03 Introduction to Minitab

03 Introduction to MinitabTM

Measure ControlImproveAnalyzeDefineRecognize

Six Sigma Six Sigma Green Belt TrainingGreen Belt Training

2007 American Society for Quality. All Rights Reserved.

2007 American Society for Quality.All Rights Reserved.

AnalyzeMeasure ControlImprove Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

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Minitab

MinitabTM is a very powerful, full feature, statistics package seamless with Excel, PowerPoint and iGrafx

Does all the math and graphics for:

– Control Charts

– Hypothesis testing

– Design of Experiments

– Confidence intervals

The primary software enabler for 6

– Sample size selection

– Multivariance analysis

– Gage R&R

– and much more



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Minitab

The de facto software for statistical analysis for Six Sigma projects

Is not a spreadsheet

Minitab is not difficult to learn

Minitab has excellent context sensitive help

World-class call in and email support for registered users



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Minitab Environment

Session

Window

DataWindow

Columns C1, C2, C3, . . .

Cells

Rows 1, 2, . . .

Multiple worksheets may be open in different Data windows. However, only one is active at a time.



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Minitab Accepts Three Types of Data: Date/Time, Text & Numeric

D suffix indicates

the column contains date/time

T suffix indicates the

column contains text

No suffix indicates the

column contains

numeric data

Data types can not be mixed in a column. If the column contains one cell that has text in it, the entire column is considered to be text.

Minitab operates on columns not cells



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Minitab Operations

The vast majority of operations effect the entire column.For example, you can not plot a portion of a column.

Only the columns that can be acted upon appear on the selection (left) panel. Double clicking on a column name moves it to the action (right) panel.



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Minitab Windows

Data - just as the name implies

Session - output of most tests and analysis

Graphs - each graph is created in a new window. Graphs are linked to the data but updates only occur when the Window>Update All Graphs Now command is performed or by right clicking on the graph and selecting Update Graph Automatically.

Information - column by column summary information about the data

History - record of actions, useful for creating macros



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Minitab File Types

Worksheet contains the data only. Takes very little disk space. All of the Minitab files used training are worksheet files which use the suffix .MTW

Project contains a complete record of actions taken (session window, history window, graphs and worksheet(s). Takes more disk space. Uses the file suffix .MPJ



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Importing Data

Each variable must be in a single column

Title each column (less than 31 characters)

Blank cells will show as *

Dollar signs and , separators are OK

Note: Minitab can manipulate the data to fix most problems but it is typically easier in the native program (i.e., Excel or Access)



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Creating Graphs

Pull down the graph menu then select the desired graph type and fill in the dialog boxes.

Note: the dialog boxes are not active until the cursor is in the box, so the options do not show in the selection panel until the cursor is in the box.



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Exporting Data and Graphs

Graphs - click the right mouse button on any graph to open the graph sub menu. The most efficient way to copy Minitab graphs into PowerPoint is to use the copy graph command from the graph submenu, switch to PowerPoint select the paste special command then paste as a Picture (enhanced metafile)!

Text - drag across the desired text then right click to open the copy dialog box or use the standard ctrl-c. Text in the session widow is a mono-space font, therefore it will not align correctly unless a mono-space font is applied to it. Courier New is the most commonly used.



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Importing Data

Open the file Excel-Minitab.XLSSelect and copy from A2 though M15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecDefective Electronic Component 3 7 40 13 16 5 16 13 14 10 5 11Defective Electronic Assembly 0 1 4 1 2 5 0 2 0 2Defective Mechanical Component 103 169 247 334 290 171 246 140 155 178 103 158Incorrect Component Assembled 38 72 58 90 57 87 120 72 65 59 88 57Wrong Hardware 222 233 328 250 185 119 137 109 99 131 85 138Soldering Defect 188 359 337 454 288 300 353 315 225 211 176 193Electrical Connection 17 42 49 38 44 42 59 37 41 77 34 19Wiring/cable Defect 88 217 137 190 131 91 95 95 79 76 71 56Finishing Defect 64 121 103 124 70 47 65 79 63 77 42 76Processing Defect 9 21 24 31 20 8 15 11 13 15 10 6Damaged Component 372 472 551 703 505 436 464 449 427 428 300 444Cleanliness Defect 204 139 81 122 111 71 120 50 55 49 68 36Procedural Defects 254 288 254 235 157 121 139 101 112 144 122 124



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Data in Minitab

Data transferred from Excel. Note the * in row 2 of C4. This is the result of pasting an empty cell into Minitab. This will be treated as missing data, not as a zero.

Replace the *s with zeros.



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Create a Pareto Chart

Stat>Quality Tools>Pareto Chart

1

2

3



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Pareto Chart for C1

J an 67372 254 222 204 188 103 88 64Percent 4.323.8 16.3 14.2 13.1 12.0 6.6 5.6 4.1Cum % 100.023.8 40.1 54.3 67.3 79.4 86.0 91.6 95.7

C1

Other

Finish

ing D

efec

t

Wirin

g/ca

ble D

efec

t

Defec

tive Mec

hanic

al Co

mpone

nt

Solde

ring Def

ect

Clean

lines

s Defec

t

Wrong

Hardw

are

Proc

edur

al Defe

cts

Damag

ed C

ompo

nent

1600140012001000800600400200

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

Jan

Perc

ent

Pareto Chart of C1



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Calc>Row Statistics

Create a “Year” Column



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Stat>Quality Tools>Pareto Chart

Create a Pareto Chart for “Year”



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Pareto Chart for Year

Number or Defects 863 8525551339922942051203613261106 931Percent 4.2 4.227.2 16.7 11.2 10.0 10.0 6.5 5.4 4.6Cum % 95.8100.027.2 43.9 55.1 65.1 75.1 81.6 87.091.6

C1

Other

Inco

rrect

Compo

nent A

ssem

bled

Finish

ing D

efec

t

Clean

lines

s Defec

t

Wirin

g/ca

ble D

efec

t

Wrong

Hardw

are

Proc

edural

Defects

Defecti

ve M

echa

nical

Compo

nent

Solde

ring De

fect

Damag

ed C

ompo

nent

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Num

ber

or

Defe

cts

Pareto Analysis for the Year



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Plot Units Failed vs. Units Submitted

Copy data from Excel spreadsheet cells A16:M17 into Minitab rows 16 – 27.Transpose the columns in Minitab Data>Transpose Columns

Note the data could also have been transposed in Excel using the Paste special command.



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Create a Scatter Plot



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Scatter Plot

24002200200018001600140012001000800600

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

Units Failed Insp

Units

Subm

itte

d I

nsp

Scatterplot of Units Submitted Insp vs Units Failed Insp



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Enhancing the Graph

Units Failed Test

Units

Subm

itte

d T

est

120011001000900800700600500

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

Scatterplot of Units Submitted Test vs Units Failed Test

Worksheet: Worksheet 5

Right click on the Y Axis



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Edit Some Features of the Axis



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Enhanced Graph

Many more of Minitab’s graphic features are used in the Graphic Analysis module.

24002200200018001600140012001000800600

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

Units Failed Insp

Units

Subm

itte

d I

nsp

Scatterplot of Units Submitted Insp vs Units Failed Insp



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Formulae in Columns

Right Click in the title box of column 15



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Enter the Formula

Changes in any of the reference columns causes the formula to update the result in the target column.

This does not occur when the calculator is used unless the assign as a formula check box is checked.



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Using Minitab’s Help

Press F1 in a blank Minitab session to start at the beginning of the help system

Press F1 for context sensitive help

Click on at the bottom left of any menu



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Using Minitab’s Help

At any dialog box, press F1 for context sensitive help or click on at the bottom left of any menu



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Minitab’s Help

Minitab has an excellent context sensitive help systems



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Select Methods and Formulas to Drill Down



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Drill Down Capability



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Drill Down Results



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Create a Capability Analysis to Illustrate Statguide

Open the worksheet Sample Data.MTW

Quality Tools > Capability Analysis > Normal

SelectSelect



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Create a Capability Analysis to Illustrate Statguide(cont.)Quality Tools > Capability Analysis > Normal > Select

Sample Data, Subgroup size: 5, Lower Spec: 4, Upper Spec: 16



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Using the Statguide

Right click on the graph to bring up the menu on the right.

Select

16141210864

LSL USL

LSL 4Target *USL 16Sample Mean 10.0815Sample N 750StDev(Within) 1.98534StDev(Overall) 2.21949

Process Data

Z.Bench 2.80Z.LSL 3.06Z.USL 2.98Cpk 0.99

Z.Bench 2.46Z.LSL 2.74Z.USL 2.67Ppk 0.89Cpm *

Overall Capability

Potential (Within) Capability

PPM < LSL 4000.00PPM > USL 5333.33PPM Total 9333.33

Observed PerformancePPM < LSL 1094.84PPM > USL 1436.09PPM Total 2530.93

Exp. Within PerformancePPM < LSL 3071.48PPM > USL 3831.23PPM Total 6902.71

Exp. Overall Performance

WithinOverall

Process Capability of Sample Data

Worksheet: Sample Data.MTW



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Using the Statguide

Click on any topic in the left panel to obtain a non-technical description in the right panel.



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16141210864

LSL USL

LSL 4Target *USL 16Sample Mean 10.0815Sample N 750StDev(Within) 1.98534StDev(Overall) 2.21949

Process Data

Z.Bench 2.80Z.LSL 3.06Z.USL 2.98Cpk 0.99

Z.Bench 2.46Z.LSL 2.74Z.USL 2.67Ppk 0.89Cpm *

Overall Capability

Potential (Within) Capability

PPM < LSL 4000.00PPM > USL 5333.33PPM Total 9333.33

Observed PerformancePPM < LSL 1094.84PPM > USL 1436.09PPM Total 2530.93

Exp. Within PerformancePPM < LSL 3071.48PPM > USL 3831.23PPM Total 6902.71

Exp. Overall Performance

WithinOverall

Process Capability of Sample Data

Worksheet: Sample Data.MTW

Using the Minitab Report Function

Select

Right click on the graph to bring up the menu on the right, and Select: Append Graph to ReportThis puts the graph into report pad, which is behind the scenes in MINITAB. The report can be saved by: File > Save Report As Save as Rich Text Format (*.RTF) or Web Page (*htm, *.html)



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Customizing Minitab (If You Want To)

Adding items to Minitab’s menus may help Minitab fit your style.



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Customizing Minitab (If You Want To)

Drag and drop from this panel

to any menu

Open and save

project commands added to the edit menu



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Add Links to the Tools Menu

Adds a new link

Click here then

browse to find the desired

application



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Importing a Profile

A profile sets Minitab’s defaults and preferences.



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Managing Profiles

Rules: At least one profile must be active Multiple profiles can be active The one on top has highest priority

Open “ASQ Green Belt.reg”. Brought in as “Default” Profile. Move to “Active”.



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Set the Default Initial Directory

This sets the folder Minitab

will use to look for files

first.Suggest

setting this to your Green

Belt Data files folder for training.



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You Can Always Get Back



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Assignment:

Create a Pareto and Scatter plot using the “Test Data” in

the spreadsheet ...

\DataFile\Excel-Minitab.xls



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Learning More About Minitab

In-class examples as each topic is discussed

Meet Minitab

Minitab tutorials

Actual project work

03 Introduction to Minitab

Documents

Transcript of 03 Introduction to Minitab