03 - Advanced ABAP Programming

7/24/2019 03 - Advanced ABAP Programming

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Advanced Techniques in ABAP Programming



Course Objectives

In this Course, the participant will learn:

• ABAP Workbench Environment and Tools

• An Introduction to ABAP Programming

• Advanced techniques in ABAP Programming

• BDCs and Interfacing in the SAP Environment

• Enhancements & Modifications to SAP R/3

• Designing and Using SAP Forms (SAP Script)

• Dialog Programming

Advanced Techniques in ABAP Programming



Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:

• To Define and Call Subroutines

• To Maintain and Call Function Modules

• Selection Criteria for ABAP Report Programs

• Advanced Reporting using ABAP

• ALV Reporting

• Logical Databases and usage

• Background Processing of Programs



Topic Objectives






• ALV Reporting



To Define and Call Subroutines



In this section, we will…

• Describe Subroutines

• Define and Call Subroutines

• Explain how subroutines are used

• Define Parameters

• Define Global and Local Data

• Define Local Field Values



Subroutines: What and Why?

PROGRAM RSDEM001. PROGRAM RSDEM004.

Calculate tax

Calculate tax

Call calculate_tax

Call calculate_tax

Subroutine

Calculate_tax



Defining and Calling Subroutines

Syntax:• Defining a Subroutine:

FORM <form_name> [tables <tab1> <tab2>…][using <var1> <var2> value(<var3>)…]

[changing <cvar1>…].ENDFORM.

• Calling a Subroutine:

PERFORM <form_name> [tables <tab1> <tab2>…][using <var1> value(<var3>)…][changing <cvar1>…].

Example:

PERFORM CALCULATE_TAX USING FL1.

FORM CALCULATE_TAX USING F1.

CLEAR ITAB.

MOVE: F1 TO ITAB-FL1.

APPEND ITAB.

ENDFORM .



Using Parameters to Pass Data

USINGPass By Reference

Pass By Value

TABLES Pass By Reference

CHANGING Pass By Value & Result



Parameters Example

Actual Parameters

PERFORM CALCULATE_TAX USING FL1 FL2.

FORM CALCULATE_TAX USING F1 F2.

CLEAR ITAB.

MOVE F1 TO ITAB-FL1.

APPEND ITAB.ENDFORM . Formal Parameters

In this example, parameters are passed byreference. This is the most common, and most

cost effective, method of parameter passing.



Passing Parameters

PROGRAM <name> .

TABLES: ....

DATA: ....

...PERFORM <name> USING

<a1> <a2>

<a3> <a4>.

..

.FORM <name> USING

VALUE(<f1>)

VALUE(<f2>)

<f3>

<f4>.

ENDFORM.

<statements>

X

YX

Y

f1 f2

a1 a2 a3 a4

Pass by value

2 Pass by reference

1 21

1

2

Internal Tables as Passed



Internal Tables as Passed

Parameters

REPORT B170D094

DATA: BEGIN OF TAB,

F1 LIKE TABNA-COUNTRY,

F2 LIKE TABNA-NAME1,END OF TAB.

DATA: X.

PERFORM SUB1 TABLES TAB

USING X.

FORM SUB1 TABLES T USING Z.

LOOP AT T.

WRITE: / T.

ENDLOOP.

MOVE . . . TO T.

APPEND T.

ENDFORM.



Global and Local Data

REPORT B170D091

TABLES: . . .

DATA: . . .

Global Data

X1 Y1

Call Subroutine

Subroutines

Passed Parameters X Y

DATA: … local data

statements

Passes Parameters

Data: … local data X1

statements

X1 Y1

Persistent Local Variables:



Persistent Local Variables:

STATICS

REPORT B170D092.

DATA: RESULT TYPE I.

PERFORM RANDOM_NUMBER CHANGING RESULT.

FORM RANDOM_NUMBER CHANGING P_RESULT TYPE I.

STATICS: L_STATE TYPE I.

L_STATE = ( L_STATE * 113 + 34 ) MOD 256.

P_RESULT = L_STATE.

ENDFORM.



Topic Objectives






• ALV Reporting



To Maintain and Call Function Modules




• Define Function Modules

• Define Function Groups

• Describe Interfaces• Explain Exception Processing

• Define Global Data / Local Memory• Explain Remote Function Call (RFC)

• Search the Function Library



Introduction to Function Modules

Clear import andClear import and

export parametersexport parameters

SearchSearchCreateCreate

ChangeChangeDocumentDocument

ExceptionExceptionhandlinghandling

High ReusabilityHigh Reusabili tySTRING_CONCENATE/ READ_CALENDAR/CURRENCY_CONVERSION/ ACCOUNT_CHECK/ ...

TestTestEnvironmentEnvironment

Application Application

Remote Function CallRemote Function Call



Function Groups

Tools

ABAP Workbench

Function Builder

Development



Calling a Function Module

Function Module

Maintenance

FM_02

Interface

Import

ExportTables

Exceptions

Program

Documentation Administration

How to call a

Function Module

CALL FUNCTION

'FM_02'

EXPORTING ...

IMPORTING ...TABLES ...

(EXCEPTIONS ...)



Interfaces

IMPORT

EXPORT

TABLES



Exception Processing

Table Parameters/Exceptions STRING_SPLIT

Exceptions

FUNCTION STRING_SPLIT.

...IF ...

RAISE NO_DATA.

ENDIF

NO_DATA DATA_NOT_VALID

STRING_TOO_LONG

...

CALL FUNCTION ‘STRING_SPLIT’

EXPORTING DELIMITER = ‘-’

STRING = TEXT

IMPORTING HEAD = HEAD

TAIL = TAILEXCEPTIONS NO_DATA = 01

STRING_TOO_LONG = 02

OTHERS = 03.

CASE SY-SUBRC.

WHEN 1. .... . WHEN 2. .... .

WHEN 3. .... .

ENDCASE.



An Example of a Function Module

Import

Parameters

Export

Parameters



Global Data / Local Memory

Global Data

FUNCTION-POOL <gr >.

DATA: X.

TABLES: ... .

L<gr > TOP

FORM SUB1 USING ... .

DATA:... .

MOVE ... TO X.

ENDFORM.

L<gr > F01FUNCTION ... .

DATA:... .

MOVE X TO ... .

ENDFUNCTION.

SubroutinesFunction module

L<gr > U01



Remote Function Call

System

R/3System

R/3System

RFCRFCRFC

RFC

RFC with

C-interface

Mainframe

R/3Presentation

server

AP

DB DB

AP

R/2System



Searching the Function Builder

Tools

ABAP Workbench

Development

Function Builder

Function module

Short description

Function group

Development class

ABAP Repository Information System

Standard selections



Creating a Function Module

Import/Export ParametersImport/Export Parameters

Create

Table Parameters/Exceptions

Documentation

Source code

Administration

Function module

ABAP Function Builder: Initial Screen

Z_FUNC_DEMO1

Tools

ABAP Workbench

Function Builder

Development

SE37



Creating a Function Module – Step 1 of 7

Initial Parameters




General Attributes




Import and Changing Interface Parameters




Export Interface Parameters




Tables Interface Parameters




Exceptions




Source Code and Activation

Example of Calling a FunctionM d l i P



Module in a Program

Function ‘ZCONVERT_TEMPERATURE

* Local interface:

* IMPORTING VALUE (TEMP_UNIT) TYPE C

* VALUE (DEGREES) TYPE P

* EXPORTING REFERENCE (CONV_DEGREES) TYPE P

IF TEMP_UNIT = ‘F’.CONV_DEGREES = ( DEGREES - 32 ) * 5 / 9.

ELSE.

CONV_DEGREES = DEGREES * 9 / 5 + 32.

ENDIF.ENDFUNCTION.

This function can be called as follows:

DATA DEG TYPE P.CALL FUNCTION ‘ZCONVERT_TEMPERATURE’

EXPORTING TEMP_UNIT = ‘F’

DEGREES = 100

IMPORTING CONV_DEGREES = DEG.

T i Obj ti



Topic Objectives






• ALV Reporting



Selection Criteria for ABAP Report Programs

In this section we will




• Describe Selection Screens

• Define Parameters

• Define Select Options• Customize the selection screen

• Describe Selecting from Tables using LogicalDatabases

• Define the Check and Reject Statement

Selection Screen



Selection Screen

REPORT <name> .

TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT.PARAMETERS: FLTYPE

GET SPFLI.

CHECK CARRID.

SPFLI Carrier ID to

Flight Selection

Flight Type

Search str ing

General selections

Client ID to

Date of f lights to

Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS



Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS

Syntax:PARAMETERS <name>[(<length>)] [TYPE <data type>]

[DEFAULT<default>] [ AS CHECKBOX].

REPORT ZTESTRPT1.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

PARAMETERS: p_CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,

p_CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID,

p_FLDATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE

DEFAULT SY-DATUM,

p_RESV_FLG AS CHECKBOX.

SELECT *

FROM SFLIGHT

WHERE CARRID = p_CARRID

AND CONNID = p_CONNID

AND FLDATE = p_FLDATE

ENDSELECT.

Example:

The SELECT OPTIONS Statement



The SELECT-OPTIONS Statement

Syntax: SELECT-OPTIONS <selection name> FOR <field>.

REPORT <name>.

TABLES: SPFLI, LFA1.

SELECT-OPTIONS:

CONNECTID FOR SPFLI-CONNID

DEFAULT '1984' TO ' 3517 '.

Internal

table

POSTCODE

SIGN OPTION LOW HIGH

I BT 1984 3517

Program selections

CONNECT ID 1984 3517

Value Sets



Value Sets

from to Incl. Excl.

Connection id

0010 0400

1900 3600

3799Connection id

SIGN OPTION LOW HIGH

ABAP ABAP

Selection Texts



Selection Texts

REPORT <name> .

TABLES: SPFLI, AIRPROM.

SELECT-OPTIONS:

FLTIME FOR SPFLI-FLTIME

DEFAULT '06:01:00' TO 10:00:00',

AIRPFROM FOR SPFLI- AIRPFROM...

.

..

Flight Time 06:01 10:00

Airport From

Text elements/selection texts<field name> <text>

FLTIME Flight time

AIRPFROM Airport from

Text Elements

Customizing the Selection Screen



Customizing the Selection Screen

Syntax:• Selection Screen Block

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.…SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

• Selection Screen Formatting Statements

SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP <n>.

SELECTION-SCREEN POSITION <pos>.

SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE.

SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT <g> TEXT-<xxx>.

Customizing the Selection Screen:Example



Example

REPORT <name>.

TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.

SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 10 TEXT-001.SELECTION-SCREEN POSITION 50.

PARAMETERS: CARRID LIKE SPFLI-CARRID

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE /10(50).

.

.

Text-001

Please enter carr ier ID

Text-001

Please enter carr ier ID

Please enter carrier ID

col.50col.50col.10col.10

CALL SELECTION-SCREEN



CALL SELECTION SCREEN

• Additional selection screen during processing.

• Selection screen within another selection screen

• Submit a report using selection screen.

FEATURES

APPLICATIONSReduces number of fields on the standard selection screen.

Starting reports with different selection screens.

Pop-up window.Initial screen of a regular screen painter transaction.

CALL SELECTION-SCREENExample



Example

Repor t …. . .SELECTI ON- SCREEN: BEGI N OF BLOCK b1 WI TH FRAME TI TLE <var 1>.

SELECT- OPTI ONS: car r i er f or sf l i ght - car r i d.

SELECTI ON- SCREEN: END OF BLOCK b1.

SELECTI ON- SCREEN: BEGI N OF SCREEN 2000 AS WI NDOW,I NCLUDE BLOCKS b1,

BEGI N OF BLOCK b2 WI TH FRAME TI TLE a1.

SELECT- OPTI ONS: scust FOR sbook- cust omi d.SELECTI ON- SCREEN: END OF BLOCK b2,

END OF SCREEN 2000.. . .AT LI NE- SELECTI ON.

CALL SELECTI ON- SCREEN 2000 STARTI NG AT 5 5,

Repor t …. . .SELECTI ON- SCREEN: BEGI N OF BLOCK b1 WI TH FRAME TI TLE <var 1>.

SELECT- OPTI ONS: car r i er f or sf l i ght - car r i d.

SELECTI ON- SCREEN: END OF BLOCK b1.

SELECTI ON- SCREEN: BEGI N OF SCREEN 2000 AS WI NDOW,I NCLUDE BLOCKS b1,

BEGI N OF BLOCK b2 WI TH FRAME TI TLE a1.

SELECT- OPTI ONS: scust FOR sbook- cust omi d.SELECTI ON- SCREEN: END OF BLOCK b2,END OF SCREEN 2000.

. . .AT LI NE- SELECTI ON.

CALL SELECTI ON- SCREEN 2000 STARTI NG AT 5 5,

The CHECK Statement



The CHECK Statement

.

.

.

Carrier id 7100 7500

Price

Work area SPFLI

D 71000

Internal Table CARRIERID

LAND1 PSTLZ ORT01

CHECK <selection name>.

CHECK <logical expression>.

REPORT <name> .

TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS:

CARRIERID FOR SPFLI-CARRID

PARAMETERS: PRICE LIKE SFLIGHT-

PRICE.

GET SPFLI.

CHECK SPFLI-CARRIER NE 'BA'.

GET SFLIGHT.CHECK: CARRIERID...

GET SBOOK .

I BT 7100 7500

SPFLI

The REJECT Statement



REJECT <name>.

REPORT ZZ70D132.TABLES: SPFLI, SBOOK.

.

.

.GET SBOOK.

IF ... .

REJECT ’SPFLI'.

ENDIF....

SPFLI SPFLI

SFLIGHT

SBOOK

SFLIGHT

G o e s b a

c k

t o S P F L

I

Topic Objectives



p j






• ALV Reporting



Advanced Reporting Using ABAP




,

• Explain variations of the WRITE statement

• Explain printing Icons, Lines and Symbols

• Explain other formatting options

• Describe the different events in ABAP Reports

• GUI Status and Title for reports

• Interactive (Drilldown) Reporting and its

advantages

• Define Open SQL Statements

• Explain File Handling in ABAP

WRITE Statement



• Symbols are two-color pictures like Square,Circle, Folder, Document etc…

• Most symbols take one character space in theoutput list

• Include the following statement at the top of the

program:INCLUDE <symbol>.

WRITE Statement – Printing Icons & Lines



• Icons are similar to Symbols, but they are multi-colored

• Most icons occupy two character spaces in theoutput list

• Include the following statement in the program:

INCLUDE <icon>.

• Horizontal and Vertical Lines can also be printed

• Include the following statement for printing lines:INCLUDE <list>.

WRITE Statement – Printing Icons & Lines



• Icons are similar to Symbols, but they are multi-colored

• Most icons occupy two character spaces in theoutput list

• Include the following statement in the program:

INCLUDE <icon>.

• Horizontal and Vertical Lines can also be printed

• Include the following statement for printing lines:INCLUDE <list>.

Formatting Options – Using Colors



• Format Statement – Syntax:

FORMAT <option1> [ON|OFF] <option2> [ON|OFF]….

• Colors can be printed in List using: – FORMAT COLOR <color_code> [ON|OFF]

[INTENSIFIED [ON|OFF] ] [INVERSE [ON|OFF] ].

– WRITE <field> COLOR <color_code> [ON|OFF].

• Generally, Background colors are changed byColor Codes, but foreground can be changed bysetting parameter INVERSE ON.

Other Formatting Options



• Uline

• New-line

• New-page

• Skip

• Back

• Position

• Set blank lines

Events in ABAP Runtime Environment



Events in ABAP Report Programming



List Processor Events

• AT LINE SELECTION• AT PFn (obsolete)

• AT USER-COMMAND

•TOP-OF-PAGE

• END-OF-PAGE

Secondary List events

Basic List events

Report Processor Events

• INITIALIZATION• AT SELECTION SCREEN

• START-OF-SELECTION

• GET• END-OF-SELECTION

Interactive Reporting - Overview



Secondary lists Windows

Calling atransaction

Calling a report

Interactive Reporting

Events in Interactive Reporting



Report RSDEMO00*Basic list

START-OF-SELECTION.

END-OF-SELECTION

GET…

TOP-OF-PAGE/END-OF-PAGE

*Interactive Reporting

AT PFnn.

AT LINE –SELECTION.

AT USER-COMMAND.

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION

Page Headings



Basic list

Secondary l ist

Text elements

Report RSBBB06C

.

.

.

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.

TOP-OF-PAGE

Choose

Secondary Lists and the System Field SY-LSIND



SY-LSIND:0

SY-LSIND:1

SY-LSIND:2

Choose

Choose

Choose

Basic list

1.Secondary list

2.Secondary list 3.Secondarylist

REPORT RSBBB06A

GET SFLIGHT

.

.

.

AT LINE-SELECTION.

CASE SY-LSIND.

WHEN ‘1’

.

.

.

WHEN ‘2’.

.

.

.

WHEN ‘3’.

SY-LSIND =

SY-LSIND = 1.

.

.

Line Selection I: System Field SY-LISEL



Carrid Connid Flight date

AA 0169 12121994

AA 0192 26081994

LH 0108 25011995

Choose

LH 0108 25011995

SY-LISEL

AT LINE-SELECTION.

MOVE: SY-LISEL(3) TO SFLIGHT-CARRID,

SY-LISEL+6(4) TO SFLIGHT-CONNID,

SY-LISEL+14(8) TO SFLIGHT-FLDATE.

SELECT * FROM SBOOK

WHERE CARRID = SFLIGHT-CARRID

AND CONNID = SFLIGHT-CONNID

AND FLDATE = SFLIGHT-FLDATE.

WRITE : SBOOK-PRICE,……….

Line Selection II




AA 0169 12121994

LH 0454 17111994

Choose

HIDE <Field>.

HIDE area

“ SFLIGHT-CARRID” AA

“ SFLIGHT-CONNID” 0169“ SFLIGHT-FLDATE 12121994

“ SFLIGHT-CARRID” LH

“ SFLIGHT-CONNID” 0454

“ SFLIGHT-FLDATE” 17111994

REPORT RSBBB06C

.

.

GET SFLIGHT.

WRITE : SFLIGHT-CARRID, 18 SFLIGHT-CONNID,….

HIDE: SFLIGHT-CARRID,SFLIGHT-CONNID,SFLIGHT-FLDATE.

Line Selection III




AA 0169 12121994

LH 0454 17111995

Choose

HIDE <Field>.

HIDE area

“SFLIGHT-CARRID” AA

“SFLIGHT-CONNID” 0169

“SFLIGHT-FLDATE 12121994

“SFLIGHT-CARRID” LH

“SFLIGHT-CONNID” 0454

“SFLIGHT-FLDATE” 17111994

REPORT RSBBB06C

AT LINE-SELECTION.

SELECT * FROM SBOOK WHERE…..

WRITE : SBOOK-CARRID ,SBOOK-CONNID,…..

?

SFLIGHT-PRICE

LH 0454 17111994

SY-LISEL

LH 0454 17111994

SFLIGHT

-CARRID

SFLIGHT-CONNID SFLIGHT-

FLDATE

Valid Line Selection



Header

Footer

Hide area

“SFLIGHT-CARRID” AA

“SFLIGHT-CARRID” LH

REPORT RSBBB06D.

GET SFLIGHT.

WRITE: SFLIGHT-CARRID,HIDE: SFLIGHT-CARRID,…..

.

.

.

END-OF-SELECTION.

CLEAR SFLIGHT-CARRID.

AT LINE-SELECTION.

CHECK NOT SFLIGHT-CARRID IS INITIAL.

.

.

.

CLEAR SFLIGHT-CARRID.

System Fields



SY-CUROW

SY-CUCOL

SY-CPAGE

SY-STARO

SY-STACO

SY-LSIND=0

SY-LSIND =1

SY-LSIND =2

GUI Status and Title bar for reports



• Use the “SET PF-STATUS” statement to choose aGUI Status dynamically for a report

– Syntax: SET PF-STATUS <pfstat>.

• The button the user presses is trapped in the

system variable SY-UCOMM and handled in theevent AT USER-COMMAND

• Use “SET TITLEBAR” statement to set a programwindow title text dynamically

– Syntax: SET TITLEBAR <title>.

Open SQL



Open SQL – SELECT Statement



• Syntax:SELECT [SINGLE] [DISTINCT] <result>

INTO <target> FROM <source>

[WHERE <condition>] [GROUP BY <fields>][HAVING <cond>] [ORDER BY <fields>].

• INTO clause:

... INTO [CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF] <wa>

| INTO|APPENDING [CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF] TABLE <itab>

| INTO (<f 1>, <f 2>,...)

• FROM clause:... FROM [<tab> [INNER]|LEFT [OUTER] JOIN] <dbtab> [AS <alias>]

[ON <cond>][CLIENT SPECIFIED][BYPASSING BUFFER]

[UP TO <n> ROWS]

Open SQL – Joins in SELECT



• Inner Joins – Allow access to multiple tables with a single

SELECT statement

– Creates a temporary table based on condition inthe ON clause

– Multiple tables joined based on key fields specified

• Left Outer Joins – Allow access to multiple tables

– Creates a temporary table

– BUT, field values in driving (left-hand) table thatDO NOT correspond to values in the right-handtable are added to the temporary result table

Open SQL – INSERT Statement



• Inserts a row or several rows into a databasetable

• Syntax:

INSERT <dbtab> FROM <wa>.

INSERT <dbtab> FROM TABLE <itab> [ACCEPTING DUPLICATE

KEYS].

• Possible to insert one or more rows from aninternal table

• Duplicate entries could be discarded by using theclause ‘ACCEPTING DUPLICATE KEYS’

Open SQL – UPDATE Statement



• Updates a row or several rows in a databasetable

• Syntax:

UPDATE <dbtab> SET <si> = <f >

[WHERE <cond>].

UPDATE <dbtab> FROM <wa>.

UPDATE <dbtab> FROM TABLE <itab>.

Open SQL – DELETE Statement



• Deletes one or more rows in a database table• Syntax:

DELETE FROM <dbtab> WHERE <cond>.

DELETE <dbtab> FROM <wa>.

DELETE <dbtab> FROM TABLE <itab>.

File Handling – OPEN DATASET



• Opens a file for reading, writing or for appending• Syntax:

OPEN DATASET <dsn> [FOR INPUT|OUTPUT|APPENDING]

[IN BINARY|TEXT MODE]

[AT POSITION <pos>]

[MESSAGE <mess>]

[FILTER <filt

>].• <dsn> can be a logical or physical file names

File Handling – READ DATASET



• Reads a file• Syntax:

READ DATASET <dsn> INTO <f > [LENGTH <len>].

• <dsn> can be a logical or physical file names

• Logical file names can be created in customizing

File Handling – TRANSFER DATASET



• Syntax:

– Writing to a datasetTRANSFER <f > TO <dsn> [LENGTH <len>].

– Closing a datasetCLOSE DATASET <dsn>.

Topic Objectives








• ALV Reporting



ALV Reporting




• Explain the concept of ALV Reports• The Data Declaration for ALV Reports

• Database Selection, Event Handling and FormHandling in ALV reports

• Different Function Modules for displaying ALV

reports

The Concept of ALV Reports



The Data Declaration



Type Pool SLIS for ALV ReportingType Pool SLIS for ALV Reporting

ALV Tables to passevents and triggers to ALV Function Modules

ALV Tables to passevents and triggers to ALV Function Modules

Saving the VARIANT



Database selection, Events and Forms



Calling FunctionREUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY



Dynamic calling of form top_of_page



Call FunctionREUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE



Topic Objectives







• Interactive Reporting using ABAP

• ALV Reporting



Logical Databases and usage




• Explain Logical Databases• Describe Report Driven Reading of VendorMaster Data

• Describe Reading Data• Compare Logical Databases v. Select

• Define the structure of a Logical Database• Explain Event Keywords

• Describe the interaction of Logical Databases

and Reports

What are Logical Databases?

D b i hi d b b l i ll d i hi i i



• Database within a database, but logically stored within existing(physical) tables.

Physical Database

LogicalDatabase

LogicalDatabase

LogicalDatabase

Structure of a Logical Database

L i l D t b Di l St t f KDF



Vendor master data

Documents

LFB5 LFC1 LFC3

LFAS LFB1LFBK

LFA1

BKPF

BSIK

BSEG

GSEG

LFAS

LFBK

LFB5

LFC1

LFC3

BSIK

LFB1

LFA1

BKPF

BSEG

GSEG

Logical Databases: Display Structure of KDF

Reading Data



ABAP Dictionary

1 2

REPORT ... .

TABLES: SPFLI,SFLIGHT.

SELECT SPFLI.

SELECT SFLIGHT.

....

....ENDSELECT.

ENDSELECT.

Processing

Without Logical

Database

Processing

Processing

Logical Database

REPORT ... .TABLES:SPFLI,SFLIGHT.

GET SPFLI.

GET SFLIGHT.

Event Key Words: Overview

START OF SELECTION Introduces any init ial processing to be done



START-OF-SELECTION Introduces any init ial processing to be doneprior to next event keyword (usually GET).

END-OF-SELECTION Introduces any statements that are to beprocessed after all logical database records

have been read and processed.

GET <dbtab > Retrieves the table <dbtab> for processing via the logical database

program SAPD<db><a>.

GET <dbtab > LATE Introduces statements that are only processedonce subordinate tables have been read and

processed. These statements are processed

before the next loop is performed.

Interaction of Logical Databasesand Report

Read programRead program KDF



Read programRead program

REPORT RSDEMO00.

TABLES: LFA1,

LFBK,

LFB5 .

GET LFA1.

REPORT SAPDBKDF...

FORM PUT LFA1 .

SELECT * FROM LFA1... .

PUT LFA1 .

ENDSELECT .

ENDFORM .

FORM PUT_LFBK .

SELECT * FROM LFBK... .

PUT LFBK. GET LFBK.

ENDSELECT.ENDFORM.

FORM PUT_LFB1.

SELECT * FROM LFB1... .

PUT LFB1.

ENDSELECT.ENDFORM.

FORM PUT_LFB5.

SELECT * FROM LFB5... .

PUT LFB5. GET LFB5.

ENDSELECT.

ENDFORM.

KDF

LFB5 LFC1 LFC3 BSIK

LFB1LFBK

LFA1LogicalLogical

database KDFdatabase KDF

Overview: Events in the Context ofLogical Databases



START-OF-SELECTION

END-OF-SELECTION

LFA1

LFB1

LFC1 LFC1 LFC1 LFC1 LFC1

LFA1

LFB1

GET LFA1

GET LFB1

GET LFC1

GET LFB1 LATE

GET LFA1 LATE

1

2

3

4

5

1 1

2 2

3 3 3 3 3

4 4

5 5

Report-Driven Reading of VendorMaster Data

REPORT ZZ70D121



REPORT ZZ70D121.TABLES: LFA1, LFB1, LFC3.

SELECT * FROM LFA1

WHERE LIFNR ...

SELECT * FROM LFB1

WHERE LIFNR = LFA1-LIFNR.

SELECT * FROM LFC3

WHERE LIFNR = LFA1-LIFNR

AND BUKRS = LFB1-BUKRS.

ENDSELECT.

ENDSELECT.

ENDSELECT.

Processing LFA1

Processing LFB1

Processing LFC3

The STOP Statement

REPORT ZZ70D124



REPORT ZZ70D124.

TABLES: LFA1.

DATA: COUNTER TYPE I.

GET LFA1. WRITE: ‘GET LFA1’, 15 LFA1-LIFNR,

LFA1-NAME.

COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.

SKIP.IF COUNTER > 1.

STOP.

ENDIF.

END-OF-SELECTION. WRITE: / ‘END-OF-SELECTION’,

TEXT-001.

* TEXT-001: ‘That’s it buddy !’.

Logical Database vs. Select

GETTh f i l i SELECTF h l i l



GET• The functional connectionalready exists

• Beginners can find the

database they are aftereasier

• The logic is reusable

• Select-Options are flexible

• Authority check is madeautomatically

SELECT• Faster than logicaldatabases

• More powerful than logical

databases - – select into

– order by

• More flexible• More specific coding is

easier work for the database.

BUT:

Logical databases are slower

Changes to a logical database

affect all programs that use it

BUT: Authority check missing

Parameters for select-options have to be

coded

Classic Scenario verses FunctionModule LDB_PROCESS

Classic Scenario



Classic Scenario

LDB_PROCESS

Topic Objectives

In this Topic the participant will learn:



In this Topic, the participant will learn:• To Define and Call Subroutines

• To Maintain and Call Function Modules• Selection Criteria for ABAP Report Programs

• Advanced Reporting using ABAP• ALV Reporting

• Logical Databases and usage• Background Processing of ProgramsBackground Processing of Programs


• Describe the Process Flow of BackgroundJ b



• Describe the Process Flow of BackgroundJobs

• Define the Scheduling and Processing of

Background Jobs• Describe the Job Results for a Job Log and

Spool Requests

• Define the Authorization Objects

• Describe the Automatic Generation of Jobs

• Define the Function Modules forGenerating Jobs

Background Processing

Characteristics



Characteristics

Execution of ABAP programs without

dialog (no specific job-control language

for operating system required)

Execution of ABAP programs without

dialog (no specific job-control language

for operating system required)

Complete integration in the SAP SystemComplete integration in the SAP System

Parallel background and online operationParallel background and onl ine operation

Ease of useEase of use

Distributed processingDistributed processing

Process Flow Overview

PROCESS

PROCESS OVERVIEW

OVERVIEWSCHEDULE

SCHEDULE



Background

Workprocess

Background

Workprocess

ABAPPROGRAM.

VARIANT

Date & Time

JOBJob Log

Scheduling Background Jobs

Function " Job definition"

Function " Job definition"



StepsSteps

Job name ............

.

.

.

Print dataPrint data

Start dateStart date

PeriodPeriod

SaveSave

Processing Jobs – Job Status

Scheduled

Scheduled



CancelledCancelled

Active Active

FinishedFinished

ReleasedReleased

ReadyReady

Job Results – Job Log

Job Log

Job Log



Date Time Msg. ID Message

07.21.1998

07.21.1998

.

.

.

.

.

07.21.1998

14:00:20

14:00:21

.

.

.

.

.

14:00:56

00516

00550

.

.

.

.

.

00517

Job Started

step001 started

(program ZTEST, variant

ZVAR, . ..

.

.

.

Job Finished

Job Results – Spool Request

Job list

Job list



Job name

User name

Start date

Job name

User name

Start date WRITE...

JOBA

Smith

10/29/92

Spool

Passing Data To Memory

Step 1:

Job:



Global

ABAP

Memory

Global

ABAP

Memory

REPORT. . .DATA FLAG, F1, BEGI N OF TAB OCCURS.I F SY- BATCH NE SPACE

IMPORT FLAG TAB LFA1 F1FROM MEMORY.I F SY- SUBRC NE SPACEAND FLAG NE SPACE.

. . .

p

Step 2:

TABLES: LFA1.REPORT…DATA FLAG, F1, BEGI N OF TAB OCCURSI F. . .EXPORT FLAG TAB LFA1 F1 TO MEMORY.

ENDI F.FLAG

F1

TAB

Objects Fields Values Description

Objects Fields Values Description

S_BTCH_JOB Job activities DELE Delete job

S_BTCH_JOB Job activities DELE Delete job

Authorizations and BackgroundProcessing



PLAN Schedule job

LIST Display job list

PROT Display job log

RELE Release jobSHOW Display job

S_BTCH_NAM User name <User names> User names that can

be specified when

scheduling a job

S_PROGRAM Authorization <Auth. group> Programs that belong

group to the authorization

groups entered here canbe specified when

User action BTCSUBMIT scheduling a job.

PLAN Schedule job

LIST Display job list

PROT Display job log

RELE Release jobSHOW Display job

S_BTCH_NAM User name <User names> User names that can

be specified when

scheduling a job

S_PROGRAM Authorization <Auth. group> Programs that belong

group to the authorization

groups entered here canbe specified when

User action BTCSUBMIT scheduling a job.

S_BTCH_ADM <Usernames>Batch

Administrator ID

User names that can

be specified to

maintain batch jobs

Generating Jobs Automatically



Create jobCreate job

Insert job stepsInsert job steps

Complete jobComplete job

Function Modules for GeneratingJobs

JOB_OPEN

JOB_OPEN

Job name JOBNAME



Job number JOBCOUNT

JOB_SUBMITJOB_SUBMIT

Job name JOBNAME

Job number JOBCOUNT

Report name REPORT

Variant VARIANT

JOB_CLOSEJOB_CLOSE

Job name JOBNAME

Job number JOBCOUNT

Function Module ‘JOB_OPEN’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB OPEN’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB OPEN’



CALL FUNCTION JOB_OPENCALL FUNCTION JOB_OPEN

EXPORTING

DELANFREP = <delete internal report>JOBNAME = <job name>

IMPORTINGJOBCOUNT =<job number>

EXCEPTIONS

CANT_CREATE_JOB = 1INVALID_JOB_DATA = 2

JOBNAME_MISSING = 3...

EXPORTING

DELANFREP = <delete internal report>JOBNAME = <job name>

IMPORTINGJOBCOUNT =<job number>

EXCEPTIONS

CANT_CREATE_JOB = 1INVALID_JOB_DATA = 2

JOBNAME_MISSING = 3...

Function Module ‘JOB_SUBMIT’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB SUBMIT’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB SUBMIT’



CALL FUNCTION JOB_SUBMITCALL FUNCTION JOB_SUBMIT

EXPORTING

AUTHCKNAM = <user>JOBCOUNT = <job number>

JOBNAME = <job name>

REPORT = <report name>

VARIANT = <report variant>

EXCEPTIONS..

.

EXPORTING

AUTHCKNAM = <user>JOBCOUNT = <job number>

JOBNAME = <job name>

REPORT = <report name>

VARIANT = <report variant>

EXCEPTIONS...

Function Module ‘JOB_CLOSE’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB CLOSE’

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB CLOSE’



CALL FUNCTION JOB_CLOSECALL FUNCTION JOB_CLOSE

EXPORTING

JOBCOUNT = <job number>JOBNAME = <job name>

SDLSTRTDT = <start date>

SDLSTRTTM = <start time>

STRTIMMED = <immediate start>

..

.

IMPORTING

JOB_WAS_RELEASED = <job released indicator>

EXCEPTIONS...

EXPORTING

JOBCOUNT = <job number>JOBNAME = <job name>

SDLSTRTDT = <start date>

SDLSTRTTM = <start time>

STRTIMMED = <immediate start>

..

.

IMPORTING

JOB_WAS_RELEASED = <job released indicator>

EXCEPTIONS...

Example: Program to Generate aJob

REPORT B180D025.

DATA: JOBCOUNT LIKE TBTCO-JOBCOUNT.

PARAMETERS: JOBNAME LIKE TBTCO-JOBNAME



PARAMETERS: JOBNAME LIKE TBTCO JOBNAME,REPORT LIKE SY-REPID, VARIANT LIKE RALDB-VARIANT,BTCHUSER LIKE SY-UNAME.

START-OF-SELECTION.

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB_OPEN’EXPORTING JOBNAME = JOBNAMEIMPORTING JOBCOUNT = JOBCOUNT.

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB_SUBMIT’EXPORTING AUTHCKNAM = BTCHUSER

JOBCOUNT = JOBCOUNTJOBNAME = JOBNAMEREPORT = REPORT

VARIANT = VARIANT. WRITE: / JOBNAME, JOBCOUNT,

REPORT, VARIANT, BTCHUSER.

CALL FUNCTION ’JOB_CLOSE’EXPORTING JOBCOUNT = JOBCOUNT

JOBNAME = JOBNAME.

Other Function Modules forGenerating a Job

BP JOBLOG READ

BP JOBLOG READBP JOBLOG SHOW

BP JOBLOG SHOW



BP_JOBLOG_READBP_JOBLOG_READBP_JOBLOG_SHOWBP_JOBLOG_SHOW

Display job logDisplay job log Read job logRead job log

BP_JOB_COPYBP_JOB_COPY

Copy jobCopy job

BP_JOB_DELETEBP_JOB_DELETE

Delete jobDelete job

BP_CHECK_EVENTIDBP_CHECK_EVENTIDBP_EVENT_RAISEBP_EVENT_RAISE

Check event nameCheck event nameTrigger eventTrigger event

03 - Advanced ABAP Programming

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