04523003 - Design and Analysis Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research for Power Supply - Power...

7/28/2019 04523003 - Design and Analysis Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research for Power Supply - Power Electronics Expert Sy

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Design and Analysis Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for Power Supply

- Power Electronics Expert System (PEES)

Wei Li, Jianping Ying

Delta Power Electronics R&D Center

238 Minxia Road, Caolu Industry Zone, Pudong, Shanghai, 201209, China

Tel: 86-21-68723988-8243, Fax: 86-21-68723996, Email: [email protected]

Abstract This paper introduces design and analysisartificial intelligence (AI) research for power supply named

power electronics expert system (PEES). The paper will

demonstrate expert system feasibility and summary the

architecture. Purpose, main function blocks and runtime

performance will be reviewed. Optimized design and analysis

models with Delta experts experience knowledge as rules are

applied in the system. Rules dynamic check refresh engine

ensures they can be changed or updated and extension whenneeded anytime. Power loss of semiconductor devices and

magnetic components, control loop small signal analysis,

virtual standard hardware circuit, close loop circuit electrical

performance simulation, rapid thermal simulation are

integrated into the system. Components reuse technique,

Object oriented programming (OOP), ActiveX controls,

Dynamic link library (DLL) are widely used in tools software

development. The system is stable, flexible and extensible.

I. INTRODUCTION

Now, Business Intelligence (BI) [1] is in full swing

when Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is not enough

for company growth. Why it focus on Intelligence and is

there some tips for power supply field? Lets review.In power supply products development, what bother

us? All power supply manufactures face such problems:

Time is very tight to do the pre-evaluation because the

customers requirements are complex, changeable and

stringent. Lack of enough experienced engineers. On the

other words, Lack of components optimal design and

loss analysis; Shortage of AC small signal design and

system stability; Difficulties in system optimization;

Construct different simulation modeling; Thermal

managements. These will obviously increase the cost.[3], [4]

But we cant find a design tool which gives total

solution for all of the problems. Challenge means chance,

We want to build up artificial intelligence (AI) [2] tool

research for design and analysis named Power Electronics

Expert System (PEES) as problems terminator.

AI means the science and engineering of making

intelligent machines. Expert system is an import branch of

AI research. An expert system is a computer program that

simulates the judgement and behavior of a human or an

organization that has expert knowledge and experience in

a particular field. Typically, such a system contains a

knowledge base containing accumulated experience and a

set of rules for applying the knowledge base to each

particular situation that is described to the program.

Reduce costs, Time to market, PEES aims at

shortening power supply design period with existing

expert experience knowledge and saving debug resource

through virtual standard hardware. PEES allows user to

design a power supply in only few minutes withoutsearching parameters from component datasheets. PEES

can show efficiency report in different loads or different

input voltage and gives loss distribution without user

calculation. PEES can complete optimized design

compensator parameters with small signal analysis and

show all kinds of gain or phase characteristic bode plot

curves. PEES can support circuit transient and small

signal simulation in SIMPLIS with self_created models.

PEES use experienced standard hardware parts to build up

prototype and selects an experienced placement to run

rapid thermal simulation. Patent system, Technical

marketing information, Technical BBS, Projects

managements are developed in Simplified Chinese orTraditional Chinese as PEES auxiliary systems. The user

only input power supply specifications and click, all of

these function blocks will be realized.[3],[4]

We can also seen PEES as a BI system for the power

supply engineers based on Specialist knowledge. PEES

can self study based on data dinning and statistic. General

views as [Fig. 1].

Fig. 1 PEES profile view

978-1-4244-1874-9/08/$25.00 2008 IEEE 2009


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II. DEMONSTRATE SYSTEM FEASIBILITY

AI system should simulate human intelligence. In

order to develop PEES, firstly, we should summary actual

power supply unit iteration design or analysis process with

specialists brainstorm. [See Fig. 2]

Fig. 2 PEES process

Secondly, accumulate experts experience as rules to

guide how to select topology, how to select components,

etc. We must check and build core algorithm models for

optimized design as knowledge base. [See Fig. 3].

Fig. 3 Visualize Expert system

Finally, abstract the concept class and summary the

Expert System architecture. [See Fig. 4]

Fig. 4 PEES architecture

Now, Expert system architecture had been achieved.

Then PEES should include following function blocks:[3], [4]

Expert engine.1) Experience knowledge as rules work well.2) Ensures the experience rules can be

updated by specialists when neededanytime.

3) Self study with data dinning and statistic. Expert knowledge BASE

1) Common topologies with diode rectifier,SR

2) Semi-conductor loss evaluation algorithm

3) Magnetic loss evaluation algorithm

4) Optimized components design models

5) Control models and stability analysis

6) Optimized design controller

7) EMI filter design and analysis

8) Virtual standard hardware circuit

9) Simulation models

10)Thermal management guide placement. Core driver engine

Ensures knowledge base, expert engine,

GUIs and databases cooperate well to satisfy

user engineers operation.

Database maintenance tools

Ensures databases parameters can be added

removed, modified to meet the latest RFQ.

2010


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III. MAIN FUNCTION BLOCKS IMPLEMENT

1. Expert engine

How to select topology? Take this as a sample to

demo the same engine principle. [See Fig. 5]

The close loop rules check method to ensure update

and self study. When more than 3 specialist role users

check in, audit the self study results. If successful, newrules will be sent to all PEES client computers, if not

successful, expert engine self update study logic to avoid

next same error. The expert engine also ensures that

specialist role users can put in new rules manually as

another way, the rule can be used in specialist own

computer. Only after check by the other two specialists,

the rule will be sent to all clients.

Fig. 5 Experience engine self study

2. Expert knowledge BASE

The expert knowledge BASE is the core algorithm

libraries which are developed into DLLs. DLL means

dynamic link library who is working only when user use

this function library. Take an example: Almost every

topology will design inductor optimization. We package

the inductor trade off optimized algorithm model into a

standard class in a DLL, the input parameters are current

waveform etc.[8][9][10]

[See Fig. 6]

Fig. 6 Inductor standard class optimized model

Same way, PEES builds standard class model to

calculate semiconductor loss, make the switching on and

off waveform for users understanding. Specialist three

ports model for Mosfet and reverse recovery Diode model

are works well in the background calling by core driver

engine.[5][6][7]

[See Fig. 7]

Fig. 7 Mosfet switching off waveform and loss

After optimized design components, PEES can

optimize the other work conditions with keep the samecomponents; PEES can analysis loss breakdown and

efficiency at different load or input voltage. PEES is not

only a design tool but also analysis tool with user input

power components by manual. [See Fig. 8]

Fig. 8 Loss breakdown and optimize work frequency

Here we use two design samples to check the accuracy

of loss and efficiency. We do the comparison between

analyzed by PEES and experimentation test result.

Fig. 9 is the efficiency comparison of a 65W Flyback

adapter. PEES analyzed results and sample tested results

at various input voltage and at various output load are

compared respectively.

Fig.9a. Flyback efficiency vs. input voltage @Full load

2011


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Fig.9b. Flyback efficiency vs. output current@150dc input

Fig.10 is the efficiency comparison of a 1000W PFC.

PEES analyzed results and sample tests results at various

input voltage and at various output load are compared

respectively.

Fig.10a. Efficiency vs. input voltage@Full load

Fig.10b. Efficiency vs. output current@220 ac input

From the verification, the error at light load is little

more than at heave load, the light load algorithm modeling

BASE should be improved next step. PEES complete

power plant design very well and quickly.

How to optimize compensator with small signal

model? How to analysis stability?[11][12][13][14][15]

PEES

provides a very good solution, user only click with mouse

and input the specifications follow the design steps flow.

[See Fig. 11]

Fig. 11 Controller design steps

Specialists knowledge is integrated into all kinds of

dynamic link algorithm classes with different ID. Class ID

name rule is Topology_Mode_Block. The core driver

engine will dynamic call the class to meet users selection

and operation. Take PSFB_CMC_Gvd as an example to

show block cycle . [See Fig.12]

Fig. 12 Phase shift full bridge (PSFB) block cycle models

PEES shows bode plot characteristic curves to helpuser understand small signal in frequency domain. PEES

can analysis user actual sample compensator performance

in bode plot. Let user import AP200 test loop curves to

compare. On the other hand, PEES can design

compensator automatically and optimize the design result

meet users specification. [See Fig. 13]

Fig. 13 Optimized design compensator flow chart

2012


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Here we use a 1000W phase shift full bridge(PSFB)

total loop gain and phase characteristic bode plot

comparison between PEES analyzed results and tested

results by AP200. The pink curves are PEES analyzed

results and blue curves are tested results in actual sample

which were imported by From AP200 button. [See

Fig.14]

Fig. 14 1kw PSFB sample machine total loop comparison.

PEES can complete control circuit design or analysis

very well and quickly. EMI filter will be considered.

Design filter with experienced modeling based on noise

models analysis. Also provides analysis function.

Fig. 15 EMI filter design and analysis implement

Example: Flyback common mode and differential

mode original noise models and runtime analysis results.

Fig. 16 Flyback CM,DM models and noise analysis

In order to save debug time and guide components

placement, PEES builds virtual standard hardware circuits

functions block. It is undergoing, here only show the idea.

Use PFC UCC3818 control parts to explain. First step:

cut the function blocks;

Fig. 17 PFC UCC3818 control circuit

Second step: form the integrated parts (IP);

Fig. 18 Virtual standard block for UCC3818 control

Third step: build the layout standard blocks as PCB IP;

Fig. 19 Standard block in PCB

CT1-

MOUT

C843

100P

C8421000P

R84511

R85327K

SF1

R8461

C8470.068u

REF

R851100

R878

22.6

K

C840

0.0

1u

VCP

R856

16K

C850

2.2u/16V

C885

2.2u/16V

SF1

D837

1SS355

ZD808

UDZSTE-175.1

BIAC

100PC844

C841470P

R8495.6K

2.2uC845

R8252.2M

R8262.2M

R859

10.5

K

C855

2.2u/25V

C820

2.2u/25V

R8170

CT1+

PFC_ENA/OVP

C849

2.2u

R852

12K

R86216K

C86547P

ZD809RLZTE-113.3A

R855

27.4KF

C848

1u

DRV1

R847270

R84826.1KF

R858

47

C852

100P

C853

390pF

C856100PR857

34.8KR85475K

D836

1SS355

C8460.022u

IC831

UCC3818DTR

OV_LIMIT

V/SENSE

MMBT4403

Q865

2013


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Final step: design power supply with the standard blocks.

PCB blocks placement rules will limit other components.

Fig. 20 Standard parts form power supply

In order to convince customers, PEES builds special

simulate BASE to do electrical performance automatically

simulation and simplified thermal simulation with

commercial simulation tool such as PSPICE, SIMPLIS

and Flotherm. PEES automatically start up the simulation

tool, PEES automatically provide expert simulationmodels from specialist simulation BASE. Then PEES run

script program to update all design or analysis parameters

for simulation models, then user can simulate very easily.

Thermal 3D simulation is very slow, we give a total

solution. [See Fig. 21]

Fig. 21 PEES thermal solution [Undergoing]

Now, PEES expert knowledge BASE had finished the

research in rapid thermal evaluation and simplified

thermal simulation. All of the function blocks will improve

the simulation speed much more quickly.

Take rapid thermal simulation knowledge base as an

example. [See Fig. 22]

Fig. 22 Rapid thermal evaluation

*Limited by this papers space, algorithm and much more

detail information are omitted.

*The core driver engine and database maintenance tools

realization focus on software architecture theory. Base on

operation events and messages driver. The two parts are

omitted in this paper.

IV. PEES AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

Somebody will ask that PEES only give a total AIsolution for technical aspect design and analysis. How to

resolve non technical problems before the power supply

unit prototype is finished? PEES auxiliary systems meet

the requirements. The subsystems are developed in

Chinese.

PEES builds subsystem Technical marketing to

cover marketing information for PEES users browsing

what are collected by technical sales dept. [Fig. 23]

Fig. 23 Technical marketing subsystem

PEES builds child subsystem Patent system to

integrate the key project patents and monitoring patents

for PEES users what are collected by patent team.[Fig. 24]

Fig. 24 Patent subsystem

2014


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Of course, Engineers will cooperate to finish a

project. How to give more support in this process? PEES

builds subsystem Projects management system to help

PEES users improve the cooperating efficiency. [Fig. 25]

Fig. 25 Projects management subsystem

PEES builds subsystem Technical BBS to note

down PEES users feedback, sharing, questions. PEES

specialists will answer the questions and share some

experience. It is a technical discussion brainstorm

platform. [Fig. 26]

Fig. 26 Technical BBS subsystem

PEES will develop more subsystems with AI thinkingand experience knowledge to resolve what bothers us. If

you have good ideas or troubles, you can feel free to

contact with me.

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The paper describes how to realize design AI and

analysis AI for power supply engineering. The paper

demonstrates expert system as a solution with completed

architecture. It reviews PEES purpose, main function

blocks, runtime results performance comparison. PEES

algorithm models plus specialists experience rules are

accurate enough for pre-evaluation and power supply loss

analysis. After all, there are some errors in light load,algorithm models will be updated with latest research

result. PEES can give much more help to engineers with

AI expert system concept.

Till now, Buck, Boost, PFC, Bridgeless PFC, PSFB,

Flyback, single switch Forward or dual switches Forward,

LLC HB and FB are integrated into PEES. Diode rectifier

and SR are both supported. The system is stable, flexible

and extensible based on software development techniques,

such as Components reuse technique, OOP, ActiveX

controls, DLL etc. So more topologies, more components,

more experience rules, more function blocks will beintegrated into PEES very quickly.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

PEES had been developed for more than 3 years in

Delta Electronics. I am appreciated for all the teammates:

Bin Wu, Ke Wang, Jian Jiang, Peng Wei, Lei Xu, Qingyou

Zhang, Yuling Huang, Bo Wan, Xinchun Liang, Zhijie

Zhu, Wenxin Chen, Yueqing Wang, Xinmin Bai,

Yanxiong Bian, Qinghua Su,. Thanks for coaching from

Miss Chee Pan and Dr. Jianping Ying.

References

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_intelligence[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

[3] Wei Li, Chee Pan, JianPing Ying, "Power Electronics Expert

System (PEES) user manual version 2.0".

[4] Wei Li, QingHua Su, Chee Pan, JianPing Ying, "Power

Electronics Expert System (PEES) online help version 2.5".

[5] YanXiong Bian, Jian Jiang, Wei Li, HaoYi Ye, JianPing Ying,

"Prediction of MOS switching-off loss based on datasheet",

DPEC seminar 2007.

[6] Yuling Huang, "MOSFET switching process and loss analysis

derived from experimental method," DPEC seminar 2004.

[7] Yueing Wang, Qingou Zhang, Jianping Ying, "Prediction of

PIN Diode Reverse Recovery,"DPEC seminar 2003.

[8] Xinchun Liang,Yunxiu Li, Wei Chen, "Loss Analysis and

Selection Guidline of Litz Wire,"DPEC seminar 2003.

[9] Xinchun Liang,Yunxiu Li, Wei Chen, "Winding Loss

Calculation fot Toroidal Inductors under Sinusoidal

Excitation,"DPEC seminar 2003.

[10] Xinchun Liang, Yuequan Hu, Wei Chen, "Winding Loss

Calculation fot Toroidal Inductors under Sinusoidal

Excitation,"DPEC seminar 2002.

[11] E.X.Yang, F.C.Lee and M.M.Jovanovic, "small signal

modeling of power electronic circuits by extended describing

function concept", VPEC Seminar 1991

[12] R.D.Middlebrook and S.Cuk, "A general unified approach to

modeling switching converter power stages", in PESC 1976.

[13] Jim Groves, "small signal analysis using harmonic balance

methods", PESC1991.

[14] R.B.Ridley, "A new Small-signal model for current-mode

control", Ph.D.Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University, Blacksburg, Nov.1990.

[15] W.Tang, F.C.Lee, R.B.Ridley and I.Cohen, "Charge

Control:Modeling, Analysis and Design", PESC1992.

2015

04523003 - Design and Analysis Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research for Power Supply - Power...

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