Programming languages

Submitted by: Aadarsha chapagainRoll no:014BSCIT001

UNIT:2.1

content

Introduction Types

Machine languageAssembly languageProcedural languageProblem oriented languageNatural language

Compilers and interpreter

Introduction • Programming language is an artificial language designed to express computation

that can be performed by machine ,specially a computer • Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior

of a machine or to express algorithms .• Some languages, such as COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, and C, are known as

procedural languages because they use a sequence of commands to specify how the machine is to solve a problem. Others, such as LISP, are functional, in that programming is done by invoking procedures (sections of CODE executed within a program)

• Programming languages can also be classified as high-level or low-level. • Low-level languages address the computer in a way that it can understand

directly, but they are very far from human language. • High-level languages deal in concepts that humans devise and can understand,

but they must be translated by means of a COMPILER into language the computer understands.

Types

• Machine language• The lowest-level programming language(except

for computers that utilize programmable microcode)

• Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers.

• While easily understood by computers, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consist entirely of numbers