021 Keynote

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Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

page 1

Toine Timmermans

Wageningen UR

Quality in [email protected]

Agri-Supply Chain Management


page 2

Agenda

Introduction

Developments & Consumer Trends in Europe

Opportunities for export of Asian Fruits

Post-harvest Technology

Examples of Integrated Projects

Conclusions

Discussion

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page 3

Wageningen University & Research Centre

ForQuality of Life

8 research

centres

Type of research Fundamental Strategic Applied

Employees

Students

PhD

2900

4650

1006

3100 900

2 research

stationsWageningen

University


page 4

The Global Food System: Balancing production & consumption

Trend: Globalisation

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page 5

EU Food Safety is Complex (GAP, Codex, General Food Law, Haccp, etc.),

Reports of Exceedance of Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticide

residues in products from Thailand.

Structural attention is needed !

Private SectorPrivate Sector

ConsumersConsumers

Food SafetyFood Safety

Food scandalsFood scandals

AuthoritiesAuthorities

Retailers

Food service

Retailers

Food service

Food Safety: just a few words


page 6

Quality management as systems innovation

From licence toproduce towardslicence to deliver

From retail backwardsquality managementis forced upon everysingle link in thechain.

Autonomous control in

Control upon controlsystem

AVAILABILITY

Government, laws, choice of suppliers

FOOD SAFETY

FOOD QUALITY

ETHICS

CHAIN

QUALITY

All productsAll products

Selected productsSelected products

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page 7

Development of relationships

Produc

erdrive

n

Consu

mer

driven

Retail

er

driven

Underdeveloped

3rd world

country

Farmer

sells

(village)

Farmer to

store

(region)

Developing

country

Middleman

(country)

Developed

country

Retailer to

farmer

supply chain

efficiency

(continent)

Future

Co-makership:

productdevelopment

(global)


page 8

OR

Cheap

raw materials???Optimal supply

to

customer/consumer

Key relationships

with secondary

processors

Market research

and intelligence

Market-/product

development

Category

management

Produce as raw material

supplier ?

Produce by a market-oriented,

demand driven strategy?

Optimal, cheap

production

location

International trade

of raw materials

Location

close to demandKey customer

relationships

Choice: Market strategy

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page 9

Power in the agrifood chain in Europe

Consumers (160.000.000)

Shoppers (89.000.000)

Stores (170.000)

Formulas (600)

Buyers

organisations (90)

Breeding companies (

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page 11

Market trends in food (Europe)

Pleasure

Easy-to-use

Health

Cheap

Consciousness

on-the-Go


page 12

Development of consumer trends

Top 20 of most successfull food introductions in the

Netherlands

Source: IRI, Zaltbommel

0

11

32

57

0

22

20

58

8

24

18

51

9

37

16

38

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2001 2002 2003 2004

Cheap Healthy Easy-use Pleasure

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page 13

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

Cheap

Healthy

Easy-to-use

Pleasure

On-the-Go

Conscious

Hero Fruit-2-day

Max Havelaar coffeepad

Lays Sensations

Steam fresh

Happy Euro pizza

Combinations are more successful


page 14

Fruit consumption

Fruit consumption levels are low (and tend not to rise)

Shares of organic & fair trade increase

Fresh cut fruit salads & healthy/easy to use grows Most successful (processed) fruit products:

branding & marketing

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Sustainability & Consciousness Max Havelaar/Fair Trade

Organic

Fruits are healthy

Local taste & local supply chain organization

Added value activities (pre-processing, product innovation,ready to eat concepts, packaging, traceability, chaincertificates)

Scale of operations, compliance with food-safety standardsand pricing always will be important

Crucial will be the ability to build partnership relations


page 16

Agenda

Introduction





Conclusions

Discussion

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page 17


Long term Storage

Packaging Technology

Cold Chain Management

Energy efficient transport

Quality Measurement

Integral Logistic Solutions

Session IV: Safety & Quality

AssuranceFresh Logistics


page 18


Research facilities

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page 19

SmartFresh:

An expanding new technology in storage

and agro-distribution

Examples of current use:

apple storage (Europe, USA, New-Zealand, China)

avocado transport (South Africa)

banana shelf-life (USA)

kiwi (Chile)

tomatoes (South-Europe)

ornamentals (USA)

Long Term Storage with SmartFresh


page 20

Long Term Storage with SmartFresh

SmartFresh = 1-MCP

Damp Treatment during 24 hours

At room temperature: 10-14 days

effect

At low temperature: long-term

effect

1 treatment after harvest in storage

room

1-MCP

Smart

Fresh

Water

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Packaging of perishables

Complex mix of demands and wishes

Distinctive/attractive: shape, prints, material,

Protective: mechanically, biologically

Food safety: cooling; hygiene (anti-microbial)

Legislation: (GFL) - tracing and tracking

Logistics: modular/stackable/ machineable

Sustainable: low weight/recyclable/compostable

Cost effective !!!


page 22

0

1

2

3

4

5

productquality

(shelf-life

in

days)

4 7 11 14distribution lead time (days)

standard new box

Special solid board box for bell peppers

Air freight

replaced by

sea freight

Modified Atmosphere Packaging = MAP

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page 23

Quama = Equilibrium MAP

Effect MAP on fruits and

vegetables:

Slows down ripening

proces

CO2: Anti microbial action

Low O2 minimizes

enzymatic discoloration

Gas conc. %

Time in days

O2

CO2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Optimal eq. gasconc. is

specific for each product

20

10

0


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Strawberry and Quama: storage 8C

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Quality effect: no SO2 pad included

Patented Tray

Special

top foil

Special

top foil


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Equilibrium ma-packaging: consumerpacks

MA-packaging concept

for a range of fruits

and vegetables:

The natural respiration

builds up a protective

atmosphere

Matching of respiration

and gas permeability ofthe packaging

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page 27

Modified Atmosphere Packaging

MAP concept is beneficial in various distribution

chains

Packaging development needs a chain perspective

Wageningen-UR step-by-step method: from idea,

laboratory test to real world implementation

Knowledge of quality behavior of fresh products in

distribution chains is key issue


page 28

RFID+

- Datachat as futuristic integrated

concept

Name

Location

How are you?

ID (barcode)

Location

Shelf life

RFID+

This is RFID with

extra informationabout fresh products,

e.g. shelf life

Aim

To reduce

shrinkage and OOS

by better stock

control

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QUEST: Energy reduction in reefer transport


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Modeling toolbox

Network model

distributed model

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page 31

Controlled avocado ripening

Goal:

To ripen avocados on demand in automated system

Task:

Develop an avocado ripening controller

that manipulates storage temperature of avocadossuch that the given desired firmness is reached


page 32

The Avocado Ripening Controller needs

- to estimate the firmness from ethylene production

- to know the expected firmness path at a chosen

temperature

Task:

Develop anAvocado Ripening Model that describes:

the ethylene production and firmness

of ripening avocados

as a function oftime and temperature

Avocado Ripening Model

0 100 200 3000

1

2

3

4

5

S[0-5]

t [h]0 100 200 300

0

2

4

6

8x 10

4

E[pmole.h

/kg.s

]

t [h]

0 100 200 3000

500

1000

1500

Edot[pmo

le/kg.s

]

t [h]

0 100 200 3005

10

15

20

T[o

C]

t [h]

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Product research for avocado ripening model

8000 ethylene production measurements

7000 colour measurements7000 firmness measurements

4000 avocados tested

0

50

100

150

200

0 2 4 6 8 10 1 2

time (days)

ethyleneproduction

3d

4d

5d

6d

8d

10d

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

time (days)

firmnessindex

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Time (days)

VC2H4(pmol\kg.s)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time (days)

ethyleneproduction

(pmol/kg.s

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

firmness/colour/CO2

ethyleneproduction

firmness index

colour index

CO2(%)


page 34

Cold Chain Management

Some Results of Keepability & Cooling project for Dutch

commodities:

Is cooling necessary ? YES

Is condensation bad ? NO, if the quality is good

Is slower cooling possible? YES

Optimal temperature is the best: cooling always better

Product with bad (initial) quality cannot be rescued with

cooling

After harvesting up to 48 hours to achieve optimal temperature

Temperature changes can be tolerated Condensation with bad product shows product specific effects

No cooling in the supermarket has disadvantageous effect

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Rico Talisa 1 Talisa 2 Talisa 3 Talisa 4

continuous

5C

`

continuous

8C

continuous

11C

1x

condensation

VBN

chain

simulation


page 36

Biochem. Analysis Gas Analysis

Firmness Acid titrationColour

Computer imaging

Quality Measurement

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page 37

Quality Measurement: Initial post-harvest

quality

Present

Measuring effects of biological processes Secondary signal

Too late for acting

Using genomics

Measuring initiation of cellular processes

indication of physiological status early warning -> mRNA


page 38

Quality indicator selection

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Combine selected genes into quality sensor

Optimal test format depends on test environment

customer demands

nr of genes needed

Translate genomics info into quality test


page 40

Example: Storage quality apples

Apples are stored for months

Sometimes taste/health

profile deteriorates

AFSG developed test for

early prediction of mealiness

in Cox apples

Batch can be sold beforequality decay starts

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Simulation packageChain-wide

Quality progress

Chain - product - combinations

A mirror to realityOptimum chain design

To judge situations before they are

implemented in practice

Role of modeling & simulation

Robust Network design using the Supply Chain Optimiser


page 42

Agenda

Introduction





Conclusions

Discussion

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Full project title

Increasing Fruit consumption through atransdisciplinary approach leading to high qualityproduce from environmentally safe sustainablemethods.

62 partners, 200 research staff, 16 countries,

budget 21.1 MEuro, runs from 2006 to 2010.

ISAFRUIT

www.isafruit.org

www.isafruit.eu


page 48

Structure of program

WP 3.4

COMPONENTS

WP 3.3

DRYFRUIT

WP 3.2

JUICETHIRSTY

WP 3.1

MPFRUIT

WP 5.4PROFIFRUIT

WP 5.3

ORGANIC-FRUIT

WP 5.2

SMARTFRUIT

WP 5.1

ECOFRUIT

WP2.4

FRUITCLEAN

WP2.3

FRUITHEALTH

WP2.2

FRUITSLIM

WP2.1

FRUITEFFECTS

WP4.2

OPTIMAL-

QUALITY

WP4.1

NONCHEMFRUIT

WP 1.4

INNOCHAIN

WP 1.3

INNOFRUIT

WP 1.2

CONPREF

WP 1.1

EUFCON

WP7.4

FRUITWEB

WP7.3

FRUITRIGHTS

WP7.2

FRUITSCIENCE

WP7.1FRUITSKILS

WP 6.3NEWFRUIT

WP 6.2

TRANSFRUIT

WP 6.1

GENFRUIT

ISAFRUIT

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page 49

Conclusions & Recommendations (1)

There are opportunities to increase export to the Europeanmarket; especially with a demand driven strategy

Insight in the Market & Consumer trends is essential

Food-safety, price and efficiency are basic requirements

Added value makes the difference (robustness,innovation, local processing, chain certification and

branding)

Partnerships in the chain are crucial


page 50

Conclusions & Recommendations (2)

Use the latest developments in post harvest R&D:

technology, scenario analysis, protocols, quality

certification

Organize international arenas for interaction with

stakeholders

What is the level of ambition and is there a corresponding budget ?

Essential role of private sector and entrepreneurs

Technology is available, it is setting out a strategy, invest & organize

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page 51

Thanks you for your attention!

Questions ? Co-operation

021 Keynote

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