03-airway
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AGD 1181
Airway
BreathingAnatomiFisiologi
Klinis :Airway
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AGD 1182
Anatomi
NerviIntercostales
N.phrenicus
Larinks
Trakea
Diafragma
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AGD 1183
Pernafasan
Reguler * otot interkostal * diafragma
Auksiler * otot tambahan(tambahan)
{
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AGD 1184
Pernafasan reguler
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AGD 1185
Pernafasan tambahan
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AGD 1186
Inspirasi Ekspirasi
Dada mengembang – Abd. keluar Dada mengempis – Abd. masuk
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AGD 1187
Mengapa kalau dada mengembang,paru ikut mengembang ?
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AGD 1188
Perkembangan terjadinya pleura :
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AGD 1189
Pleura Parietalis(melekat pada dd.dada)
Pleura viseralis(melekat pada paru)
Kavum pleura(tekanan negatif)
Sinus kosto-frenikus
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AGD 11810
Kontrol Pernafasan : jalur eferent (“turun”)
1. M.Interkostalis : Th 1 - Th 12
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AGD 11811
Kontrol Pernafasan : jalur eferent (“turun”)
2. Diafragma : C 3-4-5
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AGD 11812
Kontrol Pernafasan : jalur aferent (“naik”)
Chemo-receptor ;aorta dan a.karotis
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AGD 11813
Lengkung reflekspernafasan
Chemoreceptor
Pusat Pernafasan (MO)
Otot Pernafasan
Ventilasi
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AGD 11814
Pernafasan Reguler
Inspirasi : kontraksi otot 1. Otot Diafragma C 3-4-5 2. Otot Interkostal Th 1-12
Ekspirasi : pasif (relaksasi otot)
1 2
I E Dewasa : Abdomino-torakal
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AGD 11815
AIRWAY
Obstruksi : - Total = Akut = Perlahan
- Parsial
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AGD 11816
Setiap usaha memperbaiki Airway akanmenggerakkan kepala
Bila trauma : imobilisasi leher
• multitrauma• trauma kapitis + penurunan
kesadaran• luka kranial dari klavikula
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AGD 11817
AIRWAY : Gejala Obstruksi
1. Sesak ! ! Dapat karena - Airway - Breathing
2. Pernafasan yang berbunyi pernafasan yang tersumbat
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AGD 11818
AIRWAY : Gejala obstruksi
1. Sesak
• Mengeluh sesak (os sadar)• Takipnea • Retraksi
* suprasternal* infrasternal* antar-iga
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AGD 11819
AIRWAY : Gejala obstruksi
2. Pernafasan berbunyi :• Gurgling (bunyi kumur-kumur) Cairan
• Snoring (mengorok)Lidah
• Stridor Sumbatan“anatomis”
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AGD 11820
AIRWAY: Penanganan obstruksi
Cairan (gurgling) :• Suction• Bila banyak -> miringkan kepala
(trauma : “log roll”)• Bila tidak teratasi : Airway definitif
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AGD 11821
AIRWAY: Penanganan obstruksi
Lidah (snoring) :• Manual : - Head tilt-chin lift
trauma : head tilt (-)- Jaw thrust
• Jalan nafas sementara :
- oro/nasofaringeal
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AGD 11822
AIRWAY: Penanganan obstruksi
Sumbatan anatomis (stridor) :• Trauma : - Edema laring pada
luka bakar- fraktur laring
• Non Trauma : - benda asing- difteri
Biasanya perlu jalan nafas definitif
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AGD 11823
Airway definitif
Airway definitif : pipa (tube) dalam trakea (dengan “cuff”)
Indikasi : 1. Proteksi Airway (“A”) = Ancaman obstruksi = Ancaman aspirasi
2. Perlu ventilasi (“B”)
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AGD 11824
Airway definitif
Nasotrakeal
Orotrakeal
Kriko \Trakeostomi
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AGD 11825
Airway definitif
Blind Naso-tracheal :
- Sambil mendengar pernafasan- Dorong saat inspirasi- Bila suara hilang : masuk esofagus- Hati-hati bila fraktur basis kranii
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AGD 11826
BlindNaso-Tracheal
dengarkannafas
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AGD 11827
Airway definitif Oro-tracheal : - Dapat tanpa / dengan pelemas otot - Selalu persiapan yang baik = lampu = cuff - Selalu bersiap untuk kriko- tirotomi
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AGD 11828
Intubasioro-trakeal
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AGD 11829
Intubasi oro-trakeal
Hiper-ekstensi Jangan pada trauma !
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AGD 11830
Intubasi oro-trakeal
Sellick
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AGD 11831
Airway definitif
Kriko-tirotomi :1. Dengan jarum2. Surgikal oleh dokter
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AGD 11832
Kriko-tiroidotomi
Kartilago tiroidMembrana
Kartilago krikoidTrakea
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AGD 11833
Airway definitif
Krikotirotomi - jarum : - Ditusukkan lewat membrana kriko-tiroidea - Sambung dengan oksigen, 1 detik tutup, 4 detik buka - Waktu ekstra 30-45 menit
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AGD 11834
Krikotiroidotomi jarum
Paling kecil 14 G
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AGD 11835
Kriko-tiroidotomisurgikal
6
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AGD 11836
Airway sulit :
Penderita tidak sadar& gelisah ataugigi terkatup : ALTERNATIP := Berikan sedativa lalu intubasi lagi = Coba naso-trakeal (kontra indikasi ?)= Oro-trakeal memakai pelemas otot= Kriko-tirotomi dengan jarum sambil menunggu dokter untuk melakukan krikotirotomi surgikal
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AGD 11837
Airway sulit :
Darah banyak dalam mulut (sering karena trauma maksilo-fasial) :
- Suction, bila tidak berhasil :- Langsung krikotirotomi
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AGD 11838
Breathing
Dengan : Oksigenasi dan Ventilasi
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AGD 11839
Breathing
Gejala gangguan breathing :1. Frekuensi pernafasan 2. Dispnea-sianosis3. Pemeriksaan fisik : Look - listen - feel4. Saturasi O2 dan kapnograf (bila ada)
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AGD 11840
Breathing : cari penyebab
Cedera toraks yang dengan cepat dapat mengakibatkan kematian :
OpenPneumotoraks
TensionPneumotoraks
Flail ChestdenganKontusio Paru
MassiveHematotoraks
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AGD 11841
Breathing
Oksigen :
Selalu berikan bila KU kurang baik
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AGD 11842
Breathing
Ventilasi tambahan :
- (Mouth to Mouth)- Mouth to mask- Bagging- Ventilator
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AGD 11843
BreathingBila Sat O2 < 95 % :-- Airway baik ?-- Ada sebab ? atasi-- (O2 face mask 11 LPM)-- O2 non-rebreathing mask 11 LPM-- assissted ventilation (sering perlu airway definitif)-- bila ada sebab gangguan breathing : atasi (lihat Thorax.ppt)
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AGD 11844
Terima Kasih