013 Nervous System
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Transcript of 013 Nervous System
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
cranial nervescranial nerves
s inal nervess inal nerves
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CNS PNS
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sensory receptor
sensory input
integration
motor input
effector
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cell body
dendrite
Synapseaxon
Myelin
sheath
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Schwann Cells
Axon
Nodes of Ranvier
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bipolar
eye, ear, & olfactory
unipolar multipolarmost abundant type in CNSDorsal root
ganglion cells
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Presynaptic
neuron
Postsynaptic
membrane
Ca2+
Synaptic vesicles
containing
neurotransmitters
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Acetylcholine- slows heart rate; PNS
Glutamate- most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain Aspartate- in CNS GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter Glycine- inhibitory neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine- awakening from deep sleep Epinephrine- increase heart rate Dopamine- movement of skeletal muscles Seratonin- sensory perception, temp regulation, mood,
sleep Nitric oxide- may play a role in memory and learning Enkephalin- inhibit pain impulses by suppressing release
of substance P
Substance P- enhances perception of pain
tyrosine
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brain
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CerebrumCerebrum
a Involved with higher brain functions.
a Processes sensory information.
a Initiates motor functions.a Integrates information.
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Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex
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Primary
SensoryCortex
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Primary Motor
Cortex
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HypothalamusHypothalamus
autonomic control center- blood pressure,autonomic control center- blood pressure,
rate and force of heart contraction, centerrate and force of heart contraction, center
for emotional response and behaviorfor emotional response and behavior body temperaturebody temperature water balance and thirstwater balance and thirst sleep/wake cyclessleep/wake cycles
appetiteappetite sexual arousalsexual arousal control of endocrine functioning:control of endocrine functioning:
Acts on the pituitary gland through theActs on the pituitary gland through the
Regulates:Regulates:
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Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata
Contains control centers forContains control centers for
many subconscious activitiesmany subconscious activities
Respiratory rateRespiratory rate Heart rateHeart rate Arteriole constrictionArteriole constriction
SwallowingSwallowing
HiccuppingHiccupping CoughingCoughing SneezingSneezing
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CerebellumCerebellum
a
Controls and coordinatesmuscular activity.
a Important in equilibrium,
posture and movement.
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Functional Divisions of theFunctional Divisions of the
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Afferent DivisionAfferent Division
Sensory (advances) neuron Sensory (advances) neuron goes toward CNSgoes toward CNS
Efferent DivisionEfferent Division
Motor (exits) neuron- leavesMotor (exits) neuron- leavesCNSCNS
Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous S stemAutonomic Nervous S stem
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Spinal Reflex
Arc
patellar
ligament
stretch
receptor
motor
neuron
sensory
neuron
motor
neuron
interneuron
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The Autonomic Nervous SystemThe Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic and SympatheticNervous System: A subdivision of the PNS Not under conscious control Work antagonistically Controlled by medulla oblongata and
hypothalamus
Peripheral nervous system thatsupplies stimulation via motor nerves
to smooth and cardiac muscle and to
glands
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