02-04 parts draft DR

Design Realisation- towaRDs a slow fooD co-housing typology claRissa yee unit 22 41

02- Building Construction

rock sand water

cardboard glass rubblescrap metal

fRee coMMunity MateRials:fsalt ayre, ovangle Road, lancasterMajor recycling centre for household waste and holds many materials:cans, cardboard, electronic equipment, fluroscent tubes, fridges/freezers, gas bottles, glass, garden waste, hard plastics,, paper, paint, plastic bags, plastic bottles, plaster, plasterboard, rubble, hardcore, scrap metal, textiles, tyres.

“fRee” site MateRials:stones, rocks, sand, water, air

lancashiRe local builDing MateRials

sustainably grown timber

02.1 Matierials and Construction

explanation of materials, properties and precedents

Materials were selected on the basis of what could be brought by the site, the immediate surrounding area and what the community could bring to the project.


Rammed earth construction will be used for the communal areas and connecting areas between the housing nits. the form work will be set up for the community and they will help with the ramming of the earth and floors.

There will be a given flexibility with time for them as the ramming takes a long time, but they can decided how long it will take for them to do it and what they want to provide for the community first.

the jet grouting for the foundations for the walls will already be laid down as a stable base for the rammed earth to be formed on top of. (see details for more information)

properties include: good thermal mass, good strength, low cost and easy for community to build, using hand held rammers.

the process for the walls to dry out can take a long time- sometimes months.

however, due to the phaseing of the project this will not be a problem.

Due to the flexibility of the forms that can be achieved this seems like a good choice when working with the community.

table below explores te different options of using earth bricks and rammed earth and its suitability for use in this project.

02.1a Rammed Earth Construction

time labour

cebsome soil conditions permit the blocks to go straight from the press onto the wall. takes one day to build and 1 80m2 house.

the soil mix is 15-40 percent non-expansive clay, 25-40 percent silt powder, and sharp sand to small gravel content of 40-70 percent.

mix finishing

completed walls require either a reinforced bond beam or a ring beam on top or between floors. Bricks need stabalising to leave without finishing.

standards for foundations are similar to those for brick walls. a ceb wall is heavy. footings must be at least 10 inches thick, with a minimum width that is 33 percent greater than the wall width.

foundations

rammedearth walls

Damp material is poured in to a depth of 10 to 25 cm in modern variations of the method, rammed-earth walls are constructed on top of conventional footings or a reinforced concrete slab base.

it can take as little as two to three days to construct the walls for a 200 to 220 m2

Rammed earth is roughly 70% sand and gravel, the structural filler, and 30% clay and silt, the binder

it takes some time to dry out, as much as two years for complete curing. exposed walls should be sealed to prevent water damage.

unskilled labour can do most of the necessary work

unskilled labour brick layers

the thickness, typically 30 to 35 centimetres. well-cured walls accept nails and screws easily, and can be effectively patched with the same material used to build themRammed earth using rebar, wood or bamboo reinforcement can prevent failure caused by earthquakes or heavy storms

construction and compatibility with timber constrution

like brick construction


this process of blending soil with selected materials can produce a modified or re-engineered soil that has strength, impermeability and/or elasticity.

the process is achieved by installing specialised jetting equipment down conventionally drilled diameter holes of approximately 600-900mm in diameter.

There is great flexibility in the choice of borehole entry points which allows the formation below ground to consist of complex geometrical shapes of treatment by combination of overlapping individual treatment zones.

they will be used as a foundation for timber frame structure and also for rammed earth structure.

it has been chosen as it is less invasive than concrete- and as it uses the existing soil, it has less embodied energy in the process and takes more advantage of the existing ground instead of digging.

02.1B Jet grouting Construction


grown locally and using timber from lancashire encourages good woodland management. sycamore forms a large portion of the trees in lancashire woods that is removed in favour of more desirable trees like oak and ash.

bioMass- left over matirals from the construction process could be used for storing for using in biomass

“wood-based materials include: - forestry, including thinnings and prunings, both rural and urban;- short-rotation coppice - fast-growing timbers grown specifically as a fuel crop such as willow, coppice or poplar; - wood waste such as sawdust, joinery waste, paper sludge and used pallets.”

with water being on the site, the wood may develop warping due to the humdity., so a treatment on the wood is required to keep it weather proof.

02.1B timber frame Construction


SECTIONS 1:20

The consequence of using these different materials in the different phases has meant that the connections between jet grouting and timber frame has been made very sturdy in order for the community to use it as a shelter.


02.2 SOLAR GAIN AND DAYLIGHT

issues that surround solar gain on this site is that with a lack of buildings and trees, there is not much solar shading existing on site. the hill to the north east of the site provides shading from the sun in the morning, and the few trees provide some in summer months.

Daylight is important particularly to the houses, and office parts of the building and not required so much in the food storage areas of the building, therefore the positioning of these areas have accomodated for that.

south elevationsSouth elevations can be shaded in summer by fixed horizontal louvres which will cut off high level direct sunlight and act as light shelves bouncing reflected light deep into the space. in winter when sun is scarce and heat is less of a problem the sunlight will enter the room.

west elevationswindows facing west will tend to admit low angle afternoon sunlight for the hottest and longest part of the working day and are frequently the cause of overheating. west elevations therefore generally require moveable shutters or blinds which are often very costly to install and maintain.

east elevationswindows facing east admit sunlight for a relatively short part of the working day in the morning which can be used to warm the building before the daily air temperature has risen. east elevations can be protected by fixed vertical shading “blinkers”

north elevationsOnly second floor will receive north light and may need protection from glare and solar gain, depending on the use of the space and the amount of glazing.

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

summer solstice 61.9 degrees

winter solstice 15.1degrees


02.3 WATER TIGHTNESS

1:5 Details showing water tightness


02.4 INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION

1:5 DetailsanD eXplanation of Dewpoint


02.5 THERMAL INSULATION

1:5 Details

u Value ReQuiReMents anDcalculation


02.6 INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD LEGISLATION


02.7 MAINTAINANCE


¬¬¬DR pictures and no more than 5000 words. Marked by comprehension of lecture course/seminars/tutorials and reading; elegance and intelligence in the application of taught material and personal research; satisfactory analysis of required content and quality of analysis and presentation.

03- Building Performance

the performance of this building is unique to the users in which will be using the building. the clients are a set of epople in which comfort to them will be different to others. i would like to challenge how comfortable these people want to be in order to- in what some would think- to sacrifice the opportunity to feel connected to the environment and to save costs.

it is my belief that the building should react to primarily the control of the environment and what is best for the site and then secondly how the users of the building would like to change their building environment over time without having to resort to mechanical and energy wasting means.

looking at bReeaM’s code for sustainable homes, there are advised sustainability appRoaches & technical peRfoRMances which are guidelines in designing sustainable homes.

using their case studies as a guide for designing most of the case study projects focused on ‘a high-quality, highly insulated building shell with low air-permeability that took maximum advantage of passive solutions before adding active or renewable features:

• high levels of insulation • low levels of air-permeability• passive solar design strategies • low energy lighting • the use of environmentally benign materials • low water use sanitary ware • rainwater harvesting the schemes that aimed for higher levels of the code also included renewable energy such as photovoltaic cells, biomass boilers and other features, such as green roofs.

Many of the projects had incorporated metering equipment and had developed plans for future post occupancy monitoring, which will help to provide feedback on the actual performance of different systems during occupation.’

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/1161997.pdf

Diagram/ drawing showing insulated shell, and low air permeability into individual spaces,


internal heat gains are caused by the occupancy density, computers and other machine and lighting loads; it is usually worth considering reducing them. For example, there are many energy-efficient lighting devices on the market –high-efficacy lamps, high-efficiency luminaires and lighting controls. If these loads cannot be reduced then some form of cooling will be required to the space. natural ventilation may not be adequate.’ ventilation and cooling option appraisal, http://www.ihsti.com/tempimg/25B6D19-CIS888614800287117.pdf

a well-designed building envelope in the uK can restrict peak space temperatures to about 28ºc without the need to resort to mechanical cooling. if this temperature swing is acceptable to the occupants then a low-energy naturally ventilated solution may be a viable option.

here openings at high and low level encourage air to enter low and leave at high level. Draughts will be avoided by bringin air in far enough away from occupants that it becomes sufficiently mixed with warm internal air as not to cause discomfort.

03-1 Ventilation AND COOLING strategy: Passive

[Academic use only]


[Academic use only]


wateR cooling

evaporative cooling could be used to cool the building. it has many advantages- cheap and requires les energy than other systems,good when there is an abundance in waterincreases the humidity of the areathe only two mechanical parts in most basic evaporative coolers are the fan motor and the water pump, both of which can be repaired at low cost and often by a mechanically inclined homeowner.

The constant and high volumetric flow rate of air through the building reduces the age-of-air in the building dramatically.evaporative cooling increases humidity, which, in dry climates, may improve the breathability of the air.The pad itself acts as a rather effective air filter when properly maintained; it is capable of removing a variety of contaminants in air, including urban ozone caused by pollution, regardless of very dry weather. Refrigeration-based cooling systems lose this ability whenever there is not enough humidity in the air to keep the evaporator wet while providing a constant trickle of condensate that washes out dissolved impurities removed from the air.

disadvantages:increase the humidity means that there would be swelling of materials, doors, trims, and pianos going out of tune.

high dewpoint (humidity) conditions decrease the cooling capability of the evaporative cooler.

No dehumidification. Traditional air conditioners remove moisture from the air, except in very dry locations where recirculation can lead to a buildup of humidity. evaporative cooling adds moisture, and in dry climates, dryness may improve thermal comfort at higher temperatures.

the air supplied by the evaporative cooler is typically 80–90% relative humidity; very humid air reduces the evaporation rate of moisture from the skin, nose, lungs, and eyes.high humidity in air accelerates corrosion, particularly in the presence of dust. this can considerably shorten the life of electronic and other equipment.high humidity in air may cause condensation. this can be a problem for some situations (e.g., electrical equipment, computers, paper/books, old wood).

evaporative cooler DesignsDirect evaporative cooling (open circuit) is used to lower the temperature of air by using latent heat of evaporation, changing liquid water to water vapor. in this process, the energy in the air does not change. warm dry air is changed to cool moist air. the heat of the outside air is used to evaporate water.

indirect evaporative cooling (closed circuit) is similar to direct evaporative cooling, but uses some type of heat exchanger. the cooled moist air never comes in direct contact with the conditioned environment.

two-stage evaporative cooling, or indirect-direct. traditional evaporative coolers use only a fraction of the energy of vapor-compression or absorption air conditioning systems. unfortunately, except in very dry climates they increase humidity to a level that makes occupants uncomfortable. two-stage evaporative coolers do not produce humidity levels as high as that produced by traditional single-stage evaporative coolers.

In the first stage of a two-stage cooler, warm air is pre-cooled indirectly without adding humidity (by passing inside a heat exchanger that is cooled by evaporation on the outside). in the direct stage, the pre-cooled air passes through a water-soaked pad and picks up humidity as it cools.


is close contRol of huMiDity neeDeD?humidity is measured in terms of relative humidity (Rh). in general, people find the humidity to be acceptable within the ranges of 40% to 70% RH. Most buildings will float within this range without humidification plant, which would consume significant energy in winter. if the humidity is too low then problems can occur with static electricity (<40% Rh) and health problems associated with the drying of the respiratory tract (<30% Rh).

humidity will be unlikely to be a problem on this site, and comfort is to be achieved through adequate ventilation and control of ventilation in the space.

since humidity will be more of a problem in the summer, i propose that water will be a way to cool residents down by providing a water mist which will cool the rammed earth spaces gradually.

the breathable nature of the rammed earth will mean that the humidity will be able to escape the spaces without the use of mechanical ventilators.

03-2 humidity strategy


03-3 SERVICES STRATEGY

as each cluster will grow in the future with attachments. there will be a riser in each

DIAGRAM


03-4 ENERGY STRATEGY

4600 kwH/day needed in electricity

30% “lost” as heat

70% for use as energy

ONE SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE WITHIN CO-HOUSING SCHEME

ElectricityCookingCleaning

ON GRID SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

4600 kwH/day needed in electricity

STEAM SYSTEMconstant to make it worthwhile

FOSSIL FUELSturned on only when needed to save fuel

Gas and electricityas and when it is needed

Used for heating and cooling

more sustainable energy

water and steam and excess energy

Pollutants

BY PRODUCTS

BY PRODUCTS PRODUCTS

PRODUCTS

£

£

COST

Money: £3.10/day

Money: £1.30/day

Maintainance

reliance of grid

Freedom

organisation of waste for fuel

BENEFITS

Environment

COST BENEFITS

Speed

O

ENERGY SOURCE


03-5 ACOUSTICS

Due to the nature of the site, there is no problem with neighbouring noise form building, or traffic. the M6 is a good enough distance for it not to be troublesome. However, due to the close nature and semi- detached or terrace house formations, there may be acoustic problems between households.also, the sound between houses and the common areas such as communal kitchens, meeting space, laundry rooms and children’s play areas.

DIAGRAM


03-6 WATER SUPPLY

water will be supplied by the River lune, using a reciprocating displacement pump. this type of pump works off the atmospheric pressure of the water surrounding it.

the water will only be fed into the system when it reaches a certain level. this ensures that the amount of water fed into the supply is only when the River has sufficient amount of water at one time, respecting that the water is also shared with many plants and animals in the River also. the water is then fed through a series of filters before being released back into the River- the same or better living quality than it was before it was extracted.

[Academic use only]

water displacement pump

water supply diagram 1:400


by respecting the cycles that the building is housed in- the processes work with the site and its inhabitants whether that is human animal or plant.

food is grown in a different way from what is expected. off the ground, with the water being filtered before it is released back to the wild. This is to preserve and work with native species of the site and appreciating the link we have within this environment

Machine cooKingin which the heat from washing machines can power cooking methods such as sous vide.

bio coMposteRvegetable peelings and other wastes composted using microbes and worms which can be used as fertiliser

bio toiletWaste is flushed plant filtration system that provides waste for biofuel and plants benefit also. Excess water is filtered down

wateRing clouDwater stored in ‘cloud’ made of recycled plastics and used to water plant beds depending on what areas need it.

plant beDsplant beds raised off and positioned on top of rocks found naturally on site to filter the water clean before it is released back to the river

wateR fRoM RiVeR luneDrawn up through pump into a pool that can be used for animals and birds. the reduced number of natural birds has meant a decline in fish over the years so this will help to replenish the health of the local species.

wateR to be filteReD by site MateRialThe bank will be used to filter the water by archimedes screw powered by bike and then using the natural rocks on the banks to filter the water for the 1st time.Some water will be filtered by slow sand filtered using a similar system, but with a layer of bacteria

wateR tuRneD to steaMto clean, cook and heat houses, excess steam will be turned back to water and used clean the exterior as it runs down to the ground


03-7 RAINWATER DRAINAGE AND HARVESTING STRATEGY

Calculation to determine appropriate storage tank sizeannual rainfall (mm) x effective collection area (m2) x drainage coefficient (%)x filter efficiency (%) x 0.05

1200mm x 2200m2 x 0.9 (for picthed roofs) x 0.9 (average) x 0.05=106920 litres or 10.7 cubic metres (m3)

55% of water use could be from rainwater harvesting. toilet flushing, clothes washing, outdoor use and miscellaneous use.

that is 82.5 litres per person per day.

for 75 people that is 6187.5 litres per day.

so, the capacity for rainwater harvesting exceeds the needs of the inhabitants. the effective collection area can then be reduced to

x= 7000/(

the total cost of installing a Rwh system is the sum of the cost of the components plus installation. systems can cost from around £2,500 up to £6,000 depending on the size of the tank. Since there is not a huge demand or cost for water in this region, there is less of an incentive to install a Rwh system which has a high degree of maintanenece, (three times a year)

there may be alternatives to Rain water harvesting system which includes using water butts for garden use. waterless toilets also seem like an appropriate and cheaper/ low tech alternative for a Rainwater harvesting system.

Reduce – for example, install a low flush or dual flush toilet (below the regulatory 6 l/flush), fit low flow taps, fit a low flow aerated shower; adopt efficient behaviour like turning the tap off when brushing your teeth;Reuse – use water from a water butt to water the garden or wash the car;Recycle - install a Rwh system.the cost usually increases with the hierarchy, while the benefits decrease.

DIAGRAM


+++

---

Wood burning

cold water in

inner coil super heater

water tank (600 gallons)

generator

battery charge

turbine

hotwell

steam out

Desuperheater

Water for housing cluster

Steam for housing cluster

Uses

Exhaust

air heater

hot water out

Biofuel from vegetable and human wastePossibility for wind or solar power here too

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Meeting cluster of the scheme is located over the free running water in attempt to use the ground water as a cooling stategy for the rooms that will more likely over heat. these rooms have computer systems and electrics in, or a high proportion of people: the meeting rooms.

wateR cools builDings espe-cially aReas with eXcess heatevaporating water keeps humidity in the air for ripening fruits and vegeta-bles and keeps areas cool without the need mechanical cooling

builDings becoMes RocKface to DiVeRt wateRthe building itself will resemble a mountain rockface with its own val-leys, and water channels carved out of it,

showeRsanyone entering the site from the Riverside will need to at least wash their shoes to ensure seeds soils are not brought into the building protect-ing the native species of the site

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

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RocK faceangled roof will help with water runoff and also, blend into the environ-ment

wateR filteReDagain before being re-leased back to the river through a series of rocks.

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

wateR walKwayseducational tool to teach users about how water is obtained from the site and how the process works

[Academic use only]

bio anD steaMenergy and cleaning proc-ess as explained before on previous page


03-8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MATERIALS

tiMbeR--low embodied energy than alternatives inclusing aluminium, steel and concrete. however, the sawn soft wood has as little as 0.5 Gj/tonne, glue-laminated timber and laminated veneered lumber are quoted as having figures between 4.6 and 11 Gj/tonne.

locally grown timber has a lower embodied energy than imported. lancashire has locally grown timbers which reduces ‘product miles’ thus minimising pollution. the timber comes from local woodlands. oak, sycamore, beech, ash elm and alder cherry are all grown in the area.

the durability is important, as if the timber needs to be replaced often there is a greater impact on the environment than if the structure was treated to be preserved over a long period of time. there are a number of different treatments the most common form is cca (copper-chrome-arsenic) of which has been banned in use in domestic buildings since 2004. less toxic alternatives are available which also help preserve the natural colour and finish of the timber. waste wood on site can be used in the wood boiler for heat.

RaMMeD eaRth-the material is natural and found locally which reduces the amount of embodied energy- embodied energy is similar to brick veneer construction and the earth is reuseable post demolition.it is non-toxic and breathes which means it does not need any further treatments over the walls which means it is 100% natural. the embodied energy is in the trnasporting of the earth and the ramming, however compared to most other methods the actual time of ‘ramming’ is short and the walls can last forever if maintained well.

Jet gRoutingis a good alternative to concrete footings for foundations. it can be used for retaining soil also. it uses the existing soil to make up the mix for grouting and therefore is more environmentally friendly than having to make and transport material on site. The drill itself is high energy, but the benefits outweigh the energy required.

pRebaRication prefabrication can benefit the environment in a number of ways. a controlled environment of the factory can guarantee a greater thermal performance. potential to reduce waste integrated serves allow installations to be minimised which reduces the amount of materials and shorter pipe runs.bathroom and toilet pods and bedrooms can be prefababricated off site to a high degree of precision which will be fitted on site.


Detail investigation how the project would be delivered in a professional context. Specific consideration to appropriate modes of architectural practice, project management, including the legal and legislative issues surrounding the project. possible procurement strategies and their affect upon design and design information, possible risks and difficulties in construction and how there might be designed out, the role of consultants, the role of contractors and suppliers, contractual relationship with the client.

¬¬¬DR pictures and no more than 5000 words. Marked by comprehension of lecture course/seminars/tutorials and reading; elegance and intelligence in the application of taught material and personal research; satisfactory analysis of required content and quality of analysis and presentation.

04- Building Delivery 30% weight

04-1 Planning Legistlation and how it affects the scheme

planning policies state that obligations will need to be made on grounds of:

related to affordable housing, public open space and transport.

with housing the number of houses at a planning stage should ideally be certain as ‘Developers should pay additional contributions for: • any houses which they build over the number agreed at the outline planning stage;’

planning obligations:

new housing schemes depending on the statistics of the area might require the scheme to fill other programs to provide a service to the community. for example libraries or child services.

Watse Management- there is a shortage of landfill sites and for every new household local authorities will request contributions towards a new waste management network. currently this is£480 per household.

countryside access - encourage people to walk and cycle in the countryside

landscape character and Design- policy 20 of the Joint lancashire structure plan (Jlsp) and its landscape and heritage supplementary planning guidance aim to protect and enrich the landscapes of lancashire. this is especially the case where landscape degradation is an issue

natural heritage-to promote sustainable development; • to conserve, restore and improve the diversity of england’s wildlife and geology; and • to contribute to rural renewal and urban revival.

youth and community- 80% of young people in county council areas to be within safe 30-minute walking time of youth services. • All young people must have access to youth services for at least 4 hours a week.

Affordable Housing for a range of types and sizes on appropriate sites. the key aims behind this are to promote integrated and balanced communities and to provide access to decent homes for those in need of housing

the scheme may include:Dwellings for rent from a registered social landlord – contributions through section 106 agreements play an increasingly important role in providing housing within this sector. Most affordable housing has been provided through this mechanism. • Shared-ownership schemes – homes that are part owned and part rented, usually through a Rsl.

flood defences- scheme must take into account future flood risks.

it is the developers responsibility to fully assess the risk of flooding and propose measures to mitigate the risk.

inland waterways- the site is close to the River lune which means that development proposals may require the creation of alternative habitats or improved facilities for wildlife.

drainage – if a development drains directly into a canal, this can have a direct impact on water levels that may need correcting.

access to the river cannot be restricted

being close to the river means that planning authorities will seeek contributions for the maintainance for the towpaths, infrastructure and litter removal.

water, waste and electrical-if united utilities believes that a development may overstretch its capacity, the developer will be required to carry out a utility impact assessment. scheme will aim to be as self reliant as possible so as to be sustainable and to help fulfill this need.


04-2 CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS OF CLIENT, DESIGN TEAM, CONTRACTOR AND SUB CONTRACTOR AND SUPPLIER


04-3 ARCHITECTS ROLE AND APPOINTMENT


04-4 THE ROLE OF EACH OF THE OTHER CONSULTANTS


04-5 FINANCIAL CONTEXT

- Funding

the lancaster co-housing group had bought the site with some personal back-ing and shares to the value of £5000. individual members to the group were required to pay for their plot according to the size of their dwelling. 5 bed: £36,0000, 1 bed £18,000. these plot sales went back to the founder of the group, and to pay for the site, and the professionals.they expect that in the next phase of recruitment the house prices will be in the region of £130K to £285K. The build costs will largely be financed by a corporate loan. it is anticipated that this will be a rolling loan facility. this loan will cover a maximum of 70% of the project costs, therefore members have to put down a 30% deposit.

the money required from members at different stages in the project is as follows:

on joining- £5Kwithin 3 months of joining- 30% (or more) of projected house cost (minus £5K already provided)build completion- cash or individual mortgages for the remaining 70% (or less)

paying for the homes could not be done through self-build loan as tthe homes are bought on a 999 year leasehold not a freehold, so the only way to fund this is corporate loans. since, this is personally funded many members will have to sell their current homes before the new homes will be built and live in rented accomodation in halton until the houses will be available to be moved into.


04-6 PROCUREMENT OF THE BUILDING FROM A CONTRACTOR AND IMPLICATION OF THE DIFFERENT CONTRACTS USED.

Establising a contract profile quickly assesses the importnce of cost, time and quality using a radar diagram like that on the right, it can suggest where design responsibilities are to restand their extent, and the most suitable procurement methods and constructionprocedures. this in turn will affect tendering arrangements and the amount and format of the information needed.

costthe client might have limited funding and require reasurrance of a fixed price with no risk of fluctuation.

long term cost implications in this case are important. as it is self funded and a new way of living that is being persued the future maintainance costs should be advised to the client.it is more important in this case for the price for running and maintainance costs to be low with a good quality design which may cost more rather than running down costs which may increase running and maintanance costs.

QualityQuality of materials do not need to be expensive but good quality in the way that they need to last and not need to be replaced very often and they need to fit and last with the environment. the scheme questions the idea of comfort. the quality of the finished building before handover could be of a quality that is efficient for shelter, but not perfect for waterproofing, warmth, etc.

tiMeReal savings can be made in overall project time by effective management and not taking shortcuts like a premature rushed start to construction. Due to the nature of the residents’ financial circumstances the longer the build is the more money many of the residents will spend of rented housing nearby in halton, as many have sold their houses in order to pay for the new development. they want to move in as soon as they can.

phased completion could allow an affective way for the community to be really involved and learn from the build


procurement methods

04-6 PROCUREMENT OF THE BUILDING FROM A CONTRACTOR AND IMPLICATION OF THE DIFFERENT CONTRACTS USED.


04-7 CMD

02-04 parts draft DR

Documents

Transcript of 02-04 parts draft DR