WR_BT05_E1_1 HSDPA Technology

ZTE University

Driver to HSDPA

HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial

Application

HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Content

Competition to operator

Introduce HSDPA

to WCDMA

2.5G

GPRS: 9.05 -171.2kbit/s,

Service deployment is bad

CDMA2000 1x: 153.6kbit/s,

Service deployment is good

3G

CDMA 1x EV-DO: 2.4Mbit/s

WCDMA R99/R4: 2Mbit/s

Peak data rate (Kbps)

Mean data rate (Kbps)

R99

The driver to HSDPA

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSDPA is a new technology to enhance WCDMA PS data

service

HSDPA gives subscribers new experience of more higher

speed data service with shorter time delay

HSDPA brings more bandwidth and more online subscribers

It is necessary and feasible to introduce HSDPA to WCDMA

network

With consideration of network planning and deployment cost,

HSDPA should be applied at the beginning, or at least the

Node B should hardware ready for HSDPA

HSDPA brings new requirement of transmission and network

planning. Pay more attention to it

HSDPA, Mature technology

2002.6 R5 released

2003.6 HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) was added into R5

HSDPA is smoothly evolved from WCDMA R99 without any big effect to the

existing R99 network

1 new transport channel: HS-DSCH

3 new physical channels：HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH

MAC-hs sub-layer, HARQ (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest), Fast

Scheduling and AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)

HSDPA --Max. downlink data rate: 14.4Mbps

Competition advantage of HSDPA

Standard Data rate (Mbps) Subscribers per cell

WCDMA R99/R4 2M31×PS64k, 15×PS128k or 7×PS384k

(SF=32, SF=16 or SF=8)

HSDPA 14.4

64

(117.7kbps per user, SF=16, R=3/4,

16QAM)

CDMA2000 1x EV-

DO2.4

59

(only tens of kbps, 200kbps when 8

users is configured)

HSDPA supports more users while provides higher data rate!

Perspective of HSDPA application

HSDPA Modem

HSDPA fixed terminal

Flexible access

Higher data rate

More users

Richer service

Obvious advantage to compete with

other 3G technology like CDMA2000

HSDPA data card

HSDPA PDA

Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX)

and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of

broadband wireless access

HSDPA handset

HSDPA Modem

HSPDA data card

HSDPA PDAWCDMA R99/R4 coverage

HSDPA coverage

HSDPA, roundly improves the value of WCDMA network

Driver to HSDPA

HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial

Application

HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Content

Evolve from R99/R4 to HSDPA

L2

L1

DSCH

FP

RLC

L2

L1

DSCH

FP

Iub/ Iur

PHY

MAC

PHY

RLC

Uu

MAC-d

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

MAC-hs

PHY

(add 3

channels)

RNC, Node B: add HS-DSCH FP protocol process, involve Iub/Iur

Node B: add MAC-hs, responsible for AMC, HARQ, etc.

Node B: add 3 physical channels: HS-PDSCH,HS-SCCH,HS-DPCCH

UE: add MAC-hs, physical channels and process, modulation

MAC

(add

MAC-hs)

PHY

(add

process)

UE UTRAN

New physical channels of HSDPA

HS-PDSCH is the bearer of HS-DSCH, transfer HSDPA user data (downlink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 16, multiple users & multiple codes, modulation method: QPSK and 16QAM

HS-SCCH bears information of HS-DSCH such as UE specialized mask code, modulation and coding policy, etc. (downlink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 128

HS-DPCCH bears feedback information of HS-PDSCH such as Channel Quality Indication (CQI), H-ARQ confirm information ACK/NACK, etc. (uplink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 256

R99 channel

HSDPA channel

DCCH(Signaling) + UL DTCH (PS traffic)

DL DTCH (PS traffic)

HSDPA working procedure

RNCNode B

(AMC and HARQ)

Data Packet

AMC, modulation and coding selection

HARQ, lowers the time delay, improves the data throughput

Fast scheduling, quick decision

②Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting

④Receive data from HS-DSCH according to Detecting HS-SCCH

Key technology: AMC (1)

Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Node B can adjust modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) and coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc) in time according to the feedback channel state from UE. So data transferring can follow the step of channel state changing in time, it is a good technology for link self-adaptive

For long time delay packet data, AMC can improve system capacity without add interference to neighbor cells

Standard AMC Remark

R99/R4 N Quick power control

HSDPA Y Satisfy 15dB SIR dynamic range

Key technology: AMC (2)

Node B

CQI (Report periodically)

Modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) self-adaptive

Good channel state: 16QAM

Bad channel state: QPSK

Coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc.) self-adaptive

Good channel state: 3/4

Bad channel state: 1/3

Efficiently utilize the channel condition

Good channel state: higher speed

Bad channel state: lower speed

Codes adjusting

Good channel state: more codes

Bad channel state: fewer codes

Key technology: AMC (3)

Standard Data rate (kbps) SF Modulation Coding rate

R99/R4 384 8 QPSK 1/2

HSDPA 720 16 16QAM 3/4

HSDPA, the service bearing ability of one channel is further larger than R99/R4 by using more efficient modulation and coding rate, while SF is twice as R99/R4

As using bigger SF, system can support more users

HSDPA, R99/R4 channel bearing ability comparisonMultiple coding rates

Key technology: AMC (4)

Modulation coding

rate

Data rate

(1 code)

Data rate

(5 codes)

Data rate

(15 codes)

QPSK 1/4 120kbps 600kbps 1.8Mbps

QPSK 1/2 240kbps 1.2Mbps 3.6Mbps

QPSK 3/4 360kbps 1.8Mbps 5.4Mbps

16QAM 1/2 480kbps 2.4Mbps 7.2Mbps

16QAM 3/4 720kbps 3.6Mbps 10.8Mbps

HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate

HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM, 3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology

In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channel condition

Multiple coding rates

Key technology: HARQ (1)

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) is a combined technology with Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)

HARQ can provide flexible and subtle adjustment for its process by cooperated with AMC

Standard HARQ Remark

R99/R4 NFEC is in high layer

ARQ is in RLC layer, channel feedback is slow

HSDPA Y Includes physical layer HARQ and HARQ entity in MAC-hs

L1 HARQ

HARQ

MAC-hs

TFRC

L1

L2

Key technology: HARQ (2)

Advantage: improve transferring reliability

Disadvantage: lower utilization in bad

channel state

Advantage: good performance in

lower Bit Error Rate (BER)

Disadvantage: bad performance in

high BER

F

E

C

A

R

Q

H

A

R

Q

Combine FEC and ARQ, each

sending packet includes error

detection bit and error correction bit

Error packet A

Packet A

Packet A

Error packet

A

Packet A

Packet A

missing data

Packet

A

missing

data

HARQ phase I

（Resending is in RNC，R99）

HARQ phase II, III

（Resending is in Node B, HSDPA）

Packet A

Discard Reserve

Resend

whole packet Resent data

Soft combinationPacket BPacket B

Send SendReceive Receive

Lower efficiency

Longer time delay

Higher efficiency

Shorter time delay

Key technology: Quick scheduling (1)

With quick channel

feedback, HSDPA

can suitably adjust

coding rate, codes,

modulation, etc. in

time according to

the channel state

Standard TTI (ms)Channel feedback

time delay (ms)Remark

R99 10 100 (at least)

HSDPA 2 5.67

Supports continuous

feedback, R5 also

supports 10ms TTI

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI)

HS-SCCH

2 TS 7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip N TS

1 TS = 2560 ChipHSDPA channel

feedback time delay

is about 8.5 TS

Quick channel

feedback

Key technology: Quick scheduling (2)

Scheduling policy

Time fairness

Traffic fairness

Max-C/I

Proportional fairness

Every user get equal service time, but the traffic

maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the

lowest traffic

Every user get the same traffic, but the time

maybe not equal, has the lower utility of system

resource because it will schedule the UE with

bad channel state

Only the user in best channel state (biggest C/I)

will get the service priority in each turn, the

biggest traffic but has the worst fairness

Weighted compromise of above algorithms and

has bigger system traffic and better service

fairness

Advantage of HSDPA

Comparing item R99/R4 HSDPA

System capacity (Mbps) 2.668 14.4

Spectrum efficiency

(Kbit/(MHz*Cell))537.6 2795.2

System handover

Inter-frequency hard HO

Intra-frequency soft HO

Intra-frequency softer HO

Inter-system HO (GSM)

Only hard handover

Power controlOpen loop, Close loop (Inner loop, Outer loop)

PC, Quick, Slow PC

HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC or even

no power control

Modulation QPSK QPSK, 16QAM

Link adaptive technology Quick PC and soft HOAMC, HARQ, Short TTI and Quick

channel feedback

MAC-hs N/A For faster scheduling

Provides various speed

with stable power

(stable power,

adjustable speed)

Adjust power to

guarantee service speed

(stable speed,

adjustable power)

HSDPA R99/R4

Driver to HSDPA

HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial

Application

HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Content

Terminal Changing caused by HSDPA

Powerful 3G terminals

Much more powerful, attractive HSDPA terminals

faster processor

larger memory

advanced receive and process algorithm

16QAM demodulation, multiple decoding

MAC-hs process

multiple codes

HSDPA terminal, first choice for high-end commercial application

HSDPA PC card (MU330)

Functions

WCDMA 2.1GHz, GSM900/1800/1900

WCDMA 384KDL/128KUL, GPRS Class 10

SMS, Voice

HSDPA

ETSI AT command interface

OS: Windows 2000, XP

Language: Chinese, English, etc.

3V SIM/USIM card

HSDPA handset (Q508)

Functions

WCDMA, GSM900/1800/1900

WCDMA 384DL/128KUL, GPRS Class 10

Voice, MMS, WAP, Email, JAVA, Download

Video phone, Streaming media, PTT

LCS (A-GPS)

MP3/MPEG4

Blue tooth/USB/mini-SD

HSDPA

Specs

Dual camera (2000K pixels)

Dual LCD: 260K colors

Main LCD: 2.2”（240×320）

MIDI: 72 chord

HSDPA terminal category and capability

UE categoryMaximum

channels

Minimal TTI

interval

Maximum service speed

(Mbps)Modulation

Category 1-6 5 3 - 1 1.2~3.65

QPSK

16QAM

Category 7 10 1 7.2

Category 8 10 1 7.2

Category 9 15 1 10.12

Category 10 15 1 14.4

Category 11-12 5 2 1.8 QPSK

Different UE supports various channels, minimal TTI and other parameters

UE listed in Category 11 is in worst receive capability, Category 10 is the best

HSDPA terminal

HSDPA handset HSDPA pc card HSDPA PDA

HSDPA commercial process

Terminals

2005 2Q, several manufacture promote HSDPA trial version terminal

2005 4Q, promote commercial HSDPA terminal

Operator to deploy HSDPA

Cingular plan to deploy HSDPA in major city, 2006; till the end of 2006, to

provide the HSDPA service in most part of metropolitans.

NTT Docomo will deploy HSDPA in first quarter 2006; In UK, mmO2 will

launch the service in fourth quarter 2005；in HK H3G will provide commercial

service in first quarter 2006

HSDPA standard has been determined

HSDPA has adequate test instruments

HSDPA technology has been tested in application

Manufactures has provided HSDPA commercial terminals in 2005

USA, Japan and the other operators start the HSDPA network construction

ZTE equipment are HSDPA ready

High data service brings new experience

Colorful email Multi-access

This resturant looks

nice! Yeah, let’s go

there tomorrow.

Adopt the HSDPA, operator can provide higher bandwidth service.

To deploy new service.

Multimedia Download

NEWS MOVIE MUSIC

Cartoon mail

Driver to HSDPA

HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial

Application

HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Content

HSDPA link budget R99/R4 link budget

Mode1 Mode2 Mode3 CS12.2 CS64 PS384

TX

NodeB TX power 40 40 40 27 30 38

Antenna gain 18 18 18 18 18 18

Cable loss 2 2 2 2 2 2

EIFR 56 56 56 43 46 54

RX

Thermal noise density -174 -174 -174 -174 -174 -174

Thermal noise -108.157 -108.157 -108.157 -108.1566878 -108.1566878 -108.157

Noise figure 5 5 5 5 5 5

Interference margin 3 3 3 3 3 3

Service rate 423 368 635 12.2 64 384

Code number 5 4 5 1 1 1

Process gain 19.579909 10.18483 7.815575 24.9797 17.7815125 10

Eb/No 9 9 9 7.2 7.1 6.4

Rx sensibility -100.737 -101.342 -98.9723 -117.9364017 -110.8382003 -103.757

UE antenna gain 0 0 0 0 0 0

Body loss 0 0 0 2 0 0

HSDPA can achieve the same coverage as R99/R4 under same data rate

Link budget for HSDPA

HSDPA link budget R99/R4 link budget

Mode1 Mode2 Mode3 CS12.2 CS64 PS384

Others

Fast fading margin 0 0 0 2 2 2

Soft handover gain 0 0 0 2 2 2

Fading deviation 8 8 8 8 8 8

Penetration loss 20 20 20 20 20 20

Max path loss 128.7366 129.3415 126.9723 130.9364017 128.8382003 129.7567

HSDPA can achieve the same coverage as R99/R4 under same data rate

Link budget for HSDPA

HSDPA construction solution

Network

construction

plan

Frequency

point

assignment

Resource condition Advantage and

disadvantage

Recommended

deployment

Intra-

frequency

plan

F1:

HSDPA+R99/R4

Less inter-frequency

handover, admission

control, load control

and power control can

be achieved within one

same frequency cell.

Advantage:

easy to do resource

control

Disadvantage: do

not have user detail

classification

After the network

construction

finished, to

achieve the high

demand of voice

and PS downlink.F2:

HSDPA+R99/R4

Inter-

frequency

plan

F1: R99/R4

Situation I: if HSDPA

frequency point support

normal handset, all the

resource have to be

assigned within various

different frequency cells.

Situation II: HSDPA

frequency point are

only used for PC card,

resource management

can be achieved more

easily.

Advantage:

voice user +HSDPA

users get good

service

Disadvantage:

resource control will

be difficult in

situation I, maybe

some frequency

point resource will

be wasted at the

beginning

With the

development of

3G, to provide

dedicated

frequency point

for HSDPA PC

card (only PS

domain)

F2: HSDPA

ZTE HSDPA construction solution

If necessary, use a

carrier only to support

PS data

HSDPA

(PC card)

f1 f2 f3

R99/R4+

HSDPA

R99/R4+

HSDPA

Phase I, IIPhase III

ZTE solution

HSDPA construction area

Phase I :several hot spots,

and the important building

to deploy HSDPA

Phase II :all the hot spot and

several macro sites to deploy HSDPA

Network analysis for HSDPA and R99/R4

After the 3G network construction, the basic demand of WCDMA network

should adopt HSDPA function, with soft smooth upgrade ability.

HSDPA is not constructed as a individual network, HSDPA is a enhanced

technology of WCDMA (throughput, users)

Network construction and plan for R99 and HSDPA based on the “one-shot

planning, multi-stage deployment”

HSDPA and R99 share the same network, Node B supports HSDPA

function

At dense traffic area (capacity is restricted), HSDPA can share the

same site of R99 and achieve the same coverage of it.

Capacity and coverage is a balance relationship, increase the network

performance to the maximum by making a balance between them.

HSDPA for major area

Area type Square (km2) Erl

Dense urban 91.5 3527

Urban 179.78 4873

Suburb 3000.5 2100

total 3271.78 10500

Major area have

no more than

10% proportion

Major area

occupy

80% traffic

Fully HSDPA

coverage for

major area!

Major area：dense urban + urban

HSDPA outdoor coverage

Node B

Adaptive modulation

Good channel state: 16QAM

Adaptive coding rate

Good channel state: 3/4

AMC

HSDPA requires a good channel condition for high speed service:

Good channel state

Near to Node B

At beginning, HSDPA is suitable for micro Node B coverage of outdoor hotspots.

Micro Node B is more suitable for HSDPA

HSDPA indoor coverage

HSDPA indoor coverage

CBD (focus on)

Office, hotel, etc

Shopping center, airport, etc

Macro Node B＋Indoor distributed system

Macro Node B/base band pool＋RRU＋Indoor distributed system

Micro Node B＋Indoor distributed system

Pico

Solu

tion

Transmission

Pico

B01C

R8840

Power

distributor

Twisted

pair

Fiber

Feeder

Macro Node B or base

band pool

Concern of HSDPA indoor coverage

Is the existing indoor distributed system

of R99/R4 suitable for HSDPA?

Is capacity of the existing indoor

distributed system enough？Is the

transmission enough?

the indices of indoor distributed

components (like power distributor)

required by HSDPA and R99 are same,

So the existing indoor distributed system

of R99/R4 is suitable for HSDPA

Control

HSDPA Processor

DL Coder

DL Base-band

HSDPA Processor

UL Decoder

UL Base-band

Mid-frequency

After HSDPA

Update

Before HSDPA

Update

After HSDPA

Update

Before HSDPA

Update

Iub Interface

Features

Advanced design，HSDPA

functions have been embedded

into hardware.

Just update software to support

HSDPA functions.

No additional hardware is needed!

ZTE serialized Node B support HSDPA flexible

update

HSDPA functions have already been embedded into ZTE serialized Node B

hardware. The base-band processing chip supports 16QAM modulation. Only

software update is needed for Node B to support HSDPA.

Powerful base-band processing ability. For the case of updating the R99 cell into

R99/HSDPA, no more base-band processing board is needed for Node B.

As for RNC and CN, the introduction of HSDPA will only increase the data traffic

which means only additional interface hardware resource are needed.

ZTE Node B is designed based on the most advanced

HSDPA technology in the world. It is absolutely ensured

that to upgrade from R99 to HSDPA, no board is

required to be changed! The base-band processing

board also possesses a unique feature that is it

supports the networking of HSDPA and R99 with either

the same carrier or not! The most advanced base band

processing in the world!

ZTE Node B hardware support HSDPA

B09 indoor macro: support up to 3C3S and 6CS RRU

B09A outdoor macro: support up to 3C3S and 6CS

RRU

B06C/B03C indoor/outdoor micro: support up to 2C3S/3C1S.

B03R indoor/outdoor RRU: support up to 3C1S

BBUA indoor/outdoor base-band pool: maximum processing capacity is up to

15CS

B01C pico Node B: 1C1S configuration

B09

BBUB

B06C

B03C/B03R

B09AB01C

ZTE serialized Node B totally support HSDPA

Driver to HSDPA

HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial

Application

HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Content

Mobile Communication Development

Mobile communication is developed from 2G→3G→3.9G. It is

developed from mobile voice service to high speed data service.

Currently it is developed to 3.5G. For WCDMA, commercial R5

version and trial R6 version can be provided now.

3GPP is working on the standards of R7/HSPA+ and R8/LTE. It is

estimated that R7 will be finalized on 2007 and R8 will be finalized

on 2008.

The development of radio technology pays more attention to the

requirement of operator — NGMN organization proposed the system

development goal.

Mobile Communication Technology Evolution

2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G2. 75G

GSMWCDMA

R99GPRS

EDGE

HSDPA HSUPA

HSPA+

LTE

IS-95CDMA2000

1X EV-DO

CDMA

2000 1X

EV-DO

Rev. A

EV-DO

Rev. BAIE

CDMA2000

1X EV-DV

WCDMA Roadmap

GSMGPRS/EDGE

3GR99

3G+HSDPADownlink

Enhanced

3G

HSDPA/HSUP

ADownlink/Uplink

Enhanced

GSM(GPRS/EDGE)

3G

Enhanced UMTS

Optimized UMTS

NGMN

NGMN

（LTE,…）Broadband radio

IP based wideband

Peer to Peer

2002-3 2003-4 2005-6 2007-9 After 2009Year

DL

throughput

64-144kbps 64-384kbps 384kbps-4Mbps 384kbps-7Mbps 20-50Mbps

ZTE HSDPA solution conclusion

ZTE serialized Node B is already hardware ready for downlink 14.4M, only software upgrade is needed

ZTE RNC and CN, unified platform, 80G switching capability, high integration, high capacity, smooth evolution, to ensure the deployment of HSDPA

HSDPA can share carrier with R99/R4, or use a exclusive carrier

Support handover between HSDPA, R99/R4 and 2G

Support simultaneous service of HSDPA and voice (or video telephony)

Support at least 64 users per cell

HSDPA can share base band board with R99/R4

All the Node Bs support HSDPA

Exercise

pls describe the differentia of HSDPA and R4.

HSDPA introduces new physical channels, they are

( ) ( ) ( ).

pls describe the key technology of AMC

pls describe the key technology of HARQ.

pls write down the main quick scheduling methods.