04/10/2007 CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID 1

Engineering school, Nancy, FRANCE5th and last year

1 year as ERASMUS students

Project about Transportation of natural gas from Hammerfest to Norrbotten and Northern Finland

Thibaut CARTIGNY Guillaume PRADURAT

Melköya, Hammerfest30 years

Semi-trailer

Train

Pipeline

Ship

Introduction

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Liquefaction

Liquefying plant2.5 G$1-15 Mtons LNG/ year6TWh equivalent to 400 000tons

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-Warm the gas in a controlled environment- Either a big plant or small ones-Small plants: from 23 to 1500m3, from 400 000 to 10M$.- Big plant: from 100 000 to 1M m3, around 500M$.

Regasification

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CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID

The total demand of LNG in Norrbotten and in the north part of Finland

  Total [GWh]

Area 1 691

Area 2 2189,3

Area 3 3157

Sum [GWh]

6037,3

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Transportation by semi-trailers

• Size: 50 m3 of LNG per truck so 0.3GWh• 800km of road from Hammerfest to Kiruna or to

Lulea• 1.5 hours for loading and same unloading• Cost: 440 000 $• This option Needs:

– 330 trucks at the same time for 6TWh per year!!– Many small re-gasification plant

• But the cost doesn’t depend of the demand

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Transportation by trains • Size: 30 wagons per train, one wagon transports 110 m3 of

LNG so 690MWh• 500km of railway between Narvik and Lulea• 2 travels per week per train maximum to distribute all

destination so 2TWh per year• Cost: 135$/day/wagon• This option needs:

– One ship between Hammerfest and Narvik– 3 trains for 6TWh– One tank per destination because the train can’t wait– Some trucks for the industries far from the railway– Many small re-gasification plants

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Transportation by ship • Size: between 40 000 and 200 000 cubic meter of LNG• 125 000 m3 of LNG represent 750GWh• 4000km from Hammerfest to Lulea so 1 week• For 6TWh we need 8 ships per year, one ship every 45 days• One ship consumes 1080 tons of gas per travel• Cost: 150 millions $• This option needs:

– One ship– One big terminal next to Lulea– A network of pipeline to distribute gas to each industry

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Transportation by pipeline

• Pipes, compression stations, valves…• The gas is moved by the pressure gradient• The pressure is around 70bars• For 10TWh/year, we need a 8” main pipe• For 40TWh/year, we need a 16” main pipe• Power installed: 11MW for 10TWh, 50MW for 40TWh• Nearly no leakage, pipeline buried, very few accidents• No terrorism in Northern Scandinavia• Compressors driven by electrical motors• Compressors themselves environmentally friendly

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Pipelines planning

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Pipelines economy

10TWhCapacity per year 6 TWhCost per year for transportation only 7,2 M$Cost per MWh for transportation only 1,2 $/MWh

Cost per MWh on 10 years with investment 8,1 $/MWh

Cost per MWh on 30 years with investment 3,5 $/MWh

40TWhCapacity per year 6 TWhCost per year for transportation only 32,4 M$Cost per MWh for transportation only 5,4 $/MWh

Cost per MWh on 10 years with investment 18,4 $/MWh

Cost per MWh on 30 years with investment 9,7 $/MWh

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Comparison of the different options for a demand of 6TWh per year and without the cost for extraction of natural gas

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Type of transport

Cost in $/MWh with a paying off investment in 10 years

Cost in $/MWh with a paying off investment in 30 years

Construction time including study

Capacity maximum that can transport per year

Ship 19.26 10.18 5 years 26TWh (re-gasify plant capacity)

Train 9.95 (13.15 if not next to a railway)

8.28 (11.48 if not next to a railway)

3 years ~8TWh (4 trains)

Truck 21.3 21.3 1 year ~1TWh (55 trucks)

Pipeline, 10TWh

8,11 3,51 5-6 years 10TWh

Pipeline, 40TWh

17,71 9,11 5-6 years 40TWh

04/10/2007

Comparison of all options in function of the demand

with a paying off investment in 10 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 5 10 15 20 25Demand in TWh

Costs in $/MWh

pipeline10TWh

pipeline40TWh

ship +pipeline10TWh

ship +Pipeline40TWh

Trucks

Trains

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Comparison of all options in function of the demand

with a paying off investment in 30 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25Demand in TWh

Costs in $/MWh

pipeline10TWh

pipeline40TWh

ship +pipeline10TWh

ship +pipeline40TWh

trucks

trains

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• Demand of roughly 6TWh per year at the moment• Either on environmental or economical point of

views, the best way is to start with trucks until 1TWh, then to continue with pipelines

• The size of the pipeline will depend on the demand for the next 30 years

• Trains could be used until 8TWh during the construction of the pipeline

• Ships are too expensive compared to the others

Conclusion

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Thanks for your attention !

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