000 Expected Energy cost: First year: Rs. 65,000 48,000 65,000 Increase for each additional year, Rs. 3000 2000 3500 Annual Maintenance costs 20,000 15,000 50,000 Estimated Salvage Value 35,000 43,000 18,000

Evaluate the alternatives using IRR criterion. 8. A printing Machine Costing Rs 4.8 Lakhs has a life of 8 years with a salvage value of Rs

80000/-. Determine the following: - � Depreciation charge using the Straight-line method and also the double Declining

balance Method. � Book value of the machine at the end of each year using both methods. � Plot the graph of time versus book value for both methods.

9. An asset has a first cost of Rs45000/-with an estimated life of 10 years. The salvage value at the

time is estimated to be Rs 5000.What is the total accumulated depreciation charged during the first 4 years of the asset’s life for SOYD depreciation and Sinking fund depreciation for the an interest rate of 12 %.

10. An asset cost Rs.400 when purchased before 4 years. Expected salvage value after 7 years life is Rs 50.Determine the asset depreciation charge after the current year and its present book value by

� 1.Stright line method � 2. Declining balance method.



� 3. Sinking fund method. 11. The catalogue price of a certain machine is Rs 1050/-the discount allowed to the distributors

being 20%. Data collected at a certain period show that the selling cost and the factory cost are equal and the relation between material cost, labour cost and on cost in the factory are 1:3:2.If the labour cost is Rs 200/- what profit is made on the machine?

12. The following data relates to a manufacturing firm, ABC Ltd:

ABC Ltd Manufacturing Costs: (Rs. in lakhs) Raw material purchased 30450 Wages 6500 Power and fuel 675 Repairs 385 Maintenance 250 Consumables 320 Depreciation 1500 Factory rent 20

Stock of Raw material: Opening: 3900 Closing: 3750

Work-in-process: Opening: 10950 Closing: 10700

Finished goods: Opening: 8000 Closing: 8300

13. Arrange the following items of profit and loss account of a firm

Items Of Profit& Loss Account (Rs. in lakhs) Excess provision of tax in previous year 150.00 Other income 520.50 Depreciation 1200.00 Interest 2675.40 Cost of sales 60750.60 Proposed dividend 680.00 Provision for tax 500.00 Operating and Administration Expenses 10460.70 Sales 76300.00


V SEMESTER COURSE DIARY 64

14. X Co., has made plans for the next year. It is estimated that the company will employ total assets of Rs.8, 00,000: 50 percent of the assets being financed by borrowed capital at an interest cost of 8 percent per year. The direct costs for the year are estimated at Rs.4,80,000 and all other operating expenses are estimated at Rs.80,000. The goods will be sold to the customers at 150 percent of the direct costs. Tax rate is assumed to be 50 percent. You are requires to calculate a) Net profit margin b). Return on assets c) Asset turnover and d) return on owner’s equity.

15. The summarized Balance Sheet of XYZ Ltd for the year 31st Dec’01 and 31st Dec’02 and PLA are given below

Asset 2001 2002 Liability 2001 2002 Fixed Asset 5,50,000 4,40,000 Equity Share Capital 5,00,000 5,00,000 Current Asset 5,70,000 4,70,000 General Reserves 1,95,000 1,60,000 Current Liabilities 4,25,000 2,50,000 11,20,000 9,10,000 11,20,000 9,10,000

2001 2002 Sales (all credit) 15,00,000 12,00,000 Cost of sales 10,80,000 9,00,000 Gross profit 4,20,000 3,00,000 Overhead expenses 2,90,000 2,00,000 Net Profit 1,30,000 1,00,000

Calculate relevant ratios to evaluate the company’s comparative financial positions.

16. Assume that a firm has owners’ equity of Rs.1, 00,000. The ratios for the firm are: Current debt to total debt 0.40 Total debt to owners equity 0.60 Fixed asset to owners equity 0.60 Total asset turnover 2 times Inventory turnover 8 times Complete the balance sheet with the given information

Liabilities Rs Assets Rs. Current debt ------ Cash ------ Long-term debt ------ Inventory ------ Total debts ------ Total Current Asset ------ Owners equity ------ Fixed assets ------ Total Capital ------ Total asset ------

17. Prepare a purchase budget from the following particulars, where the estimated price per kg of material is: X Rs.2, Y Rs.3 and Z Rs.4 respectively

Materials Estimated Stock (in Kg) Consumption (in Kg) On 1.1.2003 On 1.12.2003

X 1,00,000 30,000 15,000 Y 2,00,000 40,000 20,000 Z 2,50,000 45,000 50,000



QUESTION PAPERS



06MEL57 – FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

LABORATORY



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06MEL57 IA MARKS : 25 HRS/WEEK : 03 EXAM HOURS : 03 TOTAL HRS : 42 ` EXAM MARKS : 50

PART – A

1. Determination of coefficient of friction of flow in a pipe.

2. Determination of minor losses in flow through pipes.

3. Determination of force developed by impact of jets on vanes.

4. Calibration of flow measuring devices

(i) Orifice plate

(ii) Flow nozzle

(iii) Venturimeter

(iv) Rotameter

(v) V notch

18 Hrs PART – B

1. Performance testing of Turbines

(i) Pelton wheel

(ii) Francis Turbine

(iii) Kaplan Turbines

2. Performance testing of Pumps

(i) Single stage and Multi stage centrifugal pumps

(ii) Reciprocating pump

3. Performance test of a two stage Reciprocating Air Compressor

4. Performance test on an Air Blower

24 Hrs



LESSON PLAN

SUB CODE : 06MEL57 HOURS / WEEK : 03

SUB : FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY LAB TOTAL HOURS : 42

No. of Hrs.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

1 .Determination of coefficient of friction of flow in a pipe

2 Determination of minor losses in flow through pipes.

3 Determination of force developed by impact of jets on vanes.

4 Calibration of flow measuring devices Orifice plate

5 Calibration of flow measuring devices Flow Nozzle

6 Calibration of flow measuring devices Venturimeter

7 Calibration of flow measuring devices V-Notch

8 Performance testing of Turbines Pelton wheel

9 Performance testing of Turbines Francis Turbine

10 Performance testing of Turbines Kaplan Turbine

11 Performance testing of Pumps on Single stage and Multi stage centrifugal pumps

12 Performance testing of Reciprocating Pumps.

13 Performance test of a two stage Reciprocating Air Compressor

14 Performance test on Air blower



06MEL58 – ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING

LABORATORY



SYLLABUS

SUB CODE : 06MEL58 IA MARKS : 25 HRS/WEEK : 03 EXAM HOURS : 03 TOTAL HRS : 42 ` EXAM MARKS : 50

PART – A

1. Determination of Flash point and Fire point of lubricating oil using Abel Pensky and Pensky

apparatus.

2. Determination of Caloric value of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

3. Determination of Viscosity of a lubricating oil using Redwoods, Saybolts and Torsion

Viscometers.

4. Valve, Timing/port opening diagram of an I.C. engine (4 stroke/2 stroke).

5. Use of planimeter

21 Hrs

PART – B 1. Performance Tests on I.C. Engines, Calculations of IP, BP, Thermal efficiencies, SFC, FP, heat

balance sheet for

(a) Four stroke Diesel Engine

(b) Four stroke Petrol Engine

(c) Multi Cylinder Diesel/Petrol Engine, (Morse test)

(d) Two stroke Petrol Engine

(e) Variable Compression Ratio I.C. Engine.

21 Hrs



[

LESSON PLAN

SUB CODE : 06MEL58 HOURS / WEEK : 03

SUB : ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING LAB TOTAL HOURS : 42

No. of

Hrs. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

1. Determination of Flash point and Fire point of lubricating oil using Abel Pensky

and Pensky Apparatus.

2. Determination of Caloric value of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

3. Determination of Viscosity of a lubricating oil using Redwoods, Viscometers.

4. Determination of Viscosity of a lubricating oil using , Saybolts and Torsion

Viscometers

5. Valve, Timing/port opening diagram of an I.C. engine (4 stroke)

6. Determination of Viscosity of a lubricating oil using Redwoods, Saybolts and

Torsion Viscometers

7. Valve, Timing/port opening diagram of an I.C. engine (2 stroke)

8. Use of planimeter

9. Performance Tests on I.C. Engines, Calculations of IP, BP, Thermal efficiencies,

SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Four stroke Diesel Engine


SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Four stroke PetrolEngine


SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Multi cylinder Diesel Engine


SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Multi cylinder Petrol Engine(Morse test)


SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Two stroke Petrol Engine(Morse test)


SFC, FP, heat balance sheet for Variable Compression ratio I. C. Engine.

06AL51 – MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP · 2016-02-27 · 2) Enterprenuership development- Colombo...

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Transcript of 06AL51 – MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP · 2016-02-27 · 2) Enterprenuership development- Colombo...