Integrated Concepts for Smart Cities Workshop ‚Innovative space-based solutions for Future Cities‘July 8-9 2014, Vienna

Tanja Tötzer Klaus Steinnocher, Daiva Jakutyte-Walangitang, Hans-Martin Neumann

Why is there a need for smart city concepts?• In the Smart Cities Initiative the European Commission proposes:

• “to progress by 2020 towards a 20 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable use and production of energy”,

requiring • “systemic approaches and organizational innovation, encompassing energy

efficiency, low carbon technologies and the smart management of supply and demand.”

Fossile fuel emissions/02-2009 in kg/m2/monthSource: http://www.carbones.eu/wcmqs/product/maps/

Key elements of a smart city

3

Source: Based on Risø Energy Report 10, 2011

Active buildings

Energy supply technologies

Smart energy grids

Low carbonmobility

Urban energy planning

4

Smart City sectors

Smart Mobility Networks

Active Buildings

Urban Energy Planning and Optimised Supply Technologies

Optimised Industrial Processes and Technologies

Urban Planning

New Business Models

ICT

5

Technological research questions

The density of the current transmission grid*)

Source: JRC (2014): 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan

*) Note: It includes the high voltage lines over 220 kV and the Member States’ interconnectors.

Transmission Grid

6

Regional costs for energy generation vs. installed capacitiesSource: EWI 2010: European RES-E Policy Analysis

Technological research questionsRenewable energy generation

7

Multiple Smart City concept definitions

Varying emphasis on the core characteristics of Smart City

Key Smart City development objectives: from static to dynamic systems and networks from consumers to prosumers from single technologies to integrated systematic solutions

8

Integration of processes, concepts and technologies• processes (e.g. policies, urban planning, infrastructure planning,

financing and stakeholder processes)• concepts (e.g. energy efficiency measures; decentralised and centralised

energy production strategies for heat, cold, electricity and fuels; mobility, waste and water strategies)

• technologies (e.g. CHPower, heat pumps, solar PV and thermal collectors, smart electrical and thermal network components)

Use of Information and Communication Technologies for• optimized design and operation of the urban energy systems • the communication between technologies • monitoring the performance of the Smart City • the communication with end energy consumers

Smart City pillars

9

Present sectoralapproaches

State of the Art

URBAN PLANNING

ENERGY

BUILDINGS

MOBILITY

INDUSTRY

Integrated Approach

Smart City approaches

10

Processes

ConceptsTechnologies

Energy producedin and for cities

The Smart Cities concept

Takes the holistic approach, considering urban complexity

Focuses on energy systems (demand, supply, distribution, storage) and resulting carbon emissions

Takes into account interactionsbetween energy and mobility, water, waste, the quality of life of its citizens and socio-economic conditions within the city

Transient thermal building simulation

Using Geographic Information Systems

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:0

0

12:0

0

14:0

0

16:0

0

18:0

0

20:0

0

22:0

0

Tageszeit

fläch

enbe

z. e

lekt

r. Le

istu

ng [W

/m²]

mittlerer Tagesgang

Öffnungszeit Schließzeit

Wind and microclimatic simulation at

neighbourhood scale

Assessment and monitoring of

energy systems at neighbourhood

scaleThermal simulation of district energy

systems(district heating and cooling)

0102030405060708090

100

ohne EE mit PVmin

mit PVmax

mitPV+Wind

min

mitPV+Wind

max

mit STmin

mit STmax

Prim

ären

ergi

ebed

arf (

nich

t ern

euer

bar)

[k

Wh P

E_N

E/m

².a]

Szenario PE AT, ohne FK Szenario PE AT, mit FKSzenario PE EU, ohne FK Szenario PE EU, mit FK

Providing scientific planning support for urban energy planning

11

Large scale framework conditions

12

• A city’s geographic situation and climatic context — influencing the amount of energy required for heating, cooling and lighting;

• Demographics — the size of the population influences the demand for space and services;

• Urban form and density — sprawling cities tend to have higher per capita emissions than more compact ones;

• The urban economy — types of economic activities and whether these emit large quantities of greenhouse gases;

• The wealth and consumption patterns of urban residents;Source: UN HABITAT, Global Report on Human Settlements 2011

Factors that influence the urban emission profile and energy consumption

Eurostat

Urban footprint (DLR); Urban fabric types and microclimate response(UFT ADI)

UFT-Adi Urban fabric types and microclimate response - Assessment and Design Improvement

1314.07.2014

Reference project

Clusteranalysis

From spatial and statistical indicators to cluster types

and scenario calcuationshttp://urbanfabric.tuwien.ac.at/index.php/de/

14

• geoland 2 – spatial planning (urban footprints and urban growth)• (http://www.gmes-geoland.info/service-portfolio/spatial-planning-products.html)

geoland 2Reference project

15

• Eurostat-project• Population density grid of Europe based on administrative statistics and EO derived

built-up information layers

Pop_Grid _EuropeReference project

Population per km2

17

• LISA – Land information system Austria (http://www.landinformationsystem.at )• Urban Structure and function based on EO and statistical information

LISA

Salzburg

Reference project

18

AIT Austrian Institute of Technoloyyour ingenious partner

DR. TANJA TÖTZER T +43(0) 50550-4548tanja.toetzer@ait.ac.at

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHEnergy DepartmentSustainable Buildings and CitiesGiefinggasse 6 | 1210 Vienna | Austriahttp://www.ait.ac.at

DR. KLAUS STEINNOCHERT +43(0) 50550-4590klaus.steinnocher@ait.ac.at