Dictionary of Pipeliner's TermsA DollyA trailer converter dolly that is towed from a single hitch located on the centerline of the towingunit.

A TrainA combination of vehicles composed of a tractor, a semitrailer and either an A Dolly and asemitrailer or a full trailer attached to the lead semitrailer in a like manner as if an A Dolly wereused.AC (Athey) wagonA tracked towing trailerAxle GroupAny number of consecutive axles on a vehicle through which weight is intended to be equallydistributed.Axle SpreadThe longitudinal distance between the extreme axle centers of the axle group.Axle WeightThe total weight transmitted to the highway by the axle or axle group.B TrainA combination of vehicles composed of a tractor, a semitrailer, followed by another semitrailerattached to the first semitrailer by the means of a fifth wheel mounted on the rear of the firstsemitrailer.Back EndThose crews behind the welding crewBackfillThe dirt/sand material used to cover the pipe in the ditchBeadThe root pass of the weldBeaver tailThe extreme rear sloped, fabricated steel portion of a lowbed trailer used to facilitate a tractormounting the trailer from the rearBell holeA widened and sloped section of the ditch where welders will work when doing a tie inBenderMachine for bending pipeBermA dyke of earth material formed to contain fluid, such as fuel, in case of a spill or leak, or to diverwater on a slope in the prevention of erosion.BlacktopTar sealed roadBladderSack like container for storing water, diesel or other liquidsBlasting matsLarge mats fabricated of tires secured tightly together with bolts and chains. Used to preventprojectiles of rock (flyrock) from becoming airborne out of the blasting site.Blow downReleasing air or water pressure through valves at a test head, after testing a section of pipe

Bone YardLay down area for equipment adjacent to the pipeline area, usually either at kick Off or the end ofthe line.BoomPipeline sideboom tractorBoxing a sagSquaring off the R.O.W. at a creek/river crossing BreakersOn hillsides and inclined slopes, the placement of sand bags or spraying of foam to surround thepipe, as a dam, to the top of the ditch, to prevent water flow and subsequent erosion around thepipe. Water breakers are berms built at an angle across the ROW to divert ground water andprevent ROW erosion.BucklesA deformity in the pipe resulting in an inward protruding bend, often caused by ditch rock,bending mistakesBuddy systemAn arrangement by which two workers work together to ensure the health and safety of eachother.BuffingGrinding the pipe with a wire brushBugThe automatic welding machine that welds inside or outside the pipe on a trackC DollyA trailer converter dolly, with a frame rigid in the horizontal plane that is towed from two hitcheslocated in a horizontal transverse line on the towing unit, that precludes any rotation in thehorizontal plane about the hitch points.C TrainA combination of vehicles composed of a tractor, a semitrailer, followed by another semitrailerattached to the first semitrailer by the means of a C Dolly.CAD weldingWelding test lead wire on the pipe and casingCalipersA type of tongs designed specifically for and used for lifting pipe - faster than hooking andunhooking slingsCapThe top pass of the weldCarry backOn setup and pipegang, the distance the pipe section is brought back to a "start stake" to ensurethat after the pipe section is lowered in, it will overlap the following section, necessitating theremoval of a "pup". The start stake is placed by the engineering crew to ensure a sufficientoverlap.ChainageThe accumulated length of the pipeline from Kickoff marked in kilometers and metersChargeAny explosive which is loaded, placed or fixed and which may or may not contain a primerCheaterA length of pipe used to lengthen the handle of another tool for the purpose of increasingleverage and power

Cherry PickerTruck mounted craneChokerA wire rope or synthetic sling used to encircle the pipe by passing one end through a loop in theother end thereby providing an attachment which can pull laterally as well as vertically Choking pipeWood skids, wedges or rock material used to stop pipe from rolling on a flat surfaceClamExcavating equipmentClampsA circular clamp that is hinged in half to facilitate encircling the pipe. Control the ends of two pipejoints or sections during tie in welding CoatingThe paint, plastic or dope the bare steel of the pipe is covered with from the factory or that is applied on the "Coating" crew Cold-wrappingApplying tape type coatings that do not require the application of heat CombinationA bend incorporating a sidebend and a sag or overbendComing-in-sideThe upstream side of a section or tie in.CouponsSections of cut pipe, used for practicing weldingCradleRoller slings for lowering in pipeCradlesA lifting device through which the pipe slides, fitted with multiple padded rollers and wheels, usedon Lower-in that rolls along a section while supporting it. Used to lower the pipe into the ditchCrotchA cradle of skids which prohibits sideways movement of the pipeCrumbing the ditchAhead of Lower-in removing material from the ditch that might damage the coating or cause abuckle in the pipe.Cutting bitThe business/cutting end of a road bore or directional drilling augerDanger ZoneA location within 6 meters of a piece of heavy equipmentDaylightingExposing a utility that was previously buriedDeadman tractorA tractor used as an anchor for a pipe section (such as on lowering-in) or when winchingequipment on steep slopesDetonating chordA flexible chord containing high explosives which may be used to detonate other explosivematerialsDiapersSorbent pads used to soak up oil spills

Ditch lineCenterline of ditch, marked by red stakes, stones or markers along the right of wayDitchsideThe side of the right of way on the opposite side of the ditchline from the workside, where thespoil pile is placedDog itStop heavy equipment operationDoglegAn irregularity in a straight line - in a pipe section, lay of the right of way etc.DonutInternal brace used in bending operation when end of pipe is near the die. Used to preventegging of pipeDownstreamThe direction the product will flow when in the pipeline is in serviceDozerCaterpillar tractor with a blade for pushing dirt or sandDragupTo quit or resignDragup TankA large tank built into the deck of a welders rigDrawbarStructural member of a sled, full trailer, pony trailer or trailer converter dolly that includes a devicefor the purpose of coupling with a trailer hitch, fifth wheel or hook on a slingDrill patternPredetermined pattern and spacing of bore holes for loading explosives on blasting crewEggingPipe becoming out of round, during bending process Eye ballingJudging by sight rather than using an instrumentFill lineSmall inch light wall pipe 6-10 inches diameter used to carry water from a water source to a fillpoint, during testing operationsFill pointA test point used to fill a pipe section with water for testingFinal Tie InsThe crew that welds together or ties in, after test, the tested sections to complete a continuouspipeline.Flume pipePipe used in ditches to control the flow of waterFlyrockRock projectiles ejected skyward from a blasting zoneForeign lineA pipeline that crosses the centerline of the new pipeline under constructionFront EndThose crews ahead of and including the welding crewGoing-out-sideThe downstream side of a section or tie in

GooseInternal hydraulically operated internal clamp used by pipegang welding crewGooseInternal clamp on front end welding crewGrousersHorizontal lugs on tracks of tracked equipmentHammer wrenchLarge wrench with square end designed to be struck by a sledge hammer. Used on Final Tie Increw when tightening flanges on valvesHandPipeline workerHeadache RackStrong (reinforced steel) barrier mounted on the back of the cab of a truck to prevent the loadsliding forward and breaching the rear cabin wall injuring the driverHeating coilsElectrical coils, used on the coating crew that are hinged to enable encircling and heat the pipe Heavy wall pipeMainline pipe with a thicker wall thickness than line pipeHigh boyA conventional truck trailer with deck approximately 5 foot off the groundHigh-lowWhen the pipe and weld is slightly out of trueHoardingPlastic over a wood frame used at a test point to maintain temperature of exposed test sectionHoe Rock HammerBackhoe fitted with rock hammerHolidayHole or gap in pipeline coatingHot DopeOld method of coating pipe with hot melted tar like substanceHot PassSecond weld layerHot-wrappingApplying tape type coatings that require the application of heat HotpassThe filler pass of the weldHustle skidsThe work involved in the loading/unloading of skids, building cradles to support the pipe etc.Jeep (Holiday detector)Electrical device used to detect abnormalities/holidays in pipeline coatingJointA length of pipeKick OffWhere the work starts on a pipeline project. The work site at the very beginning of a pipelinemainline or looping project.Kilometer postA post indicating the kilometer chainage from kickoff

LatheA stake, sharpened on one end, driven into the ground and used to mark centerline of ditch,chainage, or other purposeLine pipeThe mainline pipeline pipeLoad line hookThe hook that supports the weightLoopA parallel section of pipelineLoopingWork on a section of pipeline that parallels an existing pipeline system. Loose endThe free, open end of a longer section of pipeLow Boy/Low BedA low slung trailer used to haul heavy equipmentM-ScopeAn electronic device used to locate buried facilities: pipelines, powerlines etc.MandrelInternal, maneuverable die inside the pipe used in bending operationMormon BoardBackfilling implementMSDS SheetsMaterial Safety Data Sheets - Sheets providing the worker with information of hazardous productsso he may protect himselfMud boardA wooden elevated (4-5 inches) platform for welders to lie on when welding under the pipeNightcapCaps made out of material, plastic, wood etc to fit over and close off the end of the pipe toprevent entry of foreign materialOverbendA bend in the pipe that is convex - low on the ends and high in the middleP.I.Change in the direction of the right of way centerline, usually identified by a stake/lathe with thechainage written on itPaddingSelected finer material placed in the ditch, beneath, beside and on top of the pipe to preventdamage to the pipe or coating by rocks. Usually 8" is required under the pipe and 12" beside andon top of the pipe.PassA weld once around pipePigInternal pipeline cleaning or inspection devicePig CatcherA device for receiving a pigPowder manThe worker on a blasting crew whose job is to load explosives in the bore holes

Pulling headA heavy reinforced end cap for a pipe section with a towing eye, for sustained lateral pulling ofthat section, used on road bores and river/creek sectionsPupShort length of pipeQuadWelding machines mounted on a tractorReach RodLong rod with wheel on end which is used to control the mandrel inside the pipe when bendingpipe

ReamerA cutting head that increases the bore hole sizeRipperA vertical earth/rock cutting blade mounted on the back of a dozerRiver weightsCircular concrete weights attached to the pipe when pipe is laid under water or in wet swampyareas.

RoachA berm (mound of earth) over the pipelineRolling SeamsRotating pipe in a sling to locate the longitudinal factory seam at a desired position for pipebendingROWPipeline night-of-wayRubber boot sealThe seal between the casing and pipe on either ends of a road/river boreSafety FuseA flexible chord containing black powder which burns internally and is used to initiate a plaindetonatorSagA bend in the pipe that is concave - high on the ends and low in the middleSet in tractorThe tractor on the front-end pipegang crew that picks up each succeeding joint and sets it into thewelding clampsSetupThe phase of pipe handling which immediately follows bending. This crew positions the pipe advantageously for the welding crew to ensure minimum required handling by the front-endpipegang crew. It is also laid out as per carry back and other stakes left by the engineering crew Sho-FlyAccess road to pipeline construction ROWShoot a bendTo calculate the degrees of a bend with a transitShotrockBlasted shards of rockSidebendA bend in the pipe that directs the pipe to one side or the other

Silk screenFine mesh plastic screening used to filter sediment out of flowing water for environmentalpurposesSkidWooden support used to build supports for the pipeSliderA simple type of skid support for pipe joints/sectionsSlingLooped wire rope or synthetic line used for lifting pipeSneakyA manned internal pipe repair vehicle A pipeline construction projectSourmanEquipment with used to yoyo a drag bucket at a river crossingSpacersDevices strapped/bolted to the pipe to prevent it being damaged by the metal casing when thepipe is inserted into the casing. Used on road or river boresSpiral PipePipe with a spiral factory welded seamSplitterA length of safety fuse which notches at 50 millimeter (two inch) intervals and is used to ignitesafety fusesSpoil pileThe excavated ditch materialSpoonsLong handled (12-15 foot) shovels used ahead of lower-in cradles to remove rock from thecenterline of the ditch, under the pipe, which could cause buckles, when regulations prohibitworkers entering unsafe ditch. SpotterA worker designated to identify the appropriate location on the right of way to drop a load, park avehicle etc. to a driver or operator SpreadA pipeline construction projectSpread ManConstruction SuperintendentSpuddingIntentional penetration as in "spudding' pipe in a benderSqueeze ironIron from squeeze pump to test headStabberEmployee who helps line-up pipe for weldingStemming The material placed in the open end of a loaded hole which confines the explosive gasesStemming pilesLoaded bags of stemming material used in blastingStingerWelding rod and holder

Straw BossCrew foreman's lead workerStringingThe crew that moves the pipe from the pipeyard to the right of way and positions the joints alongthe right of way parallel to but sufficient distance from the ditchline SwabbingUsing a ring of pipe cut to a slightly smaller diameter than the line pipe with an outer layer of softrubber which is pulled through a joint of pipe to clean out the inside of the pipeSwamp matsHeavily constructed pads of wood used to support equipment in swampy areasTack RigWelding tractorTag linelength of rope attached to a suspended load which is used to control swinging motion in the loadTail chainChain on the end of a equipment winch line TampingCompressing of explosives into a hole usually by means of a rod designed for that purposeTest headA short section of pipe with a convex end cap and valves, welded to the end of a section. Used inthe filling of pipe and controlling pressure during testing operations. Test pointA location in a pipe section chosen to be used as a work site for testing operations, where thewelders have left two loose ends.To the houseGoing home after shiftTorpedoes/Moles/RocketsUnderground earth piercing toolsTow catTractor used to pull any equipment or vehicles stuck on the right of way.UpstreamThe direction from which the product will come from when in serviceUtilityAny pipeline, buried or overhead powerline, fiber optic cable, sewer etc.WobbleA strike. Workers collectively refuse to go to work in support of some demandWorksideThe side of the right of way on which the equipment and vehicular traffic moveYoyoUsing bucket on a drag line to get ditch depth at a river crossing