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7th IEEE Internationa Symposium on Applid omputationa Intelligence and Informatics May 24-26, 2012 Timioara, Romania

Simulation Model developed for a SmallScalePV System in Distribution Networks

C KhCbu" Mh""" F H B POLITEHNICA University/Automation and Computer Science, Timisoara, Romania Denmark Tecnical UniversityElectrical Engineering, Roskilde, Denmarkcosmin koch@aut upt ro; Imih@elektro dtu dk

Absact-Thi pper preen PV pnel imulion modeuing he ingdiode fourprmeer model ed on dhee vue. The model w impemened r inMTL/Simlink, nd he reu hve een ompredwih he d hee vlue nd hrerii of he PVpnel in ndrd e odiion. Moreover o poin ou herong dependeny on mien ondiion nd i inueneon rry operion nd o vlide imulion reul wih

meured omplex mode h lo een deveoped. PV iverr model, uing he me equion ndprmeer in MTLB/Simuink h lo eendeveloped nd implemened in PowerFory o udy lodow, edye volge iliy nd dynmi ehvior of diriue power yem.

I. NODUCON

Renewable nergy systems are expanding due to noony enviromenta aspec but aso due o social,economical a poliical inerest. The Europea Union isaiming a a specic CO2 reducion in the eecicity secorin the near ture (0 % reduction by 00).This l

nvolve a signcant owth of PV installation a overEope resuling in a few undred Giga wts of capacity[].

The increased PV capacity will inuence power systemoperation and esgn. Power supplied om a PV arraydepends most on presen bien conditions such as:adiaton and emperatue [-5].

PV output olage chges mainly wih temperatewhile PV ouu current canges mainly with irradiation.herefore in oder to develop a very precise simulationmodel the local wind speed nd the sol radiationincidence agle, in terms of the slope d surface azimuth,should be consdered [5-8].

In order to dermne the houry incident radiation on a

surface of y orientation i is necessy to evaluate theratio of incident radiation on he tilted sface to that on aorizontal surace considering beam, sky dise andoud reecte riation sepately [3], [6], [9].

Increased dsibuted generation is becoming moremport in th cuent power system d in the ture iwill rely more on distributed energy resoces d mcroids. The exible micro-grid ha to be able toimporexpor energy o/to the id, conol the activeand reacive power ows and manage of the storageenerg 7, 10, and 14.

This paper focuses on the simulation models of a smallscale PV Sysem conneced o a disibuted network don improvemets and validating it using experimental

facility of an active and disributed power systemslaboratoy. In order to nd out the dierences betweenDER componens in power systems and to study theimpact on bus votage and equency the system has also

been implemented in PowerFactory.

II. SUED RGY SYSEM CCEXENAL ACL

Te experimenta system is a aboratory for resech indistrbuted conol and smar grids wih a high share ofrenewable energy production. Its eperimental facility is aWndV!iesel Hybrid Mini-Grid with local storage anda novel conol inascure. The faciliy is spread across

tee sites located several hundred meters apar.

It includes two wind rbines (11kW ad 55kW), a PVplnt (7.8 kW), a diesel gen-set (48kW/60kVA), anineligen oce buiding wih conoable loads (up to0kW), a nber of loads (75 kW, 3*36 kW) and aVanadium Batery of 15 kW/190 kWh.

At each of the tree sites there is a switchbod tha

alows the components instaled at the site to be connectedo eiher of two bus bas. The two bus bars at each site econnected to a crossbar swichboard aowing the exiblesetp of the system(s) to be stdied. The bus bs can beeiher conneced to the national id or can be p of anisolated system. I allows componens and sysems to bein id connected operation, islad operation, or operationin paalel wth wind tubine or PV -plan.

A. PVPanels

The PV panels e mounted in three sings: two stringshaving 18 panels of 165 W each, and oher onecontaining 1 panels of 100 W. The srings e connected

to the id thoug a thee-phe PV inverer.

B Data Acquition and Control SystemThe data acquisiion ad conol system (hardwe ad

sowre) is responsible for te supeision and conol ofthe reseach platform for istrbuted ntelligent energysystems with a high penetraton of renewable energy. Thesupersory soware code was riten in Java ad is ableto maage the data acqusition, processes the data ndxecutes the conol loop and ouuts the controlvariables. The sensors ouuts are conected to a signalconditioning board, which n is conneced to the daaacquisition (DAQ) bod based on a PC (SCAASystem).

97814671017/12/$1.00 2012 IEEE -41

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Kochiobotaru t a Simuation Mod dvopd for a SmaSca Systm in Distribution Ntworks

III EL A ARy ODELG

A. Modeling of the PVPanel

This papr uss a singl diod quivaln circui for h modl, dscribd by a simpl xponnial ncion:

=Ise-10,

(eV+i.R,/n"vrI) (1)

In which Ise and h shorcircui and opncircuicrns, is h cll sris rsisanc, is h numr ofclls in h pnl concd in sris and T rprsns hjuncion hrmal volag which includs h diod qualiyfacor, h Bolzmn's consn, h mpra a STCnd h chg of h lcron

Mufacurrs pically provid limid opraionaldaa for phoovolaic panls Ths daa availabl onlya sdd raing condiions, for which h irradianc is 1000 W/m

2and h cll mpratr Tel is 5 C

xcp for h OCT which is drmind a 800 W/m

d a bin mpra To of 0 CEquaions for h shor circui cun Ise and h opn

circui volag as a cion of absolu mpraT includ mpra cocins ha provid h rao chng wih rspc o mpra of h prformanc pamrs, can b xprss as:

Ise= Isc2 . ( +PI T)Voc=Voc2S (I+Z'T) ()

= ToTo compl h modl i is lso ncssy o ino

acco vaiaion of h rs wih rspc oirrdianc:

Isc=Isc2S(Ga/lOOO) (3)

Using a fo pamrs modl of a singl diodquivaln circui, h vi chacrisics for a solar panlsring dpnding on irradic d mpr has hfollowing xprssions:

v=nps 'e +nps nsV .1l-i/nsp .Ise2S Go/OO(4)

(5)

Th quaions (4) and (5) can b usd o calcua hvolag and crn ovr a sring of pnls

Th modl usd o obain h saic characrisics of h panls has bn dvlopd in TLAB using hquaions prsnd abov Th modl was dvlopd foron pl, as a cion of irradianc and mpraurTh modl has as inpus d Te/ on h pan and iswps h volag rang of h panl in ordr ocalcula h ouu crn nd powr clls havnonlin i-v and pv chacrisics Is oupu volagd powr chg according o mpra andirradiaion

ig 1 shows h ypical chacrisics for a modland also a compison bwn chnicalchacrisics om daash (on h l) d simulaionrsuls for on pan

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C KochCobotaru t al Smulato Modl dvlopd for a SmallScl Systm Dstrbuto Ntworks

35000500

20o100

Q 000

04

3500302

20

500 00050

04

6

6

" Pt es

P d

4 6 20 2 ()

b)

12 4 16(

c)

Pmes

Po d

20

Fig 5 Sola iadice adtation steps

IV . ULATON OEL OF PV YSMEVELOPE POWACTORY FOR STUTON

ETWOS

Computer models of power systems re widely used byower system utilities to study load ow, steady-saevolage staility and dynamic and transient behavior of

ower system.

DIgSILET PowerFactory as een chosen becauseprovides the ability to simulate load ow, RMSuctaions in he same sowe envionmen. Iprovides a comprehensive lirary of models for electricalcomponents in the power system [4].

Te dynamic model of the PV System impemened inPowerFactory has been built with standad componentsliby and is based on the same equations used foMATLA/Simulink model presented befoe.

The blocks of the PV mode, DC-Link and conolleof the Static Geneao are imlemened in the dynamicsimulation anguage DSL of DIgSILET. DSL aows

the use o imemen secic models that e nostandrd in the DIgSILET libay and thus o creaeown develoed blocks eithe as modications of exisingmodels o as comletely new models. The inealsimulation language DSL has also been used o dene thePV chaacerisics and to initialize the aametes andvaiables of the model.

Fig. 6 a) shows a single line diaam of he laboatoycitectue imlemened in PoweFacoy.

Fig. 6 b) sows the schemaic scture o the PVSysem mode, deveoed fo imedomain simuaions

where a DSL model is required, including PhotovoltaicModel, DC-Link Model, PLL block ad Static Generatowith its Controller. The Static Generator is easy to usemodel of any kind of static (non rotating) generators. Tecommon characteristic of tese generators is that tey eal connected to the id throug a static converer.

Applications re PV Generators, Storage devices, windgenerators etc.

On te basic date tab of the single line diaam it ispossible to set up the number of paallel generators andthe power ratings of one PV panel.

For load ow analysis, also shown in Fig. 6 a), elocal voltage controller could be se to three dierentmodes: cos

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7th EEE nternational Symposium on Applied (omputationalntelligence and nformatics May 24-26, 2012 Timioara, Romania

,

.

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 I I Ir -----I I I II I I I I I Ir ----I I I I1 1 11 1 1

L __ I I I II I I I I

I___L- I.

..

.

1

1 1 1 1 1 1I I I I -----,I I I I I I I---- ------1 1 1 L J I I I I

. - i -- --- - .'- -:.-''-- ""Cn

.

.

-- ------ -- I I II I I II I I - : :-- I I I I I I1 1 1 - --I I I II I I I I

_____ 1 JI I I I I II I I I .

---------

41 1 11 1 1 1 to O - .6 k aV12,

--j----, - ----- 1.I I I 1 __L I 001 1 1 11 1 1 11

- ------- 1r i .0 jo.

1 1I' - :- = OP ('o.IO)o

Fig 7 Simulaion resuls of he PV sysem model implemened in PowerFaco

V. ONLUSONS

This paper proposes a four-paraeter mode of a PVpae ad a PV system impemeted iMATLAB/Simuik usig data provided by themaufacturer with semi-empirica equatios to predict thePV chacteristics for ay coditio. PV chacteristicsare modeed accordig to a sige diode fo parameterequivaet circuit ad PV paeters vaues take om

the maufacturer techica data.

The paper also proposes a mode that reies o ambietdata om a loca weather statio ike most commo i area situatio ot om sesors mouted o the PV paes.The mode calcuates the ce temperature ad the soiadice o the PV paes cosiderig og others

the tit age the orietatio of the paes ad the dcooig eect. The paper shows that these factorssiicaty iuece he power ouput om the PV

paels.

Compariso with experimeta data acquired bySCADA system ad processed by MA TLAB d with thechacteristics of the PV pes provided bymaufacturers has sho that the model impemeted iMATLAB/Simui c be a accurate too for the

predictio of eergy productio.

A PV system model usig the same equatios adpeters as i MA TLAB/Simuik to dee the PVmodule ad chacteristics has aso bee developed adimpemeted i PowerFactory to stdy oad ow steadystate voltage stabiiy d dyamic behavior of adisibuted power system.

A compaiso betwee both simuatio modesimpemeted i MATLAB/Simulik d PowerFactoryhas sho a good similarity. That mes that this workca be used for rher deveopmet of toos for DERcompoe a dtiud ewok.

OWLDGNT

This work was suppored i pt by the E.U. ProectSmooth PV No. 8449/011 ad aso piay suppored

by the strategic grat POSDRU/88/1.5/S/50783 (009) ofthe Miis of Labor Fiy ad Socia ProtectioRomaia co-aced by the Europea Socia Fud Ivestig i people.

FRNS

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