03 Central Processing Unit

8/6/2019 03 Central Processing Unit

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Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit

CPU or ProcessorCPU or Processor


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ComponentsComponents

Control UnitControl UnitArithmetic & Logic UnitArithmetic & Logic Unit


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Control UnitControl Unit

Reads & Interprets ProgramReads & Interprets Program

InstructionsInstructionsDirects the Operation of theDirects the Operation of the

ProcessorProcessorControls the flow of programs andControls the flow of programs and

data into and out of memorydata into and out of memory


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Arithmetic & Logic UnitArithmetic & Logic Unit

Arithmetic:Arithmetic:

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,DivisionDivision

Logic:Logic:ComparisonsComparisons


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Machine CycleMachine Cycle

FetchFetch

DecodeDecodeExecuteExecute

StoreStore


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FetchFetch

Calls an instruction into memoryCalls an instruction into memory


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DecodeDecode

Figures out what the instruction isFigures out what the instruction istrying to dotrying to do


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ExecuteExecute

Does the decoded instructionDoes the decoded instructionAdd 2+2Add 2+2


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StoreStore

Puts the answer 4 into memory forPuts the answer 4 into memory foruse by another instructionuse by another instruction


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Clock CycleClock Cycle

A Crystal Oscillator on theA Crystal Oscillator on theMotherboardMotherboard

It paces the machine cycleIt paces the machine cycle


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Clock CycleClock Cycle

Measured in MHz or GHzMeasured in MHz or GHzMegahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/secMegahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec

Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000

cycles/seccycles/sec


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Clock CycleClock CycleOne clock cycle is calculated byOne clock cycle is calculated bydividing 1 by the MHz or GHzdividing 1 by the MHz or GHz

Example: (800 MHz CPU)Example: (800 MHz CPU)

1/800,000,000 =1/800,000,000 =

0.00000000125 or0.00000000125 or

1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth)1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth)

(1.25 billionths of a second)(1.25 billionths of a second)


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Clock CycleClock CycleThe shorter the clock cycle theThe shorter the clock cycle the

faster the processorfaster the processor


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PipeliningPipeliningExecuting multiple instructions atExecuting multiple instructions at

the same timethe same time

FETCHFETCH DECODEDECODE EXECUTEEXECUTE STORESTORE

Instruction 1Instruction 1





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Parallel ProcessingParallel ProcessingMultiple processors work togetherMultiple processors work together

to complete a set of instructionsto complete a set of instructions

Control

CPU

CPU 01

CPU 02

Answer


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DualDual--CoreCoreAA dualdual--corecore CPU combines twoCPU combines two

independent processors and theirindependent processors and theirrespective caches and cacherespective caches and cache

controllers onto a single silicon chipcontrollers onto a single silicon chip


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DualDual--CoreCore


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DualDual--Core AdvantagesCore AdvantagesLess PowerLess Power

Less SpaceLess SpaceBetter PerformanceBetter Performance


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DualDual--Core DisadvantagesCore DisadvantagesRequire Different OSRequire Different OS

Scalability more limitedScalability more limitedLower production yieldsLower production yields


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INTELINTEL

AMDAMD

TRANSMETATRANSMETA

MOTOROLAMOTOROLA


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INTELINTEL


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AMDAMD


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TRANSMETATRANSMETA


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MOTOROLA & IBMMOTOROLA & IBM


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QuestionsQuestions


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Assignment 01Assignment 01

Explain the difference between theExplain the difference between the

Intel DualIntel Dual--Core and AMD DualCore and AMD Dual--CoreCoreCPUS. What makes them different.CPUS. What makes them different.

DoubleDouble--Spaced, 12pt Font, w/ReferencesSpaced, 12pt Font, w/References

Due: Wed Sept 7Due: Wed Sept 7thth

03 Central Processing Unit

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