2018 National All-Star Academic Tournament

Round 4 – Tossups

1. This person was lent a helicopter by Charles Keating to visit American Indians while in Arizona and was aided by spiritual advisor Celeste van Exem. Henry Sebastian D’Souza ordered an exorcism to help this person recover from a heart-attack suffered while visiting the Vatican. At the age of eighteen, this person went to Rathfarnham in Ireland to train. Malcolm Muggeridge helped publicize this person with the documentary Something Beautiful for God, and she established the Kalighat Home for the dying. This saint, who won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize, founded the Missionaries of Charity. For 10 points, name this Albanian-born nun who wore a white sari with a blue border while working in Calcutta.ANSWER: Mother Teresa [or Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu]

2. A cliff-sided island in this ocean is home to the world’s smallest flightless bird, a type of rail. Inhabitants of a nearby island in this ocean mostly worked at a canned crawfish factory until its volcanic Queen Mary’s Peak erupted in 1961 and destroyed it. In the nineteenth century, an enterprising individual declared himself ruler of those islands in this ocean with the intention of running them as an oceanic pit-stop, renaming them “the Islands of Refreshment.” Today, inhabitants of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, which is located in this ocean, collect guano from the nearby Inaccessible and Nightingale islands. That archipelago in this ocean is the most remote inhabited place on earth, Tristan da Cunha (COON-yuh). For 10 points, name this ocean also home to St. Helena (heh-LEE-nuh) and the Falkland Islands.ANSWER: South Atlantic Ocean

3. In a Nahua (NAH-wah) myth, the king Huemac (WAY-mock) challenged Tlaloc to a ball game for precious stones and feathers; when he won, Tlaloc only gave him this substance. Huemac’s refusal to accept it brought a drought upon the land. The Gulf Coast cultures are home to a myth in which the god of this substance is resurrected from the body of a sea turtle. In Guatemalan syncretic Catholicism, God made Adam out of this substance after wood proved too stiff and dirt proved too soft. A recurring theme in Mayan myth is the tale of a hero opening a mountain containing the source of this substance. The Hero Twins’ father is probably a god of this substance, and the twins themselves are often depicted as two stalks of this plant. For 10 points, name this crop, the staple grain of Mesoamerican cultures.ANSWER: maize [or corn]

4. The closing moments of this opera include a description of two lovers, their bodies touching, one of whom asks the other “how much do you love me?” A motif in this opera is made of the solfège (SOUL-fezh) notes “la-sol-do.” A bass clarinet and saxophone play repeated melodies in a scene in this opera in which a woman obsessively discusses popular musicians while in a prison. The opening scene of this opera features an organ playing in the background, while soloists sing lines including “we could get some gasoline” over a chorus singing repeated sequences of numbers. This opera, the first in the “Portrait Trilogy,” includes the scenes “Bed” and “Spaceship” as well as several “knee plays.” For 10 points, name this minimalist Philip Glass opera inspired by the creator of the equation “E equals mc-squared.”ANSWER: Einstein on the Beach

5. A theorem about these values follows from a lemma stating that, under certain triangulations in which vertices are labeled one, two, or three, there will always be a baby triangle with three differently-numbered vertices. The desired solution to an ODE is shown to be one of these things in the proof of the Picard–Lindelöf theorem. On a complete metric space, a mapping with Lipschitz constant less than one, which is called a contraction mapping, has a unique one of these values. Sperner’s lemma implies a theorem about these things named for Brouwer. These values for a function can be found by intersecting its graph with the points x comma x. For 10 points, name these points where f-of-x equals x, which are so named because the point does not move.ANSWER: fixed points [accept Brouwer fixed point theorem]

6. A journalist with this surname imagined a “macabre parlor game” in which she invented a series of alphabetically named characters with varied personalities in her essay “Who Goes Nazi?” That “First Lady of American Journalism” with this surname, the second wife of Sinclair Lewis, had the first name Dorothy. A writer with this surname wrote about a man who asks the narrator to throw a toaster into his bathtub at the climax of the song “White Rabbit”; that narrator later recalls that “we were riding the crest of a high and beautiful wave” while lamenting the end of the 1960s counterculture. That author with this surname wrote “The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved” and a book about Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo’s drug-laced trip to Nevada. For 10 points, give this surname of Hunter, the author of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.ANSWER: Thompson [or Dorothy Celene Thompson; or Hunter Stockton Thompson]

7. Plutarch reinterpreted Hesiod’s (HEE-see-id’s) claim that this creature lives for over 77,000 years by explaining that “generation” can mean “one year” in some contexts. Philostratus held that this creature lived at the source of the Nile and collected spices there, and most myths describe this creature as using cinnamon, cassia, and nard to create its home. It shares its name with a descendant of Io through Epaphus who was either the father or brother of Europa. This creature habitually creates a container out of myrrh at the Temple of the Sun in Heliopolis, where it appears every five hundred years after a journey from its normal home in Arabia. For 10 points, name this bird in Greek mythology which is immediately reborn after dying.ANSWER: phoenix

8. A writer defended his attempt at this task by defining a “frame of accuracy.” A poem about this task describes it as “a poet’s patience / And scholastic passion blent” and depicts the result as “All thorn, but cousin to your rose.” The product of Jim Falen’s attempt at this task inspired Douglas Hofstadter’s often humorous version of it. Edmund Wilson’s harsh review of an attempt at this task led to a falling out with Vladimir Nabokov, who denounced Walter Arndt’s performance of this task before publishing an infamously literal, unrhymed, four-volume attempt at it himself. This task is complicated by alternating feminine and masculine rhymes in the original fourteen-line stanzas. For 10 points, identify this task of rendering a verse novel about a superfluous man by Alexander Pushkin into English.ANSWER: translating Eugene Onegin into English [or translating Yevgeny Onegin into English; accept word forms of “translating”; prompt on translating; prompt on translating Russian; prompt on translating into English; prompt on translating Russian into English]

9. This navy’s 10th Light Flotilla trained to execute a plan to send several midget submarines up the Hudson River in an attack against New York Harbor. This navy developed human torpedoes called “pigs” and used them to damage the HMS Valiant and HMS Queen Elizabeth in a raid on Alexandria. In a battle that inspired the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Swordfish bombers launched by Andrew Cunningham from the HMS Illustrious destroyed half of this navy’s capital ships while they were anchored in Taranto (TAH-rahn-toh). Along with the Kriegsmarine (KREEKS-mah-REE-nuh), this navy prevented the British from resupplying their base at Malta until this navy’s country surrendered to the Allies in 1943. For 10 points, name this mostly-Mediterranean navy intended to secure the “Mare Nostrum” for Benito Mussolini.ANSWER: Italian navy [or Regia Marina]

10. This man debated with Fred Singer on Nightline about the theoretical environmental effects of Saddam Hussein burning Kuwait’s oil wells. He won a Pulitzer for his book The Dragons of Eden. He is the namesake of a number that represents the number of stars in the universe. This scientist was the first to suggest that Venus was a hot planet due to a version of the greenhouse effect. He chaired the committee that gathered the Voyager Golden Record, and he worked with his wife, Linda Salzman, and Frank Drake to create the plaques sent on board Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11. For 10 points, name this scientist who wrote the book Pale Blue Dot and created the television series Cosmos.ANSWER: Carl Edward Sagan

11. The Serrano people believed that this thing flew out during a cremation ceremony intended to prevent Coyote from eating a corpse, becoming a quartz dome. A questionably-legitimate Serbian Orthodox icon titled for this thing actually depicts four of them and can typically be found above the church exit. In the Southwest US and in Mexico, Pueblo people make votive objects with this name out of colored yarn on wooden crosses, a practice which has spread to some Mexican Catholics. It appears on a giant sphere and in over fifty other places in the Tây Ninh (TYE nun) Holy See, as this thing is the main symbol of Caodaism (cow-DIE-ism). This symbol enclosed in a triangle is a common representation of the Trinity. For 10 points, name this symbol that Freemasons use to represent the Great Architect, which appears atop a pyramid on the US dollar bill.ANSWER: eye of God [or Hatauva; accept Krukat’s Eye; or ojo de Dios; or the All-Seeing Eye of God; or the Divine Eye; or God’s Eye; or the Eye of Providence; prompt on All-seeing Eye; prompt on eye; prompt on eye above a pyramid; do not accept or prompt on “third eye”]

12. This novel’s second section is introduced as “Some things are of that nature as to make one’s fancy chuckle, while his heart doth ache.” Mr. Francis compares his school to a location from this book in the second volume of Ngugi’s autobiography titled for that place, In the House of the Interpreter. This novel was written shortly after its author’s autobiographical Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners while he was imprisoned in Bedford Jail. The hero of this book is threatened with Mount Sinai falling on his head and is advised to abandon Mr. Worldly Wiseman before passing through the Wicket-Gate. For 10 points, Christian passes through Vanity Fair and the Slough of Despond in what allegory by John Bunyan?ANSWER: The Pilgrim’s Progress [The Pilgrim's Progress from This World, to That Which Is to Come]

13. Dubinin and Radushkevich found that the characteristic curves of materials for this process were directly tied to that material’s structure. The enhanced ability of chitosan (KITE-oh-san) to perform this process has made it an ideal material for cell scaffolds in tissue engineering. Capillary condensation can occur due to a multilayer form of this process in confined space. One model of this process sets the equilibrium constant equal to theta over one minus theta times pressure, where theta is fractional occupancy. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller modified Langmuir’s (LANG-myoor’s) isotherm model for this process by allowing for formation of multilayers. Porous materials such as activated carbon can perform this process in solutions. For 10 points, name this process in which a molecule sticks to a solid surface. ANSWER: adsorption [do not accept or prompt on “absorption”]

14. A newspaper story about the death of one of these two people noted he “ended his sentence with a proposition,” referring to rumors that he was killed while sexually assaulting James Day. The other one of this duo falsely claimed to have lost his unusual hinged eyeglasses while on a bird-watching trip. Both the play and the film Rope were loosely based on their lives. A twelve-hour speech ending with quotes from Omar Khayyam about “The Book of Love” was given in defense of these two men by Clarence Darrow, sparing them from receiving the death penalty as a punishment for their murder of Bobby Franks. For 10 points, name these two University of Chicago students who killed a teenager in 1924 to demonstrate the “perfect crime.”ANSWER: Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, Jr. AND Richard Albert Loeb [accept in either order]

15. Speakers of this language separate verbs into two units, one indicating the sort of action and the other indicating direction, and organize those units in an A-B-A pattern to indicate continuous action. An experiment that can be seen as supporting the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis had speakers of an early form of this language attempt to find objects that had been hidden as they watched; speakers of this language performed markedly worse than other children their age, which may be because they didn’t yet have words for “left” or “right.” In this language’s early history, its speakers alternately used rotated and mirrored representations of actions, but converged on rotated as it developed. This language was first studied by Judy Kegl. For 10 points, name this language that spontaneously arose through the 1980s in the Villa Libertad (VEE-yah LEE-bair-tahd) vocational school for the deaf in Managua.ANSWER: Nicaraguan Sign Language [or NSL; or Idioma de Señas de Nicaragua; or ISN; prompt on sign language; do not accept or prompt on “American Sign Language” or “ASL”]

16. T. S. Eliot claimed that this drama was “one of the stupidest and most uninspired plays ever written.” A scene from this play is depicted in the Peacham drawing, which is the sole surviving contemporary depiction of its author’s plays. The central plot of this play is set into action by the title character’s callous sacrifice of Alarbus. Another scene in this play features a woman writing the names of her attackers using a stick in her mouth. Towards the end of this play, the mixed-race Aaron lies dying, half-buried, while regretting only that he had not done more evil. In this play, Chiron and Demetrius, the rapists of Lavinia, are baked in a pie which is eaten by Tamora, Queen of the Goths. For 10 points, name this bloody Shakespeare tragedy whose title character is a revenge-wracked Roman general. ANSWER: Titus Andronicus

17. This object is styled similarly to a generally accepted rhyton found in Shaft Grave IV. Defenders of this object’s veracity note that it was not discovered until after Panagiotis (pah-nah-YO-tiss) Stamatakis was installed to supervise the integrity of its site. Unlike similar objects found nearby, this item has a non-engraved, cut hair, a pointed beard, and two separate depictions of eyelids. When this item was found, its discoverer sent a telegram to King George claiming to have “gazed upon” a mythical face. This object was found within tomb V of royal circle A in 1876, and was ultimately dated to the middle of the 16th century BC. For 10 points, name this gold funerary object discovered by Heinrich Schliemann at Mycenae (my-SEE-nee) and supposedly made for a king from the Iliad.ANSWER: funerary mask of Agamemnon

18. In a painting by this artist, a dark-skinned man is lying with all of his clothes on, including his shoes, atop a multicolored quilt in the title Garret Room. Two men by a black car are trying to buy a widow’s farmland in his Public Sale. A boy in a black hat and coat runs down a hill in his Winter 1946. When interviewed about his ninetieth birthday, this artist said that a woman is “part of the family now,” and that “it shocks everyone… that’s what I love about it.” This artist painted that woman in Knapsack, Sunshield, and Lovers, along with 240 other paintings of Helga Testorf. He painted a girl with a neuropathic ailment in a field of beige grass on her side, wearing a pink dress. For 10 points, name this American artist of Christina’s World.ANSWER: Andrew Newell Wyeth [prompt on Wyeth]

19. The quality of a sample of these molecules is measured by a namesake “integrity number” by Agilent’s Bioanalyzer. SID-1 and SID-2 channels shuttle these molecules between non-neuronal tissues and are required for passive uptake on IPTG-containing agar during feeding. AGO2 binds to these molecules and cleaves them using the “H” type of a namesake enzyme function conferred by its PIWI domain. Lentiviruses can deliver an artificial form of these molecules featuring a hairpin that is processed by Drosha. Longer forms of these molecules are cut by Dicer to yield their small interfering type, which gets incorporated into the RISC in a namesake silencing process discovered by Fire and Mello. For 10 points, name these nucleic acids involved in a namesake “interference” that include micro and messenger types.ANSWER: RNA [or ribonucleic acid; or RNAi; or RNA with any prefix, such as siRNA or microRNA; prompt on nucleic acids until it is read; do not accept or prompt on “DNA”]

20. This composer used symbols like radical, squared, equals, and plus in his analysis of “Jeux de vagues” (zhuh duh VOG) from La mer. Paul Wingfield edited a book of studies on this composer; his reconstruction of this composer’s late mass based on a faulty non-Latin text moved its “Intrada” to the beginning. This composer scribbled down tunelets of speech called “nápěvky mluvy” (NAH-pev-kee m’LOO-vee) in notepads and organized his music in layers of small rhythmic units called “sčasování” (s’CHA-so-VAH-nee). A clarinet represents Ostap’s dying screams in his Gogol-inspired rhapsody. This composer’s String Quartet No. 2 was inspired by 700 letters he sent to his young “muse,” Kamila Stösslová (KAH-mee-lah SHTUSS-lo-vah). A stepmother drowns a baby in ice in his opera Jenůfa (yeh-NOO-fah), which is based on the inflections of Czech speech. For 10 points, name this composer of the Glagolitic Mass, Taras Bulba (tah-ROSS BOOL-bah), the “Intimate Letters” String Quartet, and a brassy Sinfonietta.ANSWER: Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check) [or Leo Eugen Janáček; accept Janáček Studies]

Extra. The speaker of this poem finds “the start of populous states and rich republics” in a slave, saying that “before the war I often go to the slave-mart and watch the sale.” This poem says “I see my soul reflected in Nature as I see through a mist” after telling women “be not ashamed” of the “bath of birth, this the merge of small and large, and the outlet again.” The ninth section of this poem includes “Eyes, eye-fringes, iris of the eye, eyebrows” in an extensive list of anatomical parts. This poem, which ends “I say now these are the soul,” added a new technological word to its first line an title in the 1867 revision of Leaves of Grass. For 10 points, name this Walt Whitman poem which discusses human forms.ANSWER: “I Sing the Body Electric”

2018 National All-Star Academic Tournament

Round 4 – Bonuses

1. A character in a film by this director puts a crown of thorns on his head after reaching a supposedly desire-granting room to much disappointment. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Soviet director whose film Stalker follows three men through a disturbing tunnel known as “the meat grinder” in a prohibited area known as “the Zone.” He directed a historical epic about the iconographer Andrei Rublev (rub-LYOFF).ANSWER: Andrei Tarkovsky[10] This earlier Soviet filmmaker and theorist created a groundbreaking use of montage in his 1925 films Strike and The Battleship Potemkin.ANSWER: Sergei Eisenstein [Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein][10] This 1969 film by Sergei Parajanov (puh-ruh-JON-off) tries to depict the life of a great Armenian poet through evocative, rather than narrative, visuals. It features a shot of a boy lying on a monastery roof as the wind turns the pages of hundreds of books around him, and many shots of the title fruit being cut.ANSWER: The Color of Pomegranates [or Sayat Nova; or Tsvyet Granaty]

2. This writer began his novel Almayer’s Folly while working as first mate on the Torrens, which sailed from London to Adelaide. For 10 points each:[10] Name this novelist who set his novels An Outcast of the Islands and The Rescue in Malaysia.ANSWER: Joseph Conrad [or Józef Korzeniowski][10] While on the return from Adelaide to London, this novelist was impressed by the young Conrad’s conversation. This author popularized the name Jolyon in a series of books in which Enoch builds the house Robin Hill for his wife Irene.ANSWER: John Galsworthy[10] Galsworthy travelled to the antipodes to meet this Scottish author of Kidnapped and Treasure Island.ANSWER: Robert Louis Stevenson

3. This principle is sometimes called the law of talion. For 10 points each:[10] Give this legal principle whose name illustrates the equality of retribution relative to its crime. It appears in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and the Code of Hammurabi.ANSWER: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth[10] In this section of Leviticus, the “eye for eye” injunction comes before a commandment that “you are to have one law for the alien and for the citizen.” This section, a dense law code that is named for its repetition of a certain word, was probably an earlier text that was incorporated into the Priestly source.ANSWER: Holiness Code [or chapters 17–26 of Leviticus][10] Though different traditions disagree about the numbering of this law code, they all agree on how many items it contains. This code includes imperatives to have no other gods, to honor one’s parents, and not to commit adultery.ANSWER: The Ten Commandments [or Decalogue; or aseret ha-d’varîm; or aseret ha-dibrot; or The Ten Words; or The Ten Verses]

4. The nth term in one of these sequences is equal to the first term plus “n minus one” times a fixed constant. For 10 points each:[10] Name these sequences in which successive terms differ by a fixed value, unlike geometric sequences, in which they differ by a fixed ratio. ANSWER: arithmetic (AIR-ith-MET-ick) sequence [or arithmetic progression][10] A theorem co-named for Ben Green and this man states that the prime numbers contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. This UCLA analyst won the Fields Medal in 2006.ANSWER: Terence “Terry” Tao [or Terence Chi-Shen Tao][10] This mathematician names a theorem about arithmetic progressions of the form “a plus nb” for fixed a and b that contain infinitely many primes. He names infinite series of the form “a-sub-n over n to the s.”ANSWER: Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (DEE-ree-klet)

5. A disaster in this city gave Joseph I a lifelong phobia of living inside walls, so he moved the court to the nearby hills of Ajuda (uh-ZHOO-duh). For 10 points each:[10] Name this Portuguese city whose Ribeira Palace was destroyed by a magnitude-nine earthquake in 1755. This city’s earthquake had a strong influence on the writings of Voltaire.ANSWER: Lisbon [or Lisboa][10] This minister names the style of anti-seismic architecture used to rebuild Lisbon. This nobleman gained immense power after executing the rival Távora family following an assassination attempt against Joseph I.ANSWER: Marquis of Pombal [or Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, 1st Count of Oeiras][10] Pombal used the tensions of the Távora affair to expel this organization from Portugal. Spain expelled this group after the Esquilache Riots, and they were formally suppressed in 1773 by the bull Dominus ac Redemptor.ANSWER: Jesuits [or The Society of Jesus]

6. The Southern Baptist Convention rejected the 2005 and 2011 revisions of this translation because they introduced gender-neutral terms such as “human beings” or “people” instead of “man” and “mankind.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this modern Bible translation, by far the most popular English translation with Evangelical Protestants. It supplanted the older KJV and RSV and remained ahead of new competitors like the NLT.ANSWER: The New International Version [or NIV; do not accept or prompt on “tNIV”][10] The NIV is published by this company, which also publishes devotional books and other Christian literature.ANSWER: Zondervan [prompt on HarperCollins][10] Zondervan is owned by the media conglomerate NewsCorp, which also owns Fox News and the Wall Street Journal. NewsCorp is the holding company of this Australian-born mogul, who was also previously CEO of 20th Century Fox.ANSWER: Keith Rupert Murdoch

7. This group ran the news rating site The Knife of Aristotle. For 10 points each:[10] Name this accused cult based in upstate New York that recruited members via “Executive Success Programs.” Its leader Keith Raniere (ruh-NEER-ee) was arrested in March 2018.ANSWER: NXIVM (Nexium) [accept phonetic or spelled-out pronunciations][10] This Wilfred and Smallville actress was accused of being Raniere’s second-in-command in NXIVM. She led a women’s group called “DOS” or “The Vow.”ANSWER: Allison Mack[10] Members of DOS were required to undergo this physical process in order to join the group.ANSWER: branding [or being branded with an iron]

8. The speaker of this poem says “Dying is an art, like everything else. I do it exceptionally well.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this poem whose speaker declares “Out of the ash I rise with my red hair, and I eat men like air.”ANSWER: “Lady Lazarus”[10] “Lady Lazarus” was published in this collection, alongside “Tulips” and “Munich Mannequins.” Its title poem begins “Stasis in darkness, then the substanceless blue, pour of tor and distances.”ANSWER: Ariel[10] Ariel is a collection of poetry by this author, including her poem “Daddy.” She also wrote a novel, The Bell Jar.ANSWER: Sylvia Plath

9. One of these events took place in 2009, which mainly affected the H1N1 (H-one-N-one) subvirus. For 10 points each:[10] Name this process that alters the structure of antigens by combining different strains of a virus; of the flu viruses, it only occurs in influenza A.ANSWER: antigenic shift [do not accept “antigenic drift”][10] A pandemic of H1N1 flu that started in this year is estimated to have killed at least 50 million people.ANSWER: 1918[10] The H in H1N1 refers to this protein, which binds the virus to cells.ANSWER: hemagglutinin

10. This leader promoted a compromise doctrine known as Monothelitism to bring heretics back into the Church’s fold. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Byzantine emperor who instituted Greek as the official language of the empire. This emperor sacked Khosrau II’s palace at Dastagird in the last of the Byzantine-Sassanid Wars. ANSWER: Heraclius[10] Heraclius is known as the “first crusader” because he recovered this Christian relic while campaigning in Persia. A miracle reportedly helped Empress Helena identify this relic at the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.ANSWER: The True Cross [or Holy Cross; or Saint Cross; or Holyrood][10] Soon after the defeat of the Sassanids, Heraclius faced an invasion by these people, whose tribes had recently been united under Muhammad. This ethnic group’s Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Levant, Egypt, and Africa from Byzantium. ANSWER: Arabs

11. Among the most common types of these circuit components are their “parallel-plate” types, which often feature a dielectric in between the plates. For 10 points each:[10] Name these circuit components that are often said to store charge. Their namesake value is measured in farads, and they are combined with inductors in LC circuits.ANSWER: capacitor [or condenser][10] LC circuits resonate as this value approaches zero. This quantity’s real part is the resistance while its imaginary part is reactance. ANSWER: impedance (im-PEE-dance)[10] The most useful properties of LC circuits arise when they resonate at their natural angular frequency, which takes this value if the inductor has inductance L and the capacitor has capacitance C.ANSWER: one over the square root of LC [or mathematically equivalent formulations]

12. This character is introduced when he crashes a religious revival by accusing the preacher of pedophilia and bestiality, inciting an angry mob. For 10 points each:[10] Name this apparent polymath who extensively catalogs the natural world and declares that “war is God.”ANSWER: Judge Holden [or the Judge][10] The hairless, pale Judge Holden leads a gang of murderous scalpers and thieves in this novel, which follows “the kid” through the deserts of Mexico.ANSWER: Blood Meridian[10] Blood Meridian is by this author. He also wrote about a father and son wandering about in a post-apocalyptic waste in The Road.ANSWER: Cormac McCarthy [or Charles McCarthy]

13. Answer the following about mostly bloodless wars, for 10 points each.[10] Only one man was wounded in this dispute between Ohio and Michigan over a strip named for a city on the Maumee River that shares its name with a city in Spain. The Frostbitten Convention ended this war by awarding Michigan the Upper Peninsula.ANSWER: Toledo War[10] The only casualty of this British–US conflict was the namesake animal. This confrontation concerned claims to the San Juan Islands between Vancouver Island and the Washington Territory.ANSWER: Pig War [or Pig Episode or Pig and Potato War or the Northwestern Boundary Dispute][10] Though not bloodless, this 1798 naval war with France got its name because it was undeclared. Offensive treatment of American diplomats in the XYZ affair led to the eruption of this conflict.ANSWER: Quasi-War [or Quasi-guerre]

14. Prior to the DSM-V (D-S-M-five), these disorders, together with mental retardation, were grouped in a separate axis from nearly all other psychological diagnoses. For 10 points each:[10] Name this class of disorders characterized by long-lasting cognitive patterns and behaviors that disrupt everyday functioning. They are grouped into three clusters, and examples include the schizotypal, antisocial, and histrionic types.ANSWER: personality disorders[10] Marsha Linehan developed dialectical behavior therapy to reduce suicidal ideation caused by this personality disorder, which is characterized by fluctuating moods and an ambiguous sense of self.ANSWER: borderline personality disorder [or BPD; or emotionally unstable personality disorder; or EUPD][10] A personality disorder described by this term causes exaggerated self-importance and self-admiration. It is named after a character from Greek mythology.ANSWER: narcissism [or narcissistic personality disorder]

15. A skull-headed man wearing a green top hat appears at the bottom left of a painting of this man, while a parade of soldiers marches through the crowded street, led by a man holding a rapier with his head back and wearing a bishop-like hat. For 10 points each:[10] Name this man who was depicted entering a European city in 1889 under a red sign.ANSWER: Jesus Christ [or Christ][10] That painting of Christ entering a city in this country was by James Ensor, member of a group of artists from this place called Les XX (lay VAN). This country was also home to the surrealist René Magritte.ANSWER: Belgium [Kingdom of Belgium; or Koninkrijk België; or Royaume de Belgique; or Königreich Belgien][10] This three-word French slogan appears on the sign in Christ’s Entry Into Brussels.ANSWER: “Vive le Sociale”

16. Name some species in chemical reactions that produce impressive visual effects, for 10 points each.[10] A classic example of a single displacement reaction is the thermite reaction, which involves reacting this metal with iron oxide to produce a lot of heat.ANSWER: aluminum [or Al][10] In a reaction called “pharaoh’s serpent,” the thiocyanate of this element is ignited to produce a coiling solid emerging from a blue flame. This liquid metal is no longer used for that reaction due to its high toxicity.ANSWER: mercury [or Hg][10] A similar reaction called “elephant’s toothpaste” involves exothermic decomposition of this compound to produce volcano-like foam. This compound is produced by the anthraquinone process.ANSWER: hydrogen peroxide [or H2O2]

17. This man was nominated for an Oscar four times, finally winning for the Henry James adaptation The Heiress. For 10 points each:[10] Name this composer of such ballets as Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.ANSWER: Aaron Copland[10] This English composer of Façade who worked in many genres was Oscar-nominated for his 1944 score for the Shakespeare adaptation Henry V. He wrote the celebrated cantata Belshazzar’s Feast in 1931.ANSWER: William Turner Walton[10] This man was not a classical composer, but did win an Oscar for scoring a 1941 adaptation of The Devil and Daniel Webster. He scored Alfred Hitchcock films such as Psycho and Vertigo.ANSWER: Bernard Herrmann [or Max Herman]

18. In the preamble to the Communist Manifesto, this man is matched with François Guizot (ghee-ZOH) as one of the powers in a holy alliance to exorcise the specter of communism. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Austrian statesman who served as Chancellor and Foreign Minister of Austria. This conservative diplomat organized the Congress of Vienna and was forced to resign during the Revolutions of 1848.ANSWER: Klemens von Metternich [or Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein][10] The March Revolution of 1848 led to the formation of this convention that issued a constitution and proclaimed a united German Empire. This assembly offered the German throne to Frederick William IV of Prussia, who declared that he would not accept “a crown from the gutter.”ANSWER: Frankfurt Parliament [or Frankfurter Nationalversammlung][10] Also in 1848, this country ended its “Restoration and Regeneration” Period with a constitution ushering in a federal state. In the previous year, this country experienced the Sonderbund War between its Protestants and Catholics.ANSWER: Switzerland [or the Swiss Confederation; or Schweiz; or Suisse; or Svizzera; or Svizra]

19. This novella features the short line “Then – the officer,” in which the dash between the first two words represents the rape of the title character. For 10 points each:[10] Name this novella by Heinrich von Kleist, in which the title woman places an advertisement in the local newspapers of an Italian town, asking for the father of her child to come forward. ANSWER: The Marquise of O [or Die Marquise von O][10] von Kleist is generally considered part of this broader European literary movement. This movement is also represented by Lyrical Ballads, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. ANSWER: Romanticism[10] Romanticism partly developed from this earlier German movement, propounded by Hamann, Goethe (GUR-tuh), and Schiller. This movement involves much greater extremes of emotion than usual in the Enlightenment, and its name comes from a play by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger.ANSWER: Sturm und Drang [or Storm and Stress]

20. Several myths about a character with this name may have been developed to explain the harvest song alinon, which might have come in turn from the Phoenician “ai lanu” meaning “alas for us.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this prince of Argos and son of Psamathe (sah-MAH-thay), who Pausanius says was abandoned by his mother and eaten by the dogs of Crotopus, causing a plague to affect the city.ANSWER: Linus[10] In another myth, Linus is said to have been the music teacher of this hero who killed him with his lyre. He was punished by being sent out to the fields by Amphitryon, who had married his mother Alcmene.ANSWER: Heracles [or Hercules][10] In most stories, Linus is the son of this Olympian who was often depicted with a lyre. The first lyre was made for this god by Hermes. ANSWER: Apollo

Extra. Answer some questions about molecular vibrations. For 10 points each:[10] Molecular vibrational transitions are usually excited by electromagnetic radiation in this region of the spectrum, which has a wavelength longer than visible light.ANSWER: infrared [or IR][10] This term describes a pattern of motion in a molecular vibration where all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same string and a fixed phase relation. For a non-linear molecule with N atoms, there exist 3N-6 of these patterns.ANSWER: normal modes[10] These features in a molecular vibrational spectrum arise due to transitions between two excited vibrational states. They tend to appear at lower frequencies than the corresponding fundamental transitions.ANSWER: hot bands

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