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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWEDGE OF HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS REGARDING JUNK FOODS IN SELECTED URBAN

SCHOOLS OF BANGALORE DISTRICT WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN

INFORMATION PAMPHLET.

M.Sc. Nursin Diss!r"#"i$n Pr$"$c$% su&'i""!( "$

ajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore.

B)MR. CHANKRA PANI .P.S

M.Sc NURSING * ST YEAR

+,**-+,*+

Un(!r " ! Gui(#nc! $/

HOD0 D!1#r"'!n" $/ CHILD HEALTH NURSING

ANURADHA COLLEGE OF NURSING0G#n( #(#2#3#%0

H! #n# #%%i cr$ss0

Vis 4#n!!(#' 1$s"0

B#n #%$r! 56*

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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES0

BANGALORE0 KARNATAKA

ANNE7URE 5 II

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR

DISSERTATION

1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE ANDADDRESS

MR. CHAKRAPANI. P.SANURADHA COLLEGEOF NURSING0BANGALORE.

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE ANURADHA COLLEGEOF NURSING

3 COURSE OF STUDY 8 SUBJECT * ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSINGCHILD HEALTHNURSING

4 DATE OF ADMISSION5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

TO ASSESS THEKNOWLEDGE OF HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTSREGARDING JUNKFOODS IN SELECTEDURBAN SCHOOLS OFBANGALORE DISTRICTWITH A VIEW TODEVELOP ANINFORMATIONPAMPHLET9

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:. Bri!/ R!su'! $/ " ! In"!n(!( W$r2

In"r$(uc"i$n

;W! #r! %i3in in # 4$r%( "$(#) 4 !r! %!'$n#(! is '#(! /r$' #r"i/ici#% /%#3$urs #n(

/urni"ur! 1$%is is '#(! /r$' r!#% %!'$ns9

- A%/r!s E N!4'#n

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually

of plant or animal origin & contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates fats proteins

vitamins or minerals.

!un" food is a term describing food that is perceived to be unhealthy or having poor

nutritional value according to Food #tandards $gency. %he term is believed to have been coined

by ichael !acobson director of the center for science in the public interest in 1'(2. %he term

has since become common usage. !un" food includes those food items that do not add any value

to a person)s diet. *ere value denotes essential nutrients vitamins and minerals. 1

#treet food and fast food are also ta"en in the same conte+t as !un". ,hen e spea" of

street food the fact that it)s coo"ed in unhealthy conditions ma"es it more unhealthy than the

same food made at home. oming to the latter fast food is the "ind of food item hich can bemade and served /uic"ly. %he biggest irony regarding 0un" food is the fact that it)s mostly

prepared out of healthy food.

oming to Indian !un" food locally called haat) these mostly include the #amosas achoris

anipuris golgappas are fried items ith various filling ithin an outer layer made of refined

flour. 2

In India even hinese food sold in road side stalls is !un" food because they contain high

amount of onosodium lutamate 6 # 7 hich is a flavor enhancer and this # is recogni8ed

as a health ha8ard if ta"en in larger /uantities. %he evidence for this is described belo .

*erbert 61''(7 conducted a study to determine hether the sub0ects had a statistical

difference in the incidence of their specific symptoms after ingestion of onosodium lutamate3

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6 # 7 compared ith placebo. %he study selected 91 sub0ects. First 5gm onosodium glutamate

6 # 7 as administered in random se/uence in a double-blind fashion. #ub0ects ho reached

only to a single test agent under ent rechallenge in random se/uence in a double-blind fashion

ith placebo. %he result revealed that 1: 62'.5;7 responded to neither placebo nor onosodium

lutamate. 96'.:;7 to both 15 624.9;7 to placebo and 22 639.1;7 to onosodium lutamate.

%otal average severity of symptoms after ingestion of onosodium lutamate ere greater than

after placebo ingestion. %he symptoms li"e headache muscle tightness numbers tingling general

ea"ness and flushing occurred more fre/uently after onosodium lutamate ingestion. %he

study concluded that onosodium lutamate reproduced symptoms in alleged sensitive persons.

eople need to apply some common sense and decide for themselves hat is right for

them and hat)s not. $nd it has been proven that high fat sugar foods leads to obesity increase in

cholesterol high blood pressure and cardiac problems. #o everybody must "eep certain amount of

a areness about food nutrition so that healthy choices can be made. 3

Finally the investigator feel the need to mention that many children in some parts of the

orld are dying of starvation everyday and they don)t have this great choice to ma"e. $ny food

hether !un" or other ise ould be life for them.

:.* N!!( /$r " ! s"u()

;W! %i3! in #n # ! 4 !n Pi

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%raditionally it has been parents ho have ta"en leadership in deciding hat their "ids are

going to eat. >> high school students. %he survey disclosed that 53; of

children in handigarh spend an average of @s. (>> to 1>>> every month on 0un" food in school

canteens. $nother alarming finding as that 5'; of the food served in canteens as 0un" food. It

revealed that "ids prefer to snac" on 0un" food hich is heavy in fats salt and sugar and arns

that if the trend continues the "ids are set to develop lifestyle diseases. :

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$n alarming trend on the rise is that of 0un" food. It is of the utmost importance that

children do not over indulge in 0un" food. Ampty calories in soft drin"s and fatty foods promote

obesity responsible for many of the health problems plaguing the planet.

Bbesity can have a deep effect on a child)s life increasing ris" of numerous health

problems. #uch as heart disease hypertension and stro"e type 2 diabetes high level of cholesterol

and sleep apnoea. Bbese children also face a higher ris" of developing liver diseases orthopedic

problems and asthma. '

$ study as conducted by %racee ornforth on young adults of age 1: to 3> years to find

the effect of eating fast food for teens. %he study selected 3 >31 young blac" and hite adults.

%he participants ere as"ed about ho often they eat brea"fast lunch or dinner at fast food

restaurants. =ata as collected by /uestionnaire and by doing physical e+amination. %he result

revealed that adverse impact on participants eight and insulin resistance as seen in both blac"s

and hites ho ate fre/uently at fast food restaurants. %he study concluded that blac"s visited fast

food restaurants more fre/uently than hites. 1>

Coung children are not capable of understanding that the advertising is intended to

manipulate their feelings and alter their behavior.

%here is no better time than no to built a supportive environment for nurturing children

and endo ing them ith a legacy of good health. 11

$s health professionals are engaged directly in the largest preventable health crisis faced

by the country being an investigator ould li"e to utilise this opportunity to impart the ill-effects

of 0un" food.

B ing to the investigator she is itnessed many children having more choice or taste

to ards the 0un" foods hen compared to healthy food being una are of the ill effects of those

yummy items they choose.

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school students regarding 0un" food and update their level of "no ledge by providing

informational boo"let.

:.+ R!3i!4 $/ %i"!r#"ur!%he purpose of revie of literature is to obtain comprehensive "no ledge base and in the

department of information from previous studies.

S$nic# Tucun(u3# P i%i11i =+,**> conducted cross sectional study to evaluate the

consumption of beverage and soft drin"s by adolescents of a public school in #ao aulo conducted a cross sectional study to provide locally specific evidence

around the e+posure a areness and effect of !un" food advertising and promotion to children and

adolescents in Fi0i. %he study selected a total of :: primary school students and 1>3 secondary

school students from high schools in #uva Fi0i. %he data as collected by /uestionnaire. $

combination of Api data and icrosoft e+cel ere used in analysis. #tatistical significance as

determined using a chi s/uare test. %he result revealed that the secondary school participants ere

statistically more li"ely to atch television on more days of the ee" than the primary school

participants. %he study concluded that children and adolescents in #uva are being e+posed to and

affected by the !un" food advertisements hich are abundant in their daily environment 13

Y#n M !" #% =+,,?> conducted a e+perimental study on factors related to top 1> !un"

foods consumption at : to 19 years of age in *aidian district of

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adolescent. %he study selected 1>1' children. $ /uestionnaire survey as done to collect data.

%he result revealed that one month prior to the study '(.5>; of children and adolescent had eaten

atleast one type of !un" food and 15.::; of them had eaten all types of them. %he study

concluded that eating !un" food is a popular event among children and adolescent and the

education strategies on nutrition should be developed and launched in order to help children

develop their o n healthy eating behaviors 14.

M#n1r!!" K#ur =+,,?> conducted a study to determine the prevalence of consumption of

fast food among school children and their "no ledge regarding the food they eat. #tudy as

conducted on 1> different schools comprising of 2939 children. %he data as obtained by

/uestionnaire. %he result revealed that 5>; of the children atched fast food being advertised on

television and (>; ere not a are of the nutritional conte+t of this food consumed by them. %he

study concluded that children in urban schools li"ed !un" food but they preferred to have these in

bet een meals and believed that food advertised as healthy 15.

Di@$n H G =+,, > conducted a cross-sectional survey to e+amine associations bet een

children)s regular %D vie ing habits and their food related attitudes and behavior and an

e+periment assessing the impact of varying combinations of %D advertisements for unhealthy and

healthy foods on children)s dietary "no ledge attitude and intentions. %he study selected '1'grade five and si+ students from different schools in elbourne $ustralia. =ata as collected by

survey method. @esult revealed that ads for nutritious foods promote selected positive attitudes

and beliefs concerning these foods. %he study concluded that changing the food advertising

environment on children)s %D to on here nutritious foods are promoted and !un" foods are

relatively unrepresented ould help to normali8e and reinforce healthy eating 19.

K!%%) N. A%%!n =+,, > conducted study on effectiveness of nutrition education on fast food

choices in adolescents. %he purpose of the study as to gain insight as to ho food choices in a

simulated fast food environment might be influenced by nutrition education in a group of

adolescents. %he study selected 1> adolescents. articipants ere as"ed to choose food items from

a fast food restaurant menu. %heir chosen meals nutrition as calculated. Follo ing a 3> minutes

nutrition education session participants ere again as"ed to choose a meal from the same fast

:

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food menu. %he result revealed that there as a statistically significant difference of the meals

chosen after nutrition education. %he study concluded that this short nutrition education

intervention resulted in healthier fast food choices in this group of adolescents 1( .

Y#'#'$"$ JB =+,, > conducted study to determine hether adolescents ill modify

their ordering behavior if calorie and fat nutrition information is posted on the restaurant menu.

%he study selected 1>9 adolescents aged 11 to 1: years and ere as"ed to order a dinner of their

choice from 3 different restaurant menus. %he result revealed that (5 did not change any of their

orders 31 did change some orders and only ' changed their orders. %he study concluded that the

provision of calorie and fat content information on the menu did not modify the food ordering

behavior for the ma0ority of adolescents 1: .

#nJ#n =+,, > conducted e+perimental study on effect of nutrition education on the

"no ledge and practice of school children regarding !un" food inta"e. %he study as conducted

on 4:( students in t o control and treatment groups. =ata as collected by /uestionnaire. %he

results revealed that nutrition education plays a crucial important role in improvement of

"no ledge and practice particularly in school 1' .

Eric# G#rci#-L# $ =+,, > conducted study to test the hypothesis that over eight

adolescents are more susceptible to adverse effects of fast food than lean adolescents. %he study

selected 29 over eight and 2: lean adolescents aged 13-1( years. %he samples ere fed large fast

food meal in food court and instructed to eat as desired in 1 hour and assessed energy inta"e under

free living conditions for 2 days hen fast food as consumed. =ata ere collected by direct

observation and telephone. @esult revealed that mean energy inta"e from fast food meal among all

participants as e+tremely large and over eight participants ate more than lean participants. %he

study concluded that adolescents over consumed fast food regardless of their body eight 2>.

S #n" ) A. B$4'#n =+,, > conducted a study to test the hypothesis that fast food

consumption adversely affects dietary factors lin"ed to obesity ris" the study selected 9212

children in adolescents of age 4 to 1' years in Enited #tates. #urvey as done to collect the data.

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%he result revealed that 3>.3; of total sample reported consuming fast food. hildren ate more

total energy and had poorer diet /uality on days ith compared ith ithout fast food. %he study

concluded that consumption of fast food among children in the Enited #tates seems to have an

adverse effect on dietary /uality in ays that plausibly could increase ris" for obesity 21.

JA. Fu%2!rs$n =+,,*> conducted a study to e+amine demographic behavioral and dietary

correlates of fre/uency of fast food restaurant use in a community based sample of adolescent

students. %he study selected 4(49 adolescents from 31 schools in innesota Enited #tates. =ata

as collected by survey. =ietary inta"e as assessed using a semi-/uantitative food fre/uency

/uestionnaire. *eight and eight ere directly measured. @esults revealed that fre/uency of fast

food restaurant use as positively associated ith inta"e of total energy and availability of

unhealthy foods and inversely associated ith peer concerns about healthy eating. %he study

concluded that fre/uency of fast food restaurant use is associated ith higher energy and fat

inta"e among adolescents and intervention to reduce fast food restaurants needs to perceive

importance of healthy eating 22.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

$ descriptive study to assess the "no ledge of high school students regarding

0un" foods in selected urban schools of

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:. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION n$4%!( ! In this study "no ledge refers to the correct response given by high school students

to the /uestionnaire regarding !un" food in urban schools.

Jun2 /$$( In this study it refers to any food item such as soft drin"s chips pi88a ice creamhamburgers coo"ies bread biscuits ca"es fried foods etc that have poor nutritional value and

contains sugars fats oil & salt hich are considered as unhealthy for children and available at

school canteens colleges nearby shops restaurants and road side.

Hi sc $$% s"u(!n"s In this study it refers to both male and female students of : th -1> th standard

ho are studying in selected schools bet een the age group of 13-19 years

Urn sc $$% %he high school hich is situated in to n or city.

In/$r'#"i$n &$$2%!" In this study informational boo"let refers to systematically prepared health

pac"age hich includes information regarding definition types effects tips to promote healthy

eating. !un" food hich can be easily understood by high school students irrespective of their

"no ledge.

:. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H* %here ill be significant difference in the "no ledge regarding !un" food among high school

students studying in urban schools.

H+ %here is a significant association bet een demographic variables ith "no ledge scores of

high school students studying in selected urban schools.

:.: ASSUMPTIONS

1. Increasing the "no ledge of high school students studying in urban schools regarding

!un" food have a positive impact on preventing chronic health problems.

2. no ledge on !un" food closely associated ith some demographic characteristics such

as age se+ study atmosphere family type parent occupation inade/uate "no ledge etc.

among high school students.

3. Information boo"let enhances the "no ledge regarding !un" food among urban high

school students.

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:. DELIMITATIONS

- %he study is limited to high school students studying in urban schools.

- %he study is limited to a sample of :> high school students.

- %his study cannot be generali8ed.

:.? PILOT STUDY

%he pilot study ill be conducted on : high school students aged 13-19 years. %he purpose

of the pilot study is to find out the feasibility of conducting study and design on plan of

statistical analysis. %he findings of the pilot study samples ill not be included in the main

study.

:.6 VARIABLES

@esearch variables are the concepts of various levels of abstractions that are entered

manipulated and collected in a study.

D!'$ r#1 ic 3#ri#&%!s $ ge gender family type socio-economic status parent

occupation educational status income of family.

D!1!n(!n" 3#ri#&%!s no ledge of high school students ho are studying in urbanschools regarding !un" food.

., MATERIALS AND METHODS OF THE STUDY

%his study is designed to compare the "no ledge regarding !un" food among high school

students studying in schools

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.*. RESEARCH SETTING

%he study ill be conducted in selected urban schools

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%he structured /uestionnaire is used to collect the data from high school students.

%he structured /uestionnaire format contains /uestion of the follo ing sections.

S!c"i$n A Guestions related to demographic variables

S!c"i$n B Guestions hich aims to assess the "no ledge related to !un" food.

.+.: PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

%he data collected ill be analy8ed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics.

D!scri1"i3! s"#"is"ics

ean standard deviations and mean percentage of sub0ects ill be used to analy8e the

level of "no ledge regarding !un" food.

In/!r!n"i#% s"#"is"ics %he chi s/uare test ill be used to find out the association bet een socio demographical

variables and "no ledge score.

.+. TIME AND DURATION OF THE STUDY

%he time and duration of the study ill be limited to 9 ee"s as per the guidelines of

university.

. DOES THE STUDY RE UIRED ANY INVESTIGATION ORINTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR OTHER

HUMAN OR ANIMAL IF SO0 PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY

Ho since the study is descriptive study interventions are not re/uired.

. HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION

Ces the pilot study and main study ill be conducted after the approval from the researchcommittee. ermission ill be obtained from the concerned head of the institutions. %he

purpose and details of the study ill be e+plained to the study sub0ects and an informed

consent ill be obtained from them. $ssurance ill be given to the study sub0ects on the

confidentiality and anonymity of the data collected from them.

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?., LIST OF REFERENCES

1. $s" Ancyclopedia. $vailable from http i"i.as".com food

2. Fran" =ia8 @aising A+cellent "ids in Insane orld fear of food.$vailable from http .north0ersey.com community 1249'3:4-@aising-A+cellent-"ids-in-an-Insane- orld-fear-of -food-pait-1.html

3. Is !un" food healthy $vailable fromhttp .chillibree8e.com articles-various !un"-food.asp

4. hildren and !un" food ? available from

http .indiaparenting.com food-and-nutrition 59-11:9 children-and-!un"-food.html

5. !ohn robbin. Is c. =onald)s betraying our "ids by barrabing them ith !un" food ads

$vaible from http .*uffingtonpost.com 0ohnJroobins9. !un" food. i"ipedia.

$vailable from http en. i"ipedia.org i"i 0un"food

(. #teep rise in fast food consumption in India ?

$vaible from http .fnbne s.com article detne s.'.asp articleid-2'>1'

:. @a0an alia study on 5'; high schools serve !an" food $pril 2: 2>11

$vailable from http articles.timesofindia.com

'. *armful effects of 0un" food.

$vailable from http .healthy0un"ie.com article.asp articleidK24599andharmful-

effects-of-0un"-food

1>. %racee cornforth.Aating fast food means eight gain Insulin resistance for teens.2>>' !uly

1'.

$n from http omenshealth.about.com od girlshealth1>1 a fastfoodteen ei.html

11. hildren and !un" food

$viable from http .Indiaparenting.com food-and-nutrition 59-11:9 children-and-

0un"-food.html12. amilla chermont .Astima #onia %ucunduva hilippi Arica Lie $ra"i reisse Diero

#.Leal arcelle Flores artine8 arle dos #antos $lvarenga.

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13. #ilvia *ope. @eport on research underta"en in Fi0i in 2>1>. $vailable from

http .pacifichealthvoices.org

14. Mhu # =ing C! LE NF ,ang *, Cang ,ang N hao N= Mhao M. $ study on

factors related to top 1> !un" food consumption at : to 19 years of age in *aidian district

of : $ugustO 2'6:7 (5(-92. $vailable

from http .ncbi.nlm.gov pubmed 1'1>31>( .

15. anpreet aur. !aypee)s International !ournal of clinical pediatric =entistry 2>>:

#eptember-=ecember 1617 13-19.

19. =i+on * #cully L ,a"efield $ ,hite D ra ford =$. %he effects of

television advertisements for !un" food versus nutritious food on children)s food attitudes

and preferences. !ournal of #oc #ci ed 2>>( BctoberO 956(7 1311-23. $vailable from

http .ncbi.nlm.gov pubmed 1(5:(4(4 .

1(. elly H. $llen !ulie #mith %aylor @uth $nne uiper. Affectiveness of Hutrition

education on fast food choices in adolescents. %he 0ournal of school nursing. =ecember

2>>( volume 23 number 9. 33(-341.

1:. Camamoto !$ Camamoto !< Camamoto >5 HovemberO 3(657 3'(-4>2. $vailable fromhttp .ncbi.nlm.gov pubmed 1922(125

1'. Man!an. %he scientific 0ournal of Man0an Eniversity of edical sciences !une 2>>5volume 13 number 51.

2>. ara >4O

2'1 6237 2:2:-2:3:. $vailable from http 0ama.ama-assn.org

21. #hanthy $.

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22. # $ French #tory = Heumar"-#8tainer *annan ! $ Ful"erson. International

!ournal of Bbesity 2>>1 =ecember volume 25 Humber 12 pages 1:23-1:33. $vailable

from http .nature.com .

1(

http://www.nature.com/http://www.nature.com/

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1:

9 SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11 **.* NAME AND DESIGNATION OFGUIDE

**.+ SIGNATURE

**. CO-GUIDE

**. SIGNATURE

**. HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

**.: SIGNATURE

12 *+.* REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL.

*+.+ SIGNATURE