06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula...

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Pavement Drainage

Transcript of 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula...

Page 1: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Pavement Drainage

Page 2: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Rational Method Formula

CIAQZ

Q = discharge (ft3/s or m3/s)C = runoff coefficientI = rainfall intensity (in/hr or mm/hr)A = drainage area (acres or hectares)Z = conversion factor (1 for English, 360 for metric)

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Page 3: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Runoff Coefficients

Source: AASHTO Model Drainage Manual (2005)

Selected Hydrologic Soil Groupings and Slope Ranges

(for Pervious Surfaces)

Figure 6.2

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Page 4: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Soil Groups

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Page 5: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Runoff Coefficients

Source: AASHTO Model Drainage Manual (2005)

Figure 6.2

(for Selected Land Uses)

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Page 6: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Runoff Coefficients

Source: AASHTO Model Drainage Manual (2005)

Figure 6.2

(for Impervious Surfaces)

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Page 7: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Rainfall Intensity

I = rainfall intensity (in/hr or mm/hr)Pd = depth of rainfall (in or mm)Tc = time of concentration (hr)

d

c

PIT

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Page 8: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Time of Concentration

Source: AASHTO Model Drainage Manual (2005) 8

Page 9: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Figure 6.31

2

314

9

Figure 6.3

Page 10: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Figure 6.4

10

Figure 6.4

Page 11: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Suggested Return Periods

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Page 12: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

1

2

12

Figure 6.5

Page 13: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Surface Drainage

Page 14: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Ponding

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Page 15: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Sheet Flow

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Page 16: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Rolling Profile

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010) 16

Page 17: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Pavement Cross Slope

1.5%2.0%2.5% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5%

CL

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Page 18: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Porous Friction Course

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Page 19: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Porous Friction Course

Source: http://bradeck.net/research 19

Page 20: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Porous Friction Course

Source: http://www.rubberpavements.org/Videos.html 20

Page 21: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Manning’s Equation

2132KQ S R A

n

Q = flow capacity (ft3/s or m3/s)K = conversion factor (1.4859 for English or 1 for metric)n = Manning’s roughness coefficientS = channel slope (ft/ft or m/m)R = hydraulic radius (ft or m)A = cross‐sectional area of flow (ft2 or m2)

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Page 22: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Design Spread

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Page 23: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Gutter Design (Uniform Slope)

Source: FHWA Drainage Manual (2010) 23

Page 24: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Manning’s Equation

5 813 32

xzQ S S Tn

z = conversion factor (0.56 for English or 0.377 for metric)Sx = transverse slope (ft/ft or m/m)T = spread (ft or m)

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Page 25: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Figure 6.6

1

2 3

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Figure 6.6

Page 26: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Manning’s Equation

5 813 32

n xQ zS S T

nQQn

(depends only on geometry)

(incorporates roughness)

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Page 27: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Roughness Coefficients

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Page 28: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

V‐Shaped Gutter Cross‐Sections

x1 x2x

x1 x2

S SSS S

Sx1 Sx2

T

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Page 29: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Compound Cross‐Sections

Sw

Sx

TTsW

QwQs

Shoulder / Parking LaneGutter Driving Lane

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Page 30: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Compound Cross‐Sections

Sw

Sx

TTsW

QwQs

Gutter 5 813 32

s x szQ S S Tn

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Page 31: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Frontal Flow and Side Flow

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010)

Pavement  

(Qw)

(Qs)

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Page 32: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Gutter Efficiency

1w x

8w 3

w xo

S S1Q S SE 1Q 1T 1W

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Page 33: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Frontal Flow and Side Flow

s

o

QQ1 E

5 813 32

s x szQ S S Tn

(Manning’s equation for side flow alone)

(Total flow as a function of gutter efficiency)

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Page 34: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Gutter Efficiency

1

2

35

Figure 6.7

Page 35: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Figure 6.8

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Sw/Sx

1

2

3

5

4

Figure 6.8

Page 36: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Design

Page 37: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Grate Inlet

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Page 38: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Curb Inlet

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Page 39: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010) 40

Page 40: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Combination Inlet

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Page 41: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Slotted Drain Inlet

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010) 42

Page 42: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010)

L L2 L2

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Page 43: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing Formula

10,000QL0.0028Ci W

L = distance of first inlet from crest (m)Q = maximum allowable gutter flow (m3/s)C = composite runoff coefficient for drainage areai = rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

W = width of contributing drainage area (m)

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Page 44: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing Formula

43,560QLCi W

L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft)Q = maximum allowable gutter flow (ft3/s)C = composite runoff coefficient for drainage areai = rainfall intensity (in/hr)

W = width of contributing drainage area (ft)

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Page 45: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Example

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Page 46: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

1

47

Figure 6.5

Page 47: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Compound Cross‐Sections

Sw

Sx

TTsW

QwQs

Shoulder / Parking LaneGutter Driving Lane

48

Page 48: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Frontal Flow and Side Flow

s

o

QQ1 E

5 813 32

s x szQ S S Tn

(Manning’s equation for side flow alone)

(Total flow as a function of gutter efficiency)

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Page 49: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Gutter Efficiency

1w x

8w 3

w xo

S S1Q S SE 1Q 1T 1W

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Page 50: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Frontal Flow and Side Flow

s

o

QQ1 E

5 813 32

s x szQ S S Tn

(Manning’s equation for side flow alone)

(Total flow as a function of gutter efficiency)

51

Page 51: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing Formula

10,000QL0.0028Ci W

L = distance of first inlet from crest (m)Q = maximum allowable gutter flow (m3/s)C = composite runoff coefficient for drainage areai = rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

W = width of contributing drainage area (m)

52

Page 52: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Frontal Flow and Side Flow

Source: TDOT Drainage Manual (2010)

Pavement  

(Qw)

(Qs)

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Page 53: 06 - Surface Drainage and Inlet Spacing - Pavement Surface Drainage.pdf · Inlet Spacing Formula 43,560Q L CiW L = distance of first inlet from crest (ft) Q = 3maximum allowable gutter

Inlet Spacing Formula

o2

10,000QEL0.0028Ci W

L2 = distance to subsequent inlets (m)Q = maximum allowable flow (m3/s)Eo = capture efficiencyC = composite runoff coefficient for drainage areai = rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

W = width of contributing drainage area (m)54