02 The Creeds
description
Transcript of 02 The Creeds
The CreedsThe CreedsGuardians Against HeresyGuardians Against Heresy
Study Sheet: http://bit.ly/1gz79RV
This deck: http://bit.ly/18Ne2ue
2
What language was the New Testament written in?
Why?
3
Like all languages, it is very tightly bound to the culture of
the people who speak it…
4
“In the beginning was the Logos, and the Logos was with God, and the Logos was God…
Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been
made.” – John 1:1,3
5
λόγος“form”, “reason”, “symbol”, etc.
It’s the root we get “logic” from
6
Plato
7
Physical instances of things (e.g., chairs) are but
shadows of the true reality (“chair-ness”)
8
The “essence” is perfect and eternal
good
9
Physical things are imperfect, die and decay
evil
10
LogosLogos FleshFlesh??
11
“The Logos became flesh and made his dwelling
among us.” – John 1:14
12
But wouldn’t that mean that the perfect became
imperfect? The “good” became “evil”?
13
What does God have to say about that idea?
14
GnosticsGnostics
15
The Gnostics taught a
particular mixture of Platonist thought and Christianity
16
They identified God closely with “The Logos” and believed
that you are saved because God grants a mystical union
with you, and you are therefore enlightened and are brought
closer to God
17
Isn’t that what Orthodox Christianity teaches?
18
“Gnostic” comes from the same word as our word
“knowledge,” and basically means “Those in the know”
19
Today this appears in the form of Charismatics,
Pentecostals and anabaptists
20
The “new gospels” that occasionally pop up are generally Gnostic texts
21
One recent example in popular culture referencing them is
“The Da Vinci Code”
22
The Epistles of John are largely attempts to counter the enormous influence of
Gnosticism
23
ApostleApostle’’s s CreedCreed
24
“I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven
and Earth,”
25
The Gnostics held that the physical universe is evil and that therefore God, who is
Good, did not make it
26
“And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, Our Lord, Who was conceived by the Holy
Ghost, Born of the Virgin Mary,”
27
The Gnostics denied that God had taken human
nature or a human body
28
But no “real” Christians would need to be told this
Right?
29
Much of the stigma surrounding all things “carnal” is based in
remnants of this heresy
30
Sex, for example, is often seen as a “necessary evil,” and that’s the primary reason why Roman Catholicism insists
on the perpetual virginity of Mary, since it teaches that she was untouched by sin
See, for example, sections499-500 in theCatholic Catechism
31
“Suffered under Pontius Pilate,”
32
While the Bible contains a lot of doctrine, it is above all True. True in the spiritual sense
AND in the historical “flesh and blood” sense
33
“Was crucified, dead, and buried; he descended into
Hell.”
34
Here the Creed hammers home the point that he was really dead
The reference to the descent into Hell here makes it clear that the death of Jesus was not just an illusion, a swoon or a coma, but
death in every sense of the word…
35
“I believe in the Holy Ghost, the holy catholic church, the
communion of saints,”
36
The Gnostics believed that the most important Christian
doctrines were reserved for a select few:
those “in the know” who have had a special mystical
experience
37
Hence the term “catholic,” or universal, which distinguished
them from the Gnostics
38
“the forgiveness of sins,”
39
The Gnostics considered that
what men needed was not
forgiveness, but enlightenment
Ignorance, not sin, was the problem
40
“the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting. AMEN”
41
The chief goal of the Gnostics was to
become free forever from the taint of matter and the
shackles of the body, and to return to the heavenly realm as
Pure Spirit
42
They totally rejected any idea of the resurrection of the body
43
When people think that we’re meant to live as spirits (angels?) forever in the presence of God, they’ve only
got it half right…
44
We are meant to live in physical bodies
45
As it says in Revelation 21, God will create a “new heaven and new earth” for us to live in
The physical world will be remade for us to inhabit (albeit with a great many changes)
46
Writing The Writing The Apostle’s CreedApostle’s Creed
47
Legend has it that each of the twelve “verses” was
done by Inspiration by each of the 12 Apostles
48
While there were references to it by the second century, the first known writing in its
current form was from around 710 AD
49
Because it was focused primarily on a particular heresy and very general statement of
faith, it left a lot of room for many other heresies
50
Arius of Arius of AlexandrAlexandr
iaia
51
When Arius of Alexandria petitioned Constantine for
support in 327 AD, it became clear that a more
formal, precise statement of what “Christian” means was
needed
52
The Arian heresy is often described as the denial of
the deity of Christ
Like everything with that big an impact, it’s not nearly
that simple
53
According to the Arians, Christ is “the first and greatest creation of Jehovah God and His active
agent in creating all things.”
“the Son is a mighty god but not Jehovah God.”
54
What modern heresy is a direct descendant of the
Arian heresy?
55
Jehovah’s Witnesses, who point to Arius as one of
their Church Fathers
56
Nicene Nicene CreedCreed
57
“We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that
is, seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus
Christ, the only Son of God,”
58
Here and elsewhere (such as John 1:14) the Greek has “monogenetos
huios”
An English translation may read either “only Son” or “only begotten
Son”
59
“eternally begotten of the Father,”
60
Arius was fond of saying, “The Logos is not eternal.
God begat him, and before he was begotten, he did not
exist.”
61
The Athanasians (Bishop Athanasius was the leader
of those that battled the Arians) replied that the
begetting of the Logos was not an event in time, but an
eternal relationship
62
“God from God, Light from Light,”
63
A favorite analogy of the Athanasians was the following:
Light is continuously streaming forth from the sun
The rays of light are derived from the sun, and not vice versa
64
The analogy is further appropriate because we can know the sun only through the rays of light that it emits
To see the sunlight is to see the sun
65
As Jesus says, “He who has seen me has seen the Father.” (John
14:9)
66
“true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one
being with the Father.”
67
This the Arians simply could not interpret as meaning what they
believed
68
“Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered
death and was buried.”
69
Only pausing here to note that the older translation of the last phrase here was simply, “He suffered and was buried.”
Apparently by the time of Nicaea, it was no longer necessary to emphasize that Christ had really died at Calvary, as it had been
spelled out in the Apostles’ Creed
70
“On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he
ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again
in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the
giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son].”
71
The words shown in brackets, “and from the Son,” are a
Western addition to the Creed
72
Without going into too much detail, the Eastern Church did not agree with this choice of wording and the fact that the West “slipped it in” drove further the
wedge between East and West
(Technically, the East had a legitimate complaint against how the Western Church handled the situation, though they were wrong in their understanding of the doctrine)
73
“With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.
He has spoken through the Prophets.”
74
This line was directed against the view that the Holy Spirit
did not exist, or was not active, before Pentecost
75
“We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We
acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come. AMEN”
76
The “one baptism” part will become important later
when St. Augustine battled the Donatists...
77
Briefly, the Donatists believed that if you
received an “illegitimate baptism” then it didn’t count
and you needed to be baptized again
78
Where do you hear this heresy today? What is the
Biblical answer?
79
Left UnsaidLeft Unsaid
80
As with anything of this type, it should be noted the kinds of
things that were left out of Creed, because in doing so the framers
were essentially saying that disagreements about such things
were not considered heretical
81
For example, many of the “practical” teachings of Jesus
are missing entirely, especially that which has to do with the
Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of This World
82
Constantine, for one, would never have allowed a Creed that spoke
against worldly ambitions
That omission would be used when the Church started to gain
tremendous worldly power