Dr. Fathi Neana, MDChief of Orthopaedics

Dr. Fakhry & Dr. A. Al-Garzaie HospitalSaudi Arabia

October, 4 - 2017

هم بعض ال ذي عملوا لعل ليذيقهم اس ظهر الفساد في البر والبحر بما كسبت أيدي الن

الروم( 41)يرجعون Mischief has appeared on land and sea because of (the meed) that the hands of men have earned, that

(Allah) may give them a taste of some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from Evil). (Quran 30:41)

We are sinking in different types of pollution

Water Pollution.

Land pollution (Soil contamination by lead, heavy metals).

Air Pollution.

Noise Pollution.

Littering (spilling of oils in oceans).

Radioactive contamination.

Light Pollution.

Thermal pollution.

Therapeuticals

Drugs, Alcohol, Smoke.

Electronic waste pollution.

Mental and psychological pollution.

Plant and animal effects

The Consequences of Pollution

Physical effects of pollution Ecosystem dysfunction Environment, greenhouse

phenomena Climate change, global warming vs.

dimming Infrastructure and Development

Biological effects of pollution People Animals Plants

Millions of deaths occur all around the world due to various types of pollution.

The harmful effects of pollution take the life very slowly (silent killer).

Nearly 50% of deaths per year world over occur due to pollution.

Mental & Psychological pollution

Industrial societies produce

1- Not only Physical toxins and pollutantswhich harm humans physical health

2- Mental – psychological toxinswhich harm humans mental and psychological healthe.g. television, excessive noise, violent marketing tactics, Internet addiction, social media

Mental and Psychological pollution

Impact of Mental Pollution on Learningand Memory

Author links open overlay panel YakupCetin

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.431Get rights and content

Under a Creative Commons license

Similar to the way water, air, and environment pollution threatens human life, a high

amount of uncontrolled exposure to mental pollution may result in poor memory and

thus hinder learning.

Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of public on the side effects of various

media tools which may impact a society's level of literacy and education.

The purpose of this qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with different members of the society

including students, academics, and parents is to find out how people view mental pollution and whether or not they

are aware of its negative consequences. Besides the content analysis of transcribed interviews, this study also

elaborates on the pedagogical implications of mental pollution by providing helpful information to maintain a strong

memory.

Keywords: Mental pollution, memory, education. media

AbstractWith the advent of new technologies and their versatile products, people are

directly or indirectly subject to mental pollution

Contamination of mind by various forms affective visual stimuli mostly with

sexual, violent, and scary content ranging from short internet clips to popular

commercial advertisements widely prevalent in the digital and virtual

world.

Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.

A common cause: is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen supply and affects ecosystem composition.

Another source: of elevated water temperatures is the Urban runoff storm water discharged to surface waters from roads and parking lots

Fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by an abrupt change in water temperature (either a rapid increase or decrease)

known as "thermal shock."

The major sources of thermal pollution

Discharge of heated water or hot waste material into water bodies from

Nuclear power plant

Industrial effluents

Domestic sewage

Hydro-electric power

Coal fired power plants

Radioactive waste

Common Causes

Common Causes

Other causes are:

Deforestation1- The decrease in vegetation increases the of light that hits the water, which increases the temperature of the water 2- Deforestation also increases Soil Erosion

Soil erosion Makes the water muddy, which increases the light absorbed

Man made causes:•Water used as coolant & ejected back into water bodies•Release of cold water•Growing industrial activities•Chemical pollutants discharged into water•Livestock waste mixed into water•Water discharged from urban areas•Human waste, household & personal care products•Deforestation & soil erosion

Natural Geo-thermal activities:•Natural geothermal activities can stimulate lava and can cause a rise in water temperature, making way for thermal pollution.

Unawareness among people:•Growing thermal pollution is also the result of unawareness among people. Even after knowing the hazardous effects of thermal pollution on environment, there are abundant industries which are

continuously using ways that encourage this pollution.

Chief Causes of Thermal Pollution

•Thermal shock resulting in rise in temperature of water bodies

•Depleted level of oxygen in natural water•Contamination of water•Reduced solubility of oxygen in deep water

•Adverse effect on water plants•Adverse effects on water animals.

•Disturbance in biological activities of water animals -food chain

•Unfavorable Effect on Water Biodiversity .•Unexpected Migration of Water Animals

What are the Major Effects of Thermal Pollution?

Ecological effects of increased water temperature

Thermal shock

aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock when the temp is changed even 1 or 2 degrees.

Oxygen dissolved in water decreasesThis can harm aquatic animals (fish, amphibians and aquatic organisms)

Increases the rate of photosynthesiswhich increases the amount of plant growth, shorter lifespan and species overpopulation.

This can cause an algae bloom which reduces oxygen levels.

Increases the metabolic rate of fishwhich increases their need for oxygen And food . Fish and aquatic animals consume more food in a shorter time, leading to food

chains compromise.

Biotic effects of thermal pollution

Emigration of organisms to another, more suitable environment, and to in-migration of organisms that normally only live in warmer waters.

Food chains compromise in the old and new environments.

Biodiversity can be decreased as a result

High temperature limits oxygen dispersion into deeper waters, contributing to anaerobic conditions. This can lead to increased bacterialevels when there is ample food supply.

Many aquatic species will fail to reproduce at elevated temperatures.

Biotic effects of thermal pollution

Changes of even one to two degrees Celsius can cause significant changes in organism metabolism and other adverse cellular biology effects.

Principal adverse changes can include rendering cell walls less permeable to necessary osmosis, coagulation of cell proteins, and alteration of enzyme metabolism.

These cellular level effects can adversely affect mortality and reproduction

A large increase in temperature can lead to the denaturing of life-supporting enzymes by breaking down hydrogen- and disulphide bondswithin the quaternary structure of the enzymes. Decreased enzyme activity in aquatic organisms can cause problems such as the inability to break down lipids, which leads to malnutrition.

Dissolved Oxygen vs. Temperature

This 1988 thermal image of the Hudson river highlights temperature changes caused by discharge of2.5 billion gallons of water each day from the Indian Point power plant . The plant sits in the upperright of the photo - hot water in the discharge canal is visible in yellow and red , spreading andcooling across the entire width of the river . Two additional outflows from the Lovett coal-firedpower plant are also clearly visible against the natural temperature of the water , in green and blue .

Preventive and Control Measures for Thermal Pollution

Energy chips Desalination plants Less nuclear power

End shoreline deforestation Prevent soil erosion

Cooling ponds, man made bodies designed for cooling by evaporation, convection and radiation

Cooling towers , which transfer waste heat to the atmosphere through evaporation and/or heat transfer.

Cogeneration , a process where waste heat is recycled for domestic and/or industrial heating purposes .

Plant and animal effects

ANIMAL LIFE•Formation of the acid rain in the air damages fish life in lakes and streams•Rays from ozone layer with excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun may cause skin cancer in animals•Rays from ozone in the lower atmosphere may destroy lung tissues of the animals

Effects of Air Pollution

TREES AND PLANTS•Acid rains because of air pollution damages the trees and plants•Ultraviolet radiation from the sun owing to the hole in ozone layer directly impacts the trees and plants and deprives them of their natural features

Effects of Water Pollution

ON ANIMAL LIFE•Pollution nutrients cause excessive growth of toxic algae leading to the outbreak of diseases in fish•Chemically contaminated water suppresses frog and tadpole biodiversity•Oil pollution damages the growth of sea birds•Polluted water retards the reproductive efficiency of animals•Persistent organic pollutants contain the growth of fish and wipe out their breed•Excessive quantity of sodium chloride in water may kill animals

ON TREES AND PLANTS•It causes disruption in photosynthesis in aquatic plants with eventual negative impact on ecosystem•Contaminated water destroys flora and fauna in the water•Excessive sodium chloride in water affects the growth of the plants in the water

Effects of Soil Pollution

ON ANIMAL LIFE•Polluted soil may affect metabolism of microorganisms and arthropods which may contain the primary food chain putting negative impact on predator species•Insects may eat polluted soil which hits their biodiversity

ON TREES AND PLANTS•It reduce the crop yields owing to alteration in metabolism of plants•Trees and plants may intake oil contaminants and transfer them into food produce

Effects of Noise Pollution

•Like human beings, animals are also vulnerable to excessive noise and their nervous system may weaken•Effects of noise on their nerves may make them quite unpredictable and they become so dangerous•Animals loosen the grip over their mind because of noise beyond tolerable limits

ON ANIMAL LIFE

We are all involved to save our planet earth

• Be a mentor

• Be a resource

• Lead by example

• Always use best practices

The goal is to propagate the evidence based new scientific factsTo create a global awareness about the newly emerged rapidly growing lifestyle diseases and the way for prevention Every one is involved and is responsible to accomplishing this missionThe safest way possible is to follow the trustable sensible sources of informationsDo not to rely upon or be deceived by the accumulated funded historical lies and myths.

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