033 - Ergonomic Guidelines for the Offshore Industry

8/10/2019 033 - Ergonomic Guidelines for the Offshore Industry

1/27

ERGONOMIC GUIDELINES

FOR

THE OFFSHORE INDUSTRY


2/27

033.E

Ergonomic Guidelines 01.05.94

for the Offshore Industry 0

II: Design of Workplace II: 1

I I : DESI GN OF WORKPL ACES

Volume I: Goals, principles and proced

Volume II: Design of workplaces

Volume III: Work load

Volume IV: Ergonomic job analysis

Volume V: Ergonomic mapping

Volume VI: Health control

CONTENTS

0. Introduction

1. Purpose and application

2. References

3. Definitions

4. Requirements for user competence

5. Requirements for ergonomic design of workplaces6. General requirements

7. Area requirements, accommodation unit

8. Area requirements, drilling unit

9. Area requirements, process and utility areas


3/27

033.E




0. I NTRODUCTI ON

These Guidelines contain requirements for the design of workplaces and work areas on offshore

installations. The requirements comprise corresponding requirements developed in the draft CEN

ergonomic standards. These, however, apply to all industry. The sphere of application of the

various requirements in the CEN standards must therefore be further defined, and must be

supplemented with requirements of a special interest to the offshore industry.

1. PURPOSE AND APPL I CATI ON

1.1 Purpose

The Guidelines specify requirements for the design of areas and workplaces on offshore

installations.

The purpose of the Guidelines is to secure a high work efficiency and help prevent that the

employees are exposed to excessive physical strain and thus a short or long-term risk of

repetitive strain injuries.

1.2 Application

The Guidelines apply to the planning of all types of work activities in connection with thedevelopment, modification and operation of offshore installations.

2. REF ERENCES

These Guidelines include provisions from other publications. These normative references are

mentioned in the relevant places in the text, and the publications are listed in the following. The

reference is made to the last edition of the publications concerned.


4/27

033.E




ENV 26385: Ergonomic principles of the design of work systems.

prEN 614: Safety of machinery, Ergonomic design principles

part 1: Terminology and general principles

part 2: Interaction between machinery design and work tasks

prEN 547 Safety of machinery, Human body dimensions

part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into

machinery

part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings

part 3: Anthropometric data for whole body access into machinery and access openings

part 4: Ergonomics requirements for the design of workplaces at machinery - sitting and standing

postures (TC 122/WG 1/N, in prep.)

Ergonomic guidelines for the offshore industry

volume I: Goals, principles and procedures

volume IV: Ergonomic job analysis

3. DEF I NI TI ONS

Definitions given in volume I, "Goals, principles and procedures", apply to these Guidelines.

Manning is defined as follows in these Guidelines:

Permanently manned:

Work area manned for minimum 8 hours per day, minimum 50% of the days. If the total number of

working hours per week in the work area exceeds 60 hours, the area should be defined as manned.

Partly manned:

Work area where inspection, maintenance and other work is planned for minimum 2 hours per day,


5/27

033.E




minimum 50% of the days, or work is performed for minimum 8 hours per day, min. 10% of the

days.

Normally unmanned:

Work area that is not permanently or partly manned.

4. RE QU I REM E NTS F OR U SE R COM PE TE NCE

The users of these Guidelines should have knowledge and experience of using ergonomic principles

for the design of workplaces and work areas.

Comment

1. The requirements in these Guidelines are developed as requirements for function or general

design requirements. The users of these Guidelines are expected to have the necessarycompetence to evaluate the content of the requirements and translate these into specific

design requirements.

2. The term "acknowledged standards or data" is used several places in the Guidelines.

Examples of literature that provides useful information are given in Appendix A.

5. RE QU I RE M EN TS F OR E RGON OM I C D ESI G N OF W ORK PL A CE S

5.1 During the design and modification of workplaces on offshore installations, a systematic

planning of ergonomic aspects shall take place in accordance with procedures and

requirements specified in the Ergonomic Guidelines, Volume I: Goals, principles and

procedures, and Volume IV: Ergonomic job analysis, prEN614-1, prEN614-2 and ENV

26385.

Comment


6/27


7/27

033.E




6.1.3 CEN standards prEN 547-1 and 547-2 apply as requirements for space and accessibility.

Comment

The CEN standards require that the necessary use of gloves and other personal protective

equipment be taken into account during the design of control handles etc.


8/27

033.E




6.1.4 Steps shall be taken to insure that all transportation can take place in a safe way and in

accordance with the guidelines concerning work loads. Transportation ways where trolleys,

carts etc. are used shall not contain steps and thresholds. Space requirements shall

particularly be considered if the direction of traffic is changed.

6.1.5 The need for a lift for vertical transportation shall be considered.

6.1.6 If there is a need for daily access between different levels the access shall take place by

means of fixed stairs or a fixed ladder, preferably stairs.

6.1.7 Stairs, ladders and platforms shall be designed in accordance with acknowledged standards.

6.1.8 Control handles to be used frequently or in critical situations shall be operable from floor

level or from a fixed work platform.

6.1.9 The following minimum requirements apply to space in vertical and horizontal direction

(recommended values in brackets). This space shall be increased as required by the work

operations.

Vertical clearance:

Work areas 2300 mm(Greater heights should be considered

for areas >60 m2).

Transportation ways for vehicles 3000 mm

Gangways 2100 mm

(2300 mm should be considered if there is

heavy traffic)


9/27

033.E




Space between pipe bottom and floor 150 mm

Space between external diameter of flange

and fixed obstruction 250 mm

(Space to be used for automated tools, e.g. pneumatic screwdriver, shall be considered in

connection with frequent maintenance).

Horizontal clearance

Transportation ways for sizeable vehicles 3000 mm

Transportation ways for trolleys 2000 mm

Main gangways 1200 mm

Other gangways 900 mm (1000 mm)

Space around fixed equipment (valves,

pumps, fans, instruments etc.) 900 mm (1000 mm)

Space around areas reserved for

the replacement of internal components 900 mm (1000 mm)

Space between external diameter Expected tool or pipe and fixed obstructions

of flanges movement + 25 mm

(The necessary covering shall be allowed for).

6.2 D esign of wor kpl aces

6.2.1 In connection with the design of workplaces, including location of control handles,

acknowledged body measurements shall be taken into account.


10/27

033.E




6.2.2 Permanent and partly manned workplaces with repeated use of objects or control handles

for continuous periods of more than two hours per day shall be designed in accordance with

prEN 547-4 (TC 122/WG 1 N 115).

6.2.3 Permanent and partly manned workplaces for seated work shall have simple tabletops of

adjustable height, adjustment area min. 680-750 mm above the floor. Height shall be

adjustable in one or two simple movements from seated position. The thickness of the

tabletop shall not exceed 50 mm in the sitting area.

6.2.4 Permanently manned workplaces for standing work shall have work benches that are easily

adjustable in the region of min. 800-1150 mm above the floor. Height shall be adjustable in

one or two simple movements from standing position. Possibilities to relieve the pressure on

the legs (support chair for standing work, high chair for seated work) and a shock absorbing

mat shall be considered.

6.2.5 The center height of control handles in connection with standing work shall not exceed 1800

mm above the floor. Recommended center height is 1000-1500 mm.

6.2.6 Workplaces where seated work is performed shall have sufficient space for legs below the

work surface, a width of min. 610 mm, depth of min. 500 mm at knee height and min. 650

mm at floor level.

6.2.7 The work chair shall be designed in accordance with acknowledged standards (cf. item

7.2.2).

6.2.8 Workplaces shall be designed and located with a view to providing for simple and rational

movement of objects where relevant.

6.2.9 Arrangements shall be made for the use of lifting gear where a lift of more than 25 kg is likely

to take place.


11/27

033.E




Comment

When ordering consumables, the size and weight of packages must be considered.

Packages that contain consumables of more than 15 kg should be avoided, or requirements

specified for the supplier.

6.2.10 Lighting and dimming conditions shall meet acknowledged standards.

6.3 E qu ipmen t an d A ppl i an ces

6.3.1 Tools, equipment and control handles shall be designed and located with a view to

preventing lasting static muscular work, joints in extreme position, a high development of

power and vibrations.

Comment

The CEN standard prEN 894-3 establishes guidelines for the design of control handles.

6.3.2 Hand tools shall be designed in accordance with acknowledged standards.

6.3.3 Lifting gear shall be user friendly and readily available.

6.3.4 Trolleys, transportation tables and similar means of transportation should be of a suitable

design, easily maneuverable and have a low rolling resistance. Minimum 2 of the wheels

shall be lockable.

6.3.5 Personal protective equipment shall be designed to meet the required ergonomic standards,

allowing work to be performed in an appropriate way without putting unnecessary strain on

the users.

6.3.6 The need for storage of maintenance and/or cleaning equipment and ditto consumables in the


12/27

033.E




vicinity of the area shall be considered for areas with frequent maintenance or cleaning.

6.4 B ui ldin g-tech ni cal con di ti on s

6.4.1 Materials and surfaces of structural members, installations and equipment shall be easy to

clean and maintain.

6.4.2 The building-technical conditions (location of drains etc.) shall be organized so as to facilitate

cleaning.

6.4.3 The opening force of doors in frequent use shall not exceed 65 N (side hinged) and 50 N

(sliding door) respectively. No doors shall have an opening force in excess of 130 N (side

hinged) and 105 N (sliding door). Mechanically assisted opening of doors shall be

considered in the main pathways.

6.4.4 A ring main for high-pressure washdown stations shall be considered in areas where heavy

cleaning may occur.

7. A RE A RE QU I RE M EN TS, ACCOM M OD AT I ON UN I T

The following sub-areas are specified in the accommodation unit: offices, medical office, reception,

radio room, helitower, toilet/shower, lockers, cabins, kitchen areas, recreation areas, dining room,conference room, laundry room, cleaning room, gym.

7.1 Common requirements for the accommodation unit

7.1.1 Internal doors shall be without thresholds and shall be able to remain open during cleaning,

except for if this is prevented by special fire-technical or acoustic requirements.

7.1.2 High cabinets shall extend all the way to the ceiling. Cabinets shall be fixed to the wall min.

250 mm above the floor. If floor support is desirable, a full base will be preferable. If legs


13/27

033.E




to the floor are required, the number shall be minimized and their min. height shall be 250

mm. Cabinets shall not have dust collecting moldings.

7.1.3 Electric contacts and switches shall be flush mounted and easily accessible. The

recommended height for all installations is 900-1100 mm above the floor.

7.1.4 Obstacles that prevent efficient cleaning shall be avoided. The following measures may be

considered:

- loose wires attached to the wall

- telephone installed on the wall

- waste baskets installed on the wall

- sizeable drawers (e.g. below beds) can be drawn out all the way for simple cleaning

- televisions installed on the walls in pivoting racks

- curtain boards shall be avoided, the wall should be extended over the window- minimal use of shelves

7.1.5 Arrangements shall be made for simple transportation between the landing place and areas

of use, preferably by having these at the same level. A device for goods transportation to

the helideck shall be considered.

7.1.6 A central vacuum cleaner shall be considered. The power outlet should be installed on the

wall and available without special tools. The range of the hose should be sufficient for easycleaning of areas that require frequent cleaning.

7.1.7 Large garbage containers should consist of plastic bags in frames, rather than fixed

containers.

7.2 Offices

7.2.1 The size should be adapted to equipment and use. Net area for a permanently manned

office should be min. 6 m2 per work station.


14/27

033.E




7.2.2 The office chair should meet the following requirements:

- hydraulic adjustment of the seat height

- the seat should be level, with firm and good padding and a rocking mechanism

- the height of the back support shall be adjustable, and the support should have a

good anatomic shape, and a height and width suited to the relevant tasks

- seat and/or back support should be adjustable at the horizontal level for adjustment

to the thigh length

- the lower part of the chair should be stable, 5 legs with wheels

7.2.3 The workdesk shall meet the following requirements:

- size as required

- possibilities to connect additional table leaves

- easy height adjustment

- integrated terminal well facilities

- mobile drawer sections

- minimal support frame in the sitting area

7.2.4 Computer work stations shall be designed in accordance with acknowledged standards.

7.3 M edical Office

7.3.1 Requirements 7.2.2 to 7.2.4 also apply to the Medical Office.

7.4 Reception

7.4.1 Requirements 7.2.2 to 7.2.4 also apply to the reception.


15/27

033.E




7.4.2 The desk height shall be adjusted to standing or seated work.

7.5 Radio room

7.5.1 Requirements 7.2.2 to 7.2.4 also apply to radio rooms.

7.6 H eli tower

7.6.1 Requirements 7.2.2 to 7.2.4 also apply to the helitower.

7.7 Toi lets, shower s

7.7.1 All toilets should be fixed to the wall. The recommended seat height is 450 mm.

7.7.2 All sinks should be fixed to the wall and either have an upturned edge toward the wall or

have min. 50 mm clearance for effective cleaning. The recommended sink height is 900 mm.

No cabinet is recommended below the sink.

7.7.3 There shall be no tinshowerhead permanently installed.

7.7.4 If tiles are used in the shower, the surface of the grout shall be smooth and elastic to facilitatecleaning.

7.7.5 Access for sewage pipe rodding shall be effectively arranged.

7.8 L ockers

7.8.1 Requirement 7.7 "toilet, shower" also applies to lockers where relevant.

7.8.2 Washdown arrangements shall be made.


16/27

033.E




7.8.3 Lockers shall as far as possible be attached to the wall without any legs to the floor and extend

to the ceiling. If space permits, there shall be a bench in front (380-450 mm high).

7.9 Cabins

7.9.1 The requirements in chapter 7.7., "Toilets, showers" also apply to "Cabins".

7.9.2 Bunk beds must be avoided.

7.9.3 Beds must have a base directly on the floor and there must be no gap between the base and

the wall. The maximum height of the mattress must be 550-600 millimeters above the floor.

A light top mattress is recommended.

7.9.4 A combined bed/settee is not recommended. In cases where a combined bed/settee is used,it must be possible to convert the bed/settee in one simple movement.

7.9.5 Shelves and bedside tables should be fastened to the wall and have no support legs to the

floor.

7.10 K itch en ar eas

7.10.1 When choosing the layout of the kitchen and adjacent areas (storeroom, landing place, coldroom, dining room etc.) internal walking and transportation distances must be limited to the

extent possible. The areas must be situated on the same floor and have well-proportioned

transportation routes, access ways, doors, corridors etc. The storeroom must be designed

for easy access by trolley.

7.10.2 The dish washing area must, when fully staffed, be sufficiently spacious to store baskets. The

basket rack must not exceed 1500 millimeters. It should be possible to adjust the height of

the kitchen sinks. Dishwasher in the scrubbing area should be considered.


17/27

033.E




7.10.3 The floor covering must be of the anti-skid type and easy to clean. It must be possible to

wash down the floor using hot water and effectively drain the water to the floor outlet.

7.10.4 The floor outlet/floor grid must have a design and location which permits the strainer to be

emptied frequently. The outlet must be adapted and proportioned for fast emptying of fixed

frying and cooking utensils as appropriate.

7.10.5 There must be a tap above kitchen stoves and frying pans.

7.10.6 It must be possible to adjust the height (minimum 800-1150 millimeters) of work benches,

kitchen stoves and frying pans, and these must preferably be fixed to the wall for easy

cleaning. It must be possible to adjust the height in one simple movement.

7.10.7 Utensils which are used every day must not be located above shoulder height (1500

millimeters). All utensils must have a location which makes cleaning easy.

7.10.8 Open doors on cupboards, baking ovens etc. must not block access and passage.

7.10.9 The garbage compactor area must be designed for low lifting height of garbage.

7.11 Recreation areas

7.11.1 When selecting furniture and floor covering, emphasis must be put on facilitating cleaning.Furniture which are easy to move should be chosen.

7.11.2 The following conditions must be evaluated in connection with chairs to be used for

recreation purposes:

- satisfactory sitting comfort

- fixed padding

- good support for lower back

- plastic mats for moving chairs around easily


18/27

033.E




- avoid chrome and bright surfaces

- easy-to-clean materials

- anti-stain treated

7.11.3 The height of chairs and tables must be adjusted to each another.

7.11.4 A water outlet through the refilling hose for drinking dispensers must be evaluated.

7.12 D ining r oom

7.12.1 The requirements in item 7.11.2 to item 7.11.4 also apply to "Dining Room" (not plastic

mats)

7.12.2 It must be easy to hang chairs from the table.

7.13 Conference room

7.13.1 The requirements in items 7.11.2 and 7.11.3 also apply to "Conference room".

7.14 L aundry

7.14.1 The laundry must have a central location, near an elevator, with no long transportation

distances.

7.14.2 Separate equipment and linen rooms with easy access between the rooms to all appliances,

is recommended.

7.14.3 The door to the laundry must have an opening which is minimum 900 millimeters wide.

7.14.4 There must be storage space for trolleys.

7.14.5 Fully automatic washing machine with opening at the front is recommended. Automatic


19/27

033.E




dosing system for washing and rinsing powder must be installed. The lower edge of the

washing machine door opening must be 800-1000 millimeters above the floor. The height for

refilling washing and rinsing powder must be maximum 1500 millimeters.

7.14.6 The capacity of tumble driers must correspond to that of the washing machines. It must be

possible to clean the vent fluff filter without climbing stairs/ladders.

7.14.7 The height of trolleys and tables for transporting clothing must be adjusted to the machine

opening. Spring-loaded trolley bottom should be considered to be able to maintain a normal

working posture.

7.14.8 There must be suitable conditions for flushing. All floor outlets must be designed for and

allow strainers to be emptied frequently.

7.15 Cl eani ng r oom

7.15.1 There must be a separate room for the necessary cleaning equipment on all floors in the

living quarters, and the room must otherwise be situated in the vicinity of areas which require

cleaning regularly. The room must have sufficient shelf capacity, tool holders, sink with sand

filter, cold and hot water, utility sink with grid (height 600 millimeters) and sufficient vertical

distance to the tap for filling buckets. A dosing system for refilling detergents must be

installed. There must be sufficient floor space to park the cleaning trolley. A floor outlet must

be considered.

7.15.2 Scrubbing, polishing and carpet cleaning machines must be easy to use.


20/27

033.E




7.16 Gym

7.16.1 It is recommended that racks for weights, weight bars etc. be fixed (to the wall) to facilitate

cleaning.

7.16.2 Equipment must be placed on the floor to the extent possible.

8. AREA REQUI REM ENTS - DRI L LI NG UNI T

The following sub-areas are specified in the drilling unit: drill floor, driller's house, derrickman's cabin,

mud treatment/drilling area, mud logging room, pipe rack deck. For locker rooms, toilets, cleaning

rooms, offices and recreation areas, the same requirements apply as those applicable to the drilling

unit.

8.1 Common dr i l l ing uni t r equ i r emen ts

8.1.1 The drain system must have a location and design which makes it easy to clean.

8.1.2 There must be arrangements for jet water washing in all modules.

8.1.3 When selecting floor covering for day rooms, special emphasis must be put on cleaning

friendliness, including the effect of using chemicals.

8.2 Dr i l l f loor

8.2.1 The flooring must be level.

8.2.2 There must be anti-skid flooring in work and transportation areas.

8.2.3 There must be sufficient storage space near the work area for auxiliary equipment which is

used temporarily.


21/27

033.E




8.2.4 The heavy equipment storeroom must have a location which makes transportation/lifting

onto/from the drill floor easy.

8.2.5 Arrangements must be made to avoid unnecessary traffic on the drill floor.

8.2.6 There must be suitable conditions for appropriate handling of heavy logging instruments.

8.3. D ri ll er 's house

8.3.1 The driller must have satisfactory visibility from his normal working posture to the rotary

table, top drive and finger board.

8.3.2 Control handles must be designed according to recognized standards.

8.3.3 Windows towards the rotary table, top drive and finger board must have an effective

cleaning system which ensures satisfactory visibility in all kinds of situations. It must be

possible to maintain the cleaning system in a simple and safe manner.

8.4 D er ri ckman' s cabi n

8.4.1 The requirements in item 9.7.1 to item 9.7.6 also apply to the "Derrickman's cabin".

8.4.2 The design of the derrickman's cabin must provide the operator with satisfactory visibility to

all loading positions from a normal sitting posture.

8.5 Mu d tr eatmen t/dr i ll i ng ar ea

8.5.1 The mixing of drilling mud must be automated if technically feasible. Mixing operations which

involve manual lifting/carrying must be avoided to the extent possible.

8.5.2 As regards manual mud treatment, the chemical sack room and the mud mixing room must


22/27

033.E




be situated on the same floor and in the immediate vicinity of each other.

8.5.3 It must be possible to put pallets of sacks on the lifting table near a possible sack cutting

machine, using a truck or pallet lift.

8.5.4 There must be suitable conditions for easy cleaning and maintenance of the shakers.

8.6. M u d l oggi ng r oom

8.6.1 There must be sufficient space to carry out both office and laboratory work. It must be

possible to do this type of work in separate areas.

8.6.2 It must be easy to adjust the height and angle of computer screens and keyboards as well as

their distance to the operator.

8.7 Pipe rack deck

8.7.1 Separate storage space must be reserved for units which are stored permanently in the area.

8.7.2 Protective cowling/end covers/protectors for all piping/casings must be designed for minimal

manual handling.

9. A RE A RE QU I RE M E NT S F OR PROCE SS A ND U TI L I T Y A RE AS

The following sub-areas are specified within process and utility areas: control room, laboratory,

crane driver's cabin, workshops, storerooms, main storeroom, landing places, deck areas. For

locker rooms, toilets, offices and cleaning rooms, the same requirements apply as in section 7, "Area

requirements for living quarters".

9.1 Common requirements for process and utility areas


23/27

033.E




9.1.1 Arrangements for jet water washing using hot water must be considered for all modules.

9.2 Control room

9.2.1 Screens, panels and lighting fixtures must have a location which provides satisfactory

visibility in a normal working posture.

9.2.2 It must be possible to the adjust the height of the work table in one simple movement from a

sitting posture.

9.2.3 It must be easy to adjust the height and angle of computer screens and keyboards as well as

their distance to the operator.

9.2.4 Pointing facilities for screens must be evaluated with regard to strain on arms and shoulders.

9.2.5 The control room chair must satisfy the general requirements for chairs (item 7.2.2) and also

be designed with a view to obtaining satisfactory sitting comfort by means of a high chair

back, headrest, rocking mechanism and upholstered arm rests.

9.3 L aboratory

9.3.1 There must be sufficient space on the work benches for a permanent setup of all standard

analyses.

9.3.2 Cupboards, benches and other units must be fixed to the wall or console to the extent

possible so that cleaning is not hampered by legs, supports etc.

9.3.3 The fume cupboard must be constructed in a manner which allows work to be carried out

without assuming unfortunate working postures.

9.4 Workshops


24/27

033.E




9.4.1 There must be sufficient shelves for storing equipment. Heavy equipment must be located at

medium level.

9.4.2 Relief facilities (hanging arrangements, counterbalance) for heavy hand tools must be

evaluated.

9.4.3 Workplaces must be arranged to allow variation between work in a sitting and standing

posture.


25/27

033.E




9.4.4 It must be possible to use lifting facilities in the whole of the work area in question.

9.5 Storeroom

9.5.1 The storeroom must be located near and on the same floor as the container storage area.

9.5.2 Units in everyday use must not be stored above shoulder height (1500 millimeters).

Whenever units are stored above shoulder height, it is a minimum requirement that there is

easy access to these units by staircase or ladder.

9.5.3 Mobile shelf units must be considered where appropriate.

9.6 M ain stor er oom

9.6.1 The requirements in chapter 9.5, "Storeroom", also apply to the "Main storeroom".

9.6.2 The landing place outside the main storeroom must be situated on the same floor as this

storeroom and be large enough for trucks etc. to be used.

9.6.3 Functional stepladders etc. must be easily available.

9.6.4 There must be sufficient space for pallets where relevant.

9.7 T he Cr an e D r iver ' s Cabin

9.7.1 The crane driver's cabin must be designed so that the crane driver, when sitting in a normal

position, has an unrestricted view of all loading posistions.

9.7.2 The crane driver's chair must be placed on rails so as to ensure ease of movement both

backward and forward. The chair shall be easily accessable for both entering and leaving.


26/27


27/27

033.E




Ergonomic reference literature and databases

Recognized standards

Human scale (MIT Press, Massachusetts, USA)

Woodson: Human Factors Design Handbook. McGraw-Hill

Mital A, Kilbom A.: "Design, selection and use of hand tools to alleviate trauma of the upper

extremities: Part I - Guidelines for the practitioner." Int. J. Ind. Ergonomics 10 (1992): 1-6.

Waters T.R., Putz-Anderson V., Garg A., Fine L.J.: "Revised NIOSH equation for the design and

evaluation of manual lifting tasks." Ergonomics 36 (1993): 749-776.

Ergonomic reference literature

Ayoub M.M., Mital A.:"Manual materials handling". Taylor & Francis. London 1989.

Ergobase, Biomechanical Co. of America

"Antropometriske mlinger for industrien" (Anthropometric measurements for industry) (SINTEFreport STF23 A92036)

Backsoft, Biomechanical Co. of America

Imrhan S.N.: "Equipment design for maintenance: Part I - Guidelines for the practitioner."

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 10(1992):35-43.

033 - Ergonomic Guidelines for the Offshore Industry

Documents

Transcript of 033 - Ergonomic Guidelines for the Offshore Industry