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1 2 Axioplan 2 imaging and Axiophot 2 Universal Microscopes Operating Manual
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4H/0'6 ='I-:='6',0/ &&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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B.<-#'<#,& "#0,#$&$%' 1!2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
*:?=7/?7B' :..-6:,+07=/ J&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K-@'/ JL3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5H'B:'?'/ JM3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@'/ #$3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
O'A.'?07= 671-.'/ #J3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
P@Q'?0:R'/ #L3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
40+;'/ #M3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
F7,1',/'=/ A7= K=+,/6:00'1 9:;<0 S&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
>,+.HT'=/U ?76B',/+07=/U +-D:.:+=H 7@Q'?0/ +,1 VNF /.:1'=/ S83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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K=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0 @=:;<0A:'.1 LJ3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0 1+=XA:'.1 L#3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
V+=XA:'.1 :..-6:,+0:7, :, .7Y 6+;,:A:?+0:7,/ LS3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W<+/' ?7,0=+/0 LL3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
VNF % V:AA'=',0:+. :,0'=A'=',?' ?7,0=+/0 :, 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0 L83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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K=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 B7.+=:T+0:7, % V'0'=6:,:,; +,1 6'+/-=:,; B+0< 1:AA'=',?'/ 823 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 B7.+=:T+0:7, % V'0'=6:,:,; 0<' 7B0:?+. ?<+=+?0'=:/0:?/ 7A ?=H/0+./ 8&3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N,?:1',0 .:;<0 @=:;<0A:'.1 8#3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N,?:1',0 .:;<0 1+=XA:'.1 8S3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
VNF % V:AA'=',0:+. :,0'=A'=',?' ?7,0=+/0 :, :,?:1',0 .:;<0 8L3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N,?:1',0%.:;<0 B7.+=:T+0:7, % V'0'?0:7, 7A @:='A.'?0:7, +,1 ='A.'?0:7, B.'7?<=7:/6 883 3 3 3 3 3 3
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0<' B'=A7=6+,?' 7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; 7= :,1''1
1+6+;' 0<' :,/0=-6',03 K<' -/' 7A /-?< B+=0/ :/ 0<' /7.'
='/B7,/:@:.:0H 7A 0<' -/'=3
]7 70<'= ?+='U 6+:,0',+,?' 7= ='B+:= Y7=X 6-/0 @' ?+==:'1
7-0 +B+=0 A=76 0<' +?0:R:0:'/ /B'?:A:'1 :, → !"#$%
&"'()$("(*$3
*7=' 'D0',/:R' ='B+:=/ 6+H 7,.H @' B'=A7=6'1 @H 7-=
?-/076'= /'=R:?' 'DB'=0/ 7= @H /B'?:+..H +-0<7=:T'1 B'=/7,/3
V+6+;' 07 0<' :,/0=-6',0 6+H 70<'=Y:/' ='/-.03
(#%&YZC' Y7-.1 .:X' 07 'DB='//.H '6B<+/:T' <'=' 0<+0 +,H
+1Q-/06',0/ ,70 1'/?=:@'1 :, 0<' &'*#+,*+-$ !+.-+($(),
?<+B0'= 6-/0 7,.H @' B'=A7=6'1 @H B'=/7,/ 'DB='//.H
+-0<7=:T'1 @H -/ 07 17 /73
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; :/ + B='?:/' 7B0:?+. :,/0=-6',0 Y<:?<
6+H @' :6B+:='1 :, :0/ A-,?0:7, 7= 'R', 1+6+;'1 @H :,'DB'=0
<+,1.:,;3
(#%& #$ ,#:&- /$.% .$%&>-*%&; .$ '%*$;
K<' :,0';=+0'1 B7Y'= -,:0 :/ -/'1 07 /-BB.H R7.0+;' 07 0<'
6:?=7/?7B' :..-6:,+0:7,U 0<' >D:7B<70 & W<707 671-.' +,1
0<' ?71'1 6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/3 K<' B7Y'= -,:0 6-/0 ,70
@' -/'1 07 /-BB.H R7.0+;' 07 70<'= 'D0'=,+. B7Y'= ?7,/-6:,;
1'R:?'/3 K<:/ ?+, .'+1 07 7R'=.7+1:,; +,1 1'/0=-?0:7, 7A 0<'
B7Y'= -,:03
[!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
3&$&-*4
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; :/ + -,:R'=/+. 6:?=7/?7B' Y<:?< :/
/-:0+@.' A7= +.. +BB.:?+0:7,/ ='.'R+,0 07 .:;<0 6:?=7/?7BH3 N0/
671-.+= 1'/:;,U ,-6'=7-/ ?76B7,',0/ +,1 Y:1' =+,;' 7A
+??'//7=:'/ +..7Y 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; 07 @' +1+B0'1 +,1
'D0',1'1 07 B'=A7=6 + .+=;' ,-6@'= 7A /B'?:+. +BB.:?+0:7,/3
K<'=' :/ B=+?0:?+..H ,7 A:'.1 7A +BB.:?+0:7, :, .:;<0 6:?=7/?7BH
A7= Y<:?< 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; ?+,,70 @' -/'13 a7Y'R'=U
-/'=/ Y:/<:,; 07 -0:.:T' 0<' 6707=:T'1 +,1 +-076+0:?
A-,?0:7,/ 7A >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; 6-/0 0+X' 0<:/ :,07 +??7-,0
Y<', ?<77/:,; 0<' @+/:? /0+,1 ?7,A:;-=+0:7,3 `7- Y:..
+.='+1H <+R' 6+1' 0<:/ 1'?:/:7, @'A7=' /0+=0:,; 07 ='+1 0<:/
6+,-+.3 !-0 Y' Y7-.1 ,'R'=0<'.'// .:X' 07 B7:,0 7-0 0<+0 0<'
?7,A:;-=+0:7, A7= Y<:?< H7- <+R' 7B0'1 6-/0 ,70 ,'?'//+=:.H
@' 0<' 1'A:,:0:R' 7,'3 NA H7- Y:/< 07 ?<+,;' H7-= @+/:?
?7,A:;-=+0:7, +0 + .+0'= 1+0'U 0<' B7//:@:.:0H 67/0 ?'=0+:,.H
'D:/0/3 P-= /B'?:+.:/0 /0+AA Y:.. @' B.'+/'1 07 B=7R:1' H7- Y:0<
+,H +1R:?' H7- 6+H ,''13
K<' +:6 7A 0<:/ 6+,-+. :/ 07 1'/?=:@' 0<' 6+,H B7//:@.'
A-,?0:7,/ 7A >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;3 a7Y'R'=U 0<' /<''= ,-6@'=
7A A-,?0:7,/ 7AA'='1 6+H /76'0:6'/ .'+1 07 + ?'=0+:, +67-,0
7A ?7,A-/:7,3 K<'='A7='U :A H7- <+R' +,H 17-@0/ ?7,?'=,:,;
0<' ?+B+@:.:0:'/ 7A H7-= >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;U B.'+/' ?7,0+?0
7-= /-@/:1:+=H 7= 7-=/'.R'/ 1:='?03 P-= +11='// +,1 0'.'B<7,'
,-6@'= +=' ;:R', 7, 0<' :,/:1' ?7R'= 7A 0<:/ 6+,-+.3
N, 0<' ?<+B0'= ',0:0.'1 /)"(0 H7- Y:.. A:,1 0<' R+=:7-/ @+/:?
R'=/:7,/ 7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; /0+,1/3 40+=0:,; Y:0< 0<'
6+,-+. R'=/:7,U 0<:/ ?<+B0'= 1'+./ Y:0< +.. /0+,1 A-,?0:7,/
+R+:.+@.'U -B 07 +,1 :,?.-1:,; 0<' /0+,1 A'+0-=:,; +..
6707=:T+@.' A-,?0:7,/ +,1 0<' .:;<0 6+,+;'=3
K<' ?<+B0'= &'*#+,*+-$ !+.-+($(), 1'/?=:@'/ 0<'
7B'=+0:,; A-,?0:7,/ Y:0< Y<:?< H7- H7-=/'.A ?+, 'I-:B 7=
'D0',1 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;3 ]70 +.. B+=0/ 1'/?=:@'1 0<'='
6-/0 @' B='/',0 7, 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;3 a7Y'R'=U :A H7-
+=' ?7,/:1'=:,; +11:,; /76' 7A 0<' ?76B7,',0/ 07 H7-=
?7,A:;-=+0:7,U 0<' ?7=='/B7,1:,; ?+0+.7; ,-6@'=/ +=' .:/0'13
K<' ?<+B0'= &'*#+,*+-1 2$*3('45$, B=7R:1'/ H7- Y:0< :,%
A7=6+0:7, 7, 0<' @+/:? /'00:,;/ 7A 0<' 6:?=7/?7B'U '3;3
cda95O :..-6:,+0:7, +1Q-/06',0U +,1 ?7,0+:,/ :,/0=-?0:7,/
?7,?'=,:,; 0<' 7B'=+0:7, 7A 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' A7= /B'?:A:? +B%
B.:?+0:7,/3
CTT-&9.*%.#$'
+?<=3 +?<=76+0:?
>9 :,?:1',0 .:;<0
+B.3 +B.+,+0:?
!= /-:0+@.' A7= 'H';.+// Y'+='=/ ^'H';.+//'/ ?+, @'
B.+?'1 1:='?0.H +;+:,/0 'H'B:'?'/_
F ?+6'=+
F%*7-,0 ?+6'=+ 67-,0
V 1:+6'0'= 7= ?7R'=;.+// 0<:?X,'//
V 1+=XA:'.1
VNF V:AA'=',0:+. :,0'=A'=',?' ?7,0=+/0
V9 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0
5%W. A.+0%A:'.1 'H'B:'?'/ Y:0< +/B<'=:? ?7=='?0:7,
CV Y7=X:,; 1:/0+,?'
Z. A.-7='/?',?'
A7? A7?-/+@.' 1:7B0'= ?76B',/+0:7, 7, 'H'B:'?'
A703 B<707;=+B<:?
ZK ?<=76+0:? @'+6 /B.:00'=
a>9 <+.7;', :..-6:,+07= 7= .+6B
a!P 6'=?-=H B='//-=' /<7=0 +=? .+6B
aV @=:;<0)1+=XA:'.1
a @=:;<0A:'.1
NF4 N,A:,:0H F7.7-=%?7=='?0'1 4H/0'6
c7== 67=='?0:7, 67-,0
9V .7,; Y7=X:,; 1:/0+,?'
9Z! .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6
*F 6:?=7/?7B' ?+6'=+
*W* 6:?=7/?7B' B<7076'0'=
]3>3 ,-6'=:?+. +B'=0-='
W B<7076'0=H
W< 2U &U J B<+/' ?7,0=+/0e 0<' ,-6@'=/ ='A'= 07 0<' 1:+6'0'=
7A 0<' =:,; /07B -/'1e Y:0< +, 7@Q'?0:R' Y:0< 0<'
1'/:;,+0:7, W< &U H7- -/' 0<' =:,; /07B Y:0< 0<'
?7=='/B7,1:,; 1'/:;,+0:7, W< &3
W7. B7.+=:T+0:7,
4Zf A:'.1 7A R:'Y ,-6@'=
4N /H/0'6 :,0';=+0:7,
49O /:,;.' .',/ ='A.'D
40'6: /0'='76:?=7/?7B'
4C Y=',?< /:T'
\V -,:R'=/+. =70+=H /0+;'
E+= E>O59 ?7,0=+/0
R:/3 R:/-+.
C%W. Y:1' +,;.' A.+0A:'.1
b!P D',7, /<7=0 +=? .+6B
f!5 :,0'=6'1:+0' :6+;' B.+,'
7
4
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
6/-,#'&
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; <+/ @'', 1'/:;,'1 +/ + -,:R'=/+. 6:%
?=7/?7B' +,1 ?+, @' -/'1 A7= +.. +='+/ 7A .:;<0 6:?=7/?7BHU B=7%
R:1'1 :0 :/ ?7,A:;-='1 +,1 'I-:BB'1 +BB=7B=:+0'.H3 V'B',1:,;
7, :0/ 'I-:B6',0U :0 :/ -/'1 :, 0<' A7..7Y:,; A:'.1/g
! 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0 6:?=7/?7BH
! :,?:1',0 .:;<0 6:?=7/?7BH
! A.-7='/?',?' 6:?=7/?7BH
! B<7076:?=7;=+B<H
! R:1'76:?=7/?7BH3
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; +./7 B'=A7=6/ 0<' ?7,0=+/0:,; 6'0<%
71/ :, 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0 +,1 :,?:1',0 .:;<0g
! 1+=XA:'.1
! B<+/' ?7,0=+/0
! B7.+=:T+0:7, ?7,0=+/0
! 1:AA'=',0:+. :,0'=A'=',?' ?7,0=+/03
*707=:T+@.' A-,?0:7,/ +,1 0<' ='?7;,:0:7, 7A ?71'1 6:?=7%
/?7B' ?76B7,',0/ -/'1 B'=6:0/ 0<' B'=A7=6+?' 7A +BB.:?+%
0:7,/ :, /-?< A:'.1/ +/ B=7?'// +-076+0:7, +,1 0'.'B+0<7.7;H3
a'='U 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' :/ ?7,0=7..'1 @H + /7A0Y+=' Y<:?< +?0:%
R+0'/ 0<' B=7;=+66+@.' F>]%!\4 +,1 O4 &J& :,0'=A+?'/3
a'='U 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' :/ ?7,0=7..'1 @H + @-:.0%:, 6:?=7B=7?'//7=
+,1 + ?7,0=7. /7A0Y+=' Y<:?< +?0:R+0'/ 0<' /0+,1+=1 :,0'=A+?'/
F>]%!\4 +,1 O4 &J& F :, B'=/7,+. ?76B-0'=/3
L$'%*44*%.#$ <#$;.%.#$'
! V-/0%A='' ',R:=7,6',0
! *+D:6-6 ='.+0:R' +:= <-6:1:0H MS h
! E:@=+0:7,%A='' Y7=X07B
4B'?:A:?+0:7,/ ?7,?'=,:,; B7Y'= /-BB.HU /07=+;' 0'6B'=+0-='
+,1 70<'= 0'?<,:?+. 1'0+:./ +=' ?7,0+:,'1 :, 0<' ?<+B0'=
',0:0.'1 2$*3('*"6 7")"3
=!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
89&-9.&: *$; "#$$&<%.#$'
K<' /0+,1 /<7Y, :, 0<' :..-/0=+0:7, :/ 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< + Y:1'
R+=:'0H 7A A-,?0:7,+. -,:0/3 N0 6+H 0<'='A7=' 1:AA'= A=76 0<'
/0+,1 H7- <+R' B-=?<+/'13 4<7-.1 H7- 0<'='A7=' /'' +,H
?76B7,',0/ :, 0<' 1=+Y:,; Y<:?< +=' ,70 B='/',0 7, H7-=
7Y, 6:?=7/?7B'U 0<:/ 17'/ ,70 6'+, 0<+0 H7- <+R' +,
:,?7=='?0 >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; ?7,A:;-=+0:7,3
4'00:,; +,1 +1Q-/06',0 7A ?'=0+:, ?76B7,',0/ +,1 671-.'/
7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; /76'0:6'/ ='I-:=' /B'?:+. 077./
Y<:?< +=' :,?.-1'1 :, 0<' 1'.:R'=H B+?X+;' 7A 0<' 6:?=7/?7B'3
K<:/ B+=0:?-.+=.H ?7,?'=,/ 0<' 4C J @+..%<'+1'1 /?='Y1=:R'=
+,1 0<' 4C 23S /?='Y1=:R'= A7= >..', <'+1 /?='Y/3
! 40+,1 ^@+/'_ Y:0< ?76B.'0' 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 :..-6:,+0:7,F F7,1',/'= Y:0< ?+==:'=1 40+;' Y:0< ?+==:'=5 P@Q'?0:R' ,7/'B:'?'[ O'A.'?07= 0-=='07 K-@'= 40+,1 ^-BB'= B+=0_ Y:0< ?76B.'0' :,?:1',0%.:;<0 :..-6:,+0:7,? 9+6B A7= :,?:1',0 .:;<0N 9+6B A7= 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0!A P])PZZ /Y:0?<
P.>2\! CD.#,4*$ F .0*>.$> ]0#%#-.R&;^Z
!
1
F
5
[
7
=?
N
!A
?
4
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
6/%%.$> .$%# 8,&-*%.#$
X$,*<_.$> *$; .$'%*44.$> %)& 0.<-#'<#,&
]7=6+..HU H7-= 6:?=7/?7B' :/ /-BB.:'1 ?76B.'0'.H +//'6@.'1
:, + /B'?:+..H 1'/:;,'1 ?7,0+:,'=3 K<' >D:7B<70 & W<707
671-.' +,1 0<' ,70'@77X ='I-:='1 A7= :0/ ?7,0=7.U B.-/ +,H
='I-:='1 :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@'/U +=' B+?X'1 /'B+=+0'.H3 K<'
0=+,/B7=0 ?7,0+:,'=/ :,?.-1' :,/0=-?0:7,/ A7= -,B+?X:,; 0<'
:,/0=-6',03
W.'+/' 6+X' /-=' 0<+0 H7- 7@/'=R' 0<' :,/0=-?0:7,/ ?7,0+:,'1
0<'=':,3
V-' 07 0<' ?76B.'D:0H 7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; +,1 0<'
,'?'//:0H 07 ',/-=' :0/ B'=A'?0 A-,?0:7,:,;U :0 Y:.. ;','=+..H @'
:,/0+..'1 +,1 /'0 -B 7, /:0' @H 7-= /'=R:?' B'=/7,,'.3
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; :/ <+,1'1 7R'= 07 H7- :, + /0+0' Y<:?<
Y:.. ',+@.' 0<' -/'=/ 07 +00+?< +.. 0<' :0'6/ .:/0'1 :, 0<'
&'*#+,*+-$ !+.-+($(), ?<+B0'= 0<'6/'.R'/3 K<'
B=7?'1-='/ ='I-:='1 +=' 1'/?=:@'13
N!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
6/%%.$> .$%# 8,&-*%.#$
P.>2\F CD.#,4*$ F .0*>.$> ].$'%-/0&$% T*<_^Z
! 47?X'0/ 7A 0<' :,0';=+0'1 B7Y'= -,:0 A7= 0<' 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0:..-6:,+0:7,
F K7;;.' /Y:0?< 07 ?<+,;' @'0Y'', 0=+,/6:00'1 +,1 :,?:1',0 .:;<0 1 47?X'0/ 7A 0<' :,0';=+0'1 B7Y'= -,:0 A7= 0<' :,?:1',0%.:;<0
:..-6:,+0:7,
5 47?X'0 A7= >D:7B<70 & W<707 671-.'[ 47?X'0 A7= :,/0=-6',0 B.-; ^.:,' R7.0+;'_7 F76B+=06',0 A7= :,/0=-6',0 A-/'/
!
F
1
[
5
7
@&%%.$> /, %)& 0.<-#'<#,&
K<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; 6:?=7/?7B' A'+0-='/ +, :,0';=+0'1
Y:1'%=+,;' B7Y'= -,:0 +,1 ?+, @' ?7,,'?0'1 07 .:,' R7.0+;'/
=+,;:,; A=76 2$$333&#$ E >FU S$ 333 L$ aT3 K<' Y:1'%=+,;'
B7Y'= -,:0 /'0/ :0/'.A +-076+0:?+..H 07 0<' +BB=7B=:+0' .:,'
R7.0+;'3
! F<'?X 0<+0 +.. ?7,,'?0'1 ?76B7,',0/ <+R' @'',
67-,0'1 ?7=='?0.H +,1 +=' /:00:,; B=7B'=.H3
! 4'0 P])PZZ /Y:0?< ^Z:;3"2)!A_ 07 B7/:0:7, 83
! F7,,'?0 B7Y'= -,:0 A:=/0 07 0<' :,/0=-6',0 +,1 0<', 07
0<' .:,'3
! *+X' 0<' 70<'= '.'?0=:?+. ?7,,'?0:7,/U /-?< +/ 6:?=7%
/?7B' :..-6:,+07=/U ?7,,'?0:,; ?+@.' 07 KE ?+6'=+U
>D:7B<70 &U ,70'@77XU '0?3
(#%&YZ>.. 0<' '.'?0=:?+. +,1 '.'?0=7,:? ?7,,'?0:7,/ 6-/0 @'
6+1' @'A7=' /Y:0?<:,; 7, 0<' :,/0=-6',0 /7 0<+0 0<'H ?+, @'
='?7;,:T'1 @H 0<' :,:0:+.:T+0:7, =7-0:,'/3
! 4'0 P])PZZ /Y:0?< 07 B7/:0:7, L3
K<:/ .+/0 /'00:,; /Y:0?<'/ 7, 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' +,1 6+X'/ :0
='+1H 07 -/' +A0'= +BB=7D3 2$ /3 C<', 0<' :,/0=-6',0 :/
'I-:BB'1 Y:0< 0<' .:;<0 6+,+;'=U 0<:/ .+/0 B7/:0:7, :/ /'03
! 4Y:0?< 7, ,70'@77X 7= WF ^:A ?7,,'?0'1_3
@:.%<).$> #++ %)& .$'%-/0&$%
! 4'0 P])PZZ /Y:0?< 07 B7/:0:7, 83
!A
4
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
@%*$;
>.. 0<' /0+,1 ?7,A:;-=+0:7,/ 1'/?=:@'1 :, 0<' A7..7Y:,; +='
-/-+..H 0+:.7='1 07 0<' ?-/076'=/ /B'?:+. ='I-:='6',0/3 Z7=
'D+6B.'U :0 :/ B7//:@.' 0<+0 0<' /0+,1 ?7,A:;-=+0:7, 1'.:R'='1
07 H7- :,?.-1'/ 7,.H :,?:1',0%.:;<0 7= A.-7='/?',?' 'I-:B6',0
+,1 0<+0 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 ?76B7,',0/ +=' 0<'='A7=' ,70
+R+:.+@.'3
K<' /+6' +BB.:'/ 07 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' ,7/'B:'?'U 7A Y<:?< /'R',
671'./ +=' +R+:.+@.'3
K<' A7..7Y:,; /0+,1 0HB'/ 'D:/0 A7= 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;g
! *+,-+. 0HB'
K<:/ /0+,1 ?+, 7,.H @' 7B'=+0'1 6+,-+..H3 *707=:T'1 +,1
?71+@.' A-,?0:7,/ ?+,,70 @' '+/:.H ='0=7A:00'13
! KHB' 5
\,.:X' 0<' 6+,-+. 0HB'U 0<:/ /0+,1 :/ 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< +,
'.'?0=7,:? /H/0'6 B'=6:00:,; +.. 0<' +BB=7B=:+0'.H B='%
B+='1 6:?=7/?7B' ?76B7,',0/ ^'D?'B0 0<' T%A7?-/:,;
1=:R'_ 07 @' 6707=:T'13 K<'/' A-,?0:7,/ ?+, +./7 @' '+/:.H
='0=7A:00'13
! *707=A7?-/ 0HB' ^*PK_
9:X' 0HB' 5U B.-/ 6707=:T'1 A7?-/:,; 'I-:B6',0
>/:1' A=76 0<'/' @+/:? 0HB'/ Y' +./7 -/' 0<' A7..7Y:,;
+@@='R:+0:7,/ :, 0<:/ 6+,-+.g
! 9*)5 0HB'
9:X' 0HB' 5U B.-/ +11:0:7,+. .:;<0 6+,+;'=
! 9*)*PK 0HB'
9:X' *707=A7?-/ 0HB'U B.-/ +11:0:7,+. .:;<0 6+,+;'=
\B;=+1:,; 07 :,?.-1' 6707=:T'1 A-,?0:7,/ :/ B7//:@.'U @-0
='I-:='/ 0<' /0+,1 0HB' 5 7= <:;<'=3
4<7-.1 H7- :,0',1 07 -B;=+1' H7-= 6:?=7/?7B' 07 :,?.-1'
6707=:T'1 A-,?0:7,/U B.'+/' ;'0 :, 07-?< Y:0< 0<' f':// /'=R:?'
1'B+=06',03 O'0=7A:00:,; :/ ,7=6+..H B7//:@.' Y:0<7-0
1:AA:?-.0H3
K<' ?76B7,',0/ 7A 0<' -BB'= /0+,1 B+=0 +=' +R+:.+@.' :, 0<'
A7..7Y:,; R'=/:7,/g
! ='A.'?07= 0-=='0g 6+,-+. 7= 6707=:T'1
! ,7/'B:'?'g 6+,-+.U
?71'1 7= 6707=:T'1
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?71'1 7= 6707=:T'1
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! 6'?<+,:?+. B+=0/ A7= /0+;' A7?-/:,;
K<' A7..7Y:,; 1'/?=:B0:7, 7A /0+,1/ /0+=0/ Y:0< 0<' 6+,-+.
671'.3 P, 0<:/ @+/:/U 7,.H 0<' 1:AA'=',?'/ +,1 +11:0:7,+.
A-,?0:7,/ +=' 1'/?=:@'1 A7= 0<' 70<'= /0+,1 671'./3
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0<' ?7,A:;-=+0:7, :..-/0=+0'1 :/ 1:AA'=',0 A=76 H7-= 7Y, >D:7%
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& W<707 671-.'U :A 67-,0'1U +,1 0<' 6707=:T'1 :,0'=,+.
?76B7,',0/3
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+;+:,/0 R7.0+;' A.-?0-+0:7,/ +,1 /-BB.:'/ +1Q-/0+@.' 13?3
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0<' /'0 R7.0+;' =+,;' +,1 0<' .:;<0 :,0',/:0H3
(#%&YZNA 0<' .:;<0 :,0',/:0H ?+,,70 @' +1Q-/0'1U B.'+/' ?<'?X
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1 8$`8++ ;.',4*G #+ <#4#- %&0,&-*%/-& _&G9:;<0/ -B Y<', 0<' ?7.7= 0'6B'=+0-=' 7A J&$$ c <+/ @'',
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5 "#4#- %&0,&-*%/-& _&G
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+ ;='', 95V .:;<0/ +@7R' 0<' X,7@3
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+=' +R+:.+@.'3 K<' Y<''./U Y<:?< A'+0-=' ?.:?X /07B/U +='
=70+0'1 :,07 B7/:0:7,3 K<' /'0 A:.0'=/ +=' 6+=X'1 7, 0<' Y<''./3
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!
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7 B*$/*4 +#</'.$> ;-.9&
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V:AA-/:7, 1:/X PZZ
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7A 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' :..-6:,+07=3
F! @%*>& <*--.&-
K<' /0+;' ?+==:'= :/ -/'1 07 67-,0 0<' /0+;' +,1 0<' ?7,%
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?+==:'= :/ ':0<'= A:D'1 07 0<' /0+,1 7= ='67R+@.'3 K<' ,7,%
=70+0:,; 6'?<+,:?+. /0+;' +,1 0<' /?+,,:,; /0+;' +=' A:D'1 07
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1 5 [
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P.>2\7 "#$;&$'&- <*--.&-
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F F+==:'= ;-:1+,?'1 a':;<0 +1Q-/06',0 ?7,0=7./ 7, @70< /:1'/5 F.+6B:,; /?='Y 07 A:D 0<' ?7,1',/'=[ F',0'=:,; /?='Y/ 7, @70< /:1'/7 P=:',0+0:7, ;=77R' A7= 0<' ?7,1',/'=
! F
5[7
1
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! C<', 0<' /0+;' :/ ?',0'='1U 0:;<0', 0<' /?='Y%7, ?+B3
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?.+6B:,; .'R'= ^[_3
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(#%&YZK7 ='67R' 0<' /0+;' ?+==:'=U .77/', 0<' ?.+6B:,; .'R'=
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7A R:'Y3
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?7,0=7.3
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(#%&YZV'B',1:,; 7, Y<:?< /0+;' ?+==:'= :/ 67-,0'1 ^A:D'1 7=='67R+@.'_U 0<' +BB=7B=:+0' /B'?:+. ?7,1',/'= ?+==:'= :/
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?7R'='1 Y:0< 1-/0 ?+B/3
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7,.H @' ='/'0 @H 7-= /'=R:?' /0+AA3
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R:'Y'13
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P.>2\N b*<_ #+ 0*$/*4 '%*$;J *4'# '&& P.>2 F
! F7,,'?0:,; 0-@' A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%:,?:1',0 .:;<0F E',0:.+0:7, /.70/1 47?X'0 A7= :,/0=-6',0 B.-;5 F7,,'?0:,; 0-@' A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0[ 47?X'0/ A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<07 K7;;.' /Y:0?< 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0):,?:1',0 .:;<0
= 47?X'0/ A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%:,?:1',0 .:;<0? 47?X'0 A7= >D:7B<70 & W<707 671-.'
!
F
1
5
[
7
=
?
b*<_ #+ 0*$/*4 '%*$;
c'H 07 Z:;3"( ^@+?X 7A 6+,-+. /0+,1_
! F7,,'?0:,; 0-@' A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%:,?:1',0 .:;<0 Y:0<
.7?X:,; /?='Y A7= 17R'0+:./ 07 A:D 0<' .+6B/
F E',0:.+0:7, /.70/ ^+.Y+H/ X''B ?.'+=e 6:,:6-6 1:/0+,?'g
2S ?6_
1 47?X'0/ A7= :,/0=-6',0 B.-; Y:0< :,0';=+0'1 ?76B+=0%
6',0 A7= :,/0=-6',0 A-/'/ ^?<+,;' 7A A-/'/ → ?<+B0'=
!"#$% &"'()$("(*$_
5 F7,,'?0:,; 0-@' A7= 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/%0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0U
Y:0< .7?X:,; /?='Y A7= 17R'0+:./ 07 A:D 0<' .+6B/
[ 47?X'0/ 7A 0<' :,0';=+0'1 B7Y'= -,:0 A7= a>9 2$$ ) 0=+,/%
6:00'1 .:;<0 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/
7 K7;;.' /Y:0?< 07 ?<+,;' @'0Y'', :,?:1',0 +,1 0=+,/6:0%
0'1 .:;<03
K<' /<7=0 1'.+H +A0'= H7- B-/< 0<' /Y:0?< <'.B/ B='R',0
H7- A=76 <-=0:,; H7-= 'H'/ :, 0<' -,'DB'?0'1 @=:;<0 .:;<03
= 47?X'0/ 7A 0<' :,0';=+0'1 B7Y'= -,:0 A7= a>9 2$$ :,?:1',0
.:;<0 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B/
? 47?X'0 A7= >D:7B<70 & W<707 671-.'
!=!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
@%*$;
P.>2\!A B#%#-.R&; '%*$;
! P])PZZ /Y:0?<F 4<-00'= /Y:0?< :,?:1',0 .:;<01 ['+= /Y:0?<7R'= 07 6707= A7?-/:,;5 K-=,:,; 07 0<' =:;<0 7A 0<' ?7,,'?0'1 6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/[ K-=,:,; 07 0<' .'A0 7A 0<' ?7,,'?0'1 6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/7 F7+=/')A:,' 1=:R' 7A A7?-/:,;= O+B:1 /0+;' .7Y'=:,; Fa>][5 ^7, @70< /:1'/ 7A 0<' /0+,1_? O+B:1 /0+;' .7Y'=:,; EN5C ^7, @70< /:1'/ 7A 0<' /0+,1_N 47?X'0 A7= ?7,,'?0:7, 7A 6707=:T'1 ?7,1',/'=/
!F15[7=?
N
@%*$; O`@%*$; 0#%
@,&<.*4.%.&'
! N,0';=+0'1 '.'?0=7,:? /H/0'6 :, 0<' /0+,1 @+/'
! *707= A7?-/:,; ^7,.H *PK /0+,1_
*+,-+. 7B'=+0:7, 7A 0<'/' /0+,1/ 1:AA'=/ 7,.H /.:;<0.H A=76 0<'
7B'=+0:7, 7A 0<' 6+,-+. /0+,13 K<' A7..7Y:,; 0<'='A7='
1'/?=:@'/ 7,.H 0<7/' /0+,1 A-,?0:7,/ Y<:?< 0<' :,/0=-?0:7,/
A7= 0<' 7B'=+0:7, 7A 0<' 6+,-+. /0+,1 17 ,70 ?7R'=3
K<' /0+,1 1'/?=:@'1 <'=' :/ 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< +.. 0<' +R+:.+@.'
6707=:T'1 +,1 ?71'1 A-,?0:7,/ +,1 6+H 0<'='A7=' 1:AA'= A=76
H7-= /0+,1 ?7,A:;-=+0:7,3
(#%&YZB.<-#'<#,& @#+%:*-&
476' 7A 0<' 6707=:T'1 A-,?0:7,/ 7A 0<' /0+,1/ ?+, 7,.H ^7=
+./7_ @' 7B'=+0'1 A=76 0<' WF R:+ 0<' /7A0Y+='3
Z7= + 1'/?=:B0:7, 7A 0<:/ A-,?0:7,U B.'+/' /'' → 0<' ?<+B0'=
&'*#+,*+-$ /+9):"#$3
K<' A7..7Y:,; ,-6@'=/ ='A'= 07 Z:;3"2$ ^6707=:T'1 /0+,1_3
! 8(`8PP ':.%<)
8 Instrument switched offL N,/0=-6',0 /Y:0?<'1 7,
Z7= ?<'?X:,; 0<' 7B'=+0:,; /0+0-/U 0<' /Y:0?< .:;<0/ -B ;='',
:, B7/:0:7, N ^A7= 6+.A-,?0:7,/ /'' → ?<+B0'= !"#$% &"'()$;
("(*$_3
C<', 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; :/ /Y:0?<'1 7,U ,70 7,.H 0<'
a>9 2$$ 6:?=7/?7B' .+6B :/ /-BB.:'1 Y:0< B7Y'=U @-0 +./7 0<'
>D:7B<70 & W<707 671-.'U ^:A :0 :/ +00+?<'1_U +,1 0<' 6707=%
:T'1 +,1 ?71'1 ?76B7,',0/3
(#%&YZ*707=:T'1 A7?-/:,; +,1 +.. 0<' 70<'= 6707=:T'1 7=
?71+@.' A-,?0:7,/ +=' 7,.H +R+:.+@.' Y<', 0<' :,/0=-6',0 :/
/Y:0?<'1 7,3
!?
4
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
@%*$;
F @)/%%&- ':.%<) .$<.;&$% 4.>)%
N, :,?:1',0%.:;<0 6:?=7/?7BH 7= Y<', -/:,; +, 'D0'=,+..H
/-BB.:'1 ;+/ 1:/?<+=;' .+6BU :0 6+H @' ,'?'//+=H 07 @.7?X 0<'
.:;<0 B+0< Y:0<7-0 /Y:0?<:,; 7AA 0<' .+6B3 > 6707=:T'1
/<-00'= :/ -/'1 A7= 0<:/U Y<:?< :,0'==-B0/ 0<' .:;<0 B+0< @H
/Y:,;:,; :, + 1:+B<=+;63
]7=6+..HU 0<' /<-00'= :/ 7B','1 +,1 0<' .+6B A7= 0=+,/6:00'1
.:;<0 0<'='A7=' /Y:0?<'1 7AA3
> /<7=0 B='// 7A /Y:0?< ^F_ @.7?X/ 0<' :,?:1',0 .:;<0 +,1 0<'
0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 :..-6:,+07= :/ /Y:0?<'1 7,3
NA H7- Y+,0 07 ?76@:,' 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 A.-7='/?',?' +,1
'B:%A.-7='/?',?' U B='// /Y:0?< ^F % /<-00'=_ A7= 67=' 0<+, & /3
K<' :,?:1',0%.:;<0 7= 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0 @'+6 B+0< ?+, 0<', @'
-/'13 W='//:,; /Y:0?< ^F_ +;+:, ='0-=,/ 07 0<' ?<+,;' 671'
@'0Y'', 0=+,/6:00'1 +,1 ='A.'?0'1 .:;<03
(#%&YZNA H7- /'' ,7 .:;<0 :, 0<' 0=+,/6:00'1 7= :,?:1',0 .:;<0
0'?<,:I-'U ?<'?X @H B='//:,; /Y:0?< ^F_ Y<'0<'= 0<' /<-00'=
:/ @.7?X:,; 0<' .:;<0 B+0<3
1 3&*- ':.%<)#9&- %# 0#%#- +#</'.$>W='//:,; 0<' /Y:0?< ?<+,;'/ A=76 ?7+=/' 07 A:,' 1=:R'U +,1 R:?'
R'=/+ ^Z:;3 2$)1_3
7 B#%#-.R&; +#</'.$> ;-.9&
Z7?-/:,; :/ 6+,-+. @H 6'+,/ 7A + ?7,0=7. X,7@ ^7, @70< /:1'/_
0<+0 +?0/ 7, +, '.'?0=7,:? ',?71'=3
K.++&-&$<&Y K7 ?<+,;' @'0Y'', ?7+=/' +,1 A:,' 1=:R'U 0<'
;'+= /Y:0?<7R'= ^Z:;3 2$)1_ 6-/0 @' 7B'=+0'13
5J [ H/-$.$> %# %)& 4&+% #- -.>)% #+ %)& <#$$&<%&;
0#%#-.R&; <#0,#$&$%' !"#$% &'(\/:,; 0<' X'H/ ^5_ +,1 ^[_ +00+?<'1 07 0<' =:;<0 +,1 .'A0 7A 0<'
/0+,1 H7- ?+, 7B'=+0' 0Y7 7A 0<' A7..7Y:,; 6707=:T'1
?76B7,',0/g
23 F7,1',/'= 0-=='0
&3 O'A.'?07= 0-=='0
J3 ]7/'B:'?'
c'H ^5_ 0-=,/ 0<' +BB=7B=:+0' ?7,0=7. '.'6',0 7A 0<' ?76B7%
,',0 07 0<' =:;<0U X'H ^[_ 07 0<' .'A03
5+?< 0:6' 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' :/ /Y:0?<'1 7,U 0<' 'D:/0',?' 7A
6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/ :/ j',I-:='1j +,1 ='?7=1'13 K<'
/Y:0?<:,; A-,?0:7, A7= 0<' A:=/0 0Y7 ?76B7,',0/ +R+:.+@.' :/
0<', +//:;,'1 07 X'H/ ^5_ +,1 ^[_ :, 0<' +@7R' /'I-',?'3
K<' A:=/0 ?76B7,',0 A7-,1 :/ +.Y+H/ +//:;,'1 07 0<' X'H/ 7,
0<' =:;<0 7A 0<' /0+,13 Z7= 'D+6B.'U :A H7-= :,/0=-6',0 :/
'I-:BB'1 Y:0< 0<' 6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/ 2 07 #U X'H/ ^5_ +,1
^[_ 7, 0<' =:;<0 Y:.. /Y:0?< 0<' ?7,1',/'= 0-=='0 +,1 0<' X'H/7, 0<' .'A0 /Y:0?< 0<' ='A.'?07= 0-=='03
=J ? W*,.; '%*>& 4#:&-.$> "SC(3O`ELOV
c,7@/ 7, @70< /:1'/ 7A 0<' /0+,1 A7= =+B:1 /0+;' .7Y'=:,; +,1
67R:,; :0 -B +;+:, :, 0<' B='R:7-/ B7/:0:7,3
@%*>& 4#:&-.$>
! W='// Fa>][5 X,7@ ^=_340+;' Y:.. @' .7Y'='13 K<' ?-==',0 A7?-/ /'00:,; :/ /07='13
C<', 0<' /0+;' :/ .7Y'='1U 6707=:T'1 A7?-/:,; @H A7?-/%
:,; 1=:R' :/ /Y:0?<'1 7AA3
B#9.$> '%*>& /,
! W='// EN5C X,7@ ^?_340+;' 67R'/ -B +,1 0<' /07='1 A7?-/ B7/:0:7, :/ B='?:/'.H
='/'03
K<' -/'=%A=:',1.H 1'/:;, 7A 0<:/ A-,?0:7, ',+@.'/ H7- 07
7B'=+0' 0<' Fa>][5)EN5C X'H/ Y:0< ':0<'= H7-= =:;<0 7=
H7-= .'A0 <+,13
W.'_ #+ .$a/-G *$; .$'%-/0&$% ;*0*>&
W.'+/' 17 ,70 :,/'=0 H7-= <+,1 7= +,H 7@Q'?0/
@'0Y'', 0<' /0+;' +,1 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' Y<', 0<'
/0+;' :/ 67R'1 -BY+=1/3 K<' /+6' +BB.:'/ 07 0<'
17Y,Y+=1 670:7,g :, 0<+0 ?+/'U 0<' /B+?'
@'0Y'', ?7,1',/'= +,1 /0+,1 @+/' :/ ='1-?'13
N @#<_&% +#- 0#%#-.R&; <#$;&$'&-'
!70< 0<' R7.0+;' /-BB.H +,1 0<' ?7,0=7. 7A 6707=:T'1 ?7,%
1',/'=/ :/ 6+1' R:+ 0<:/ /7?X'03
! 4Y:0?< 7AA >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;
! >00+?< ?7,1',/'= 07 ?7,1',/'= ?+==:'=
! F7,,'?0 B.-; 7A 0<' ?7,1',/'= ?+@.' Y:0< /7?X'0 ^N_ 7,
/0+,1 @+/'3
(#%&YZC<', 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; :/ /Y:0?<'1 7,U
:,/0=-6',0 :,:0:+.:T+0:7, :/ B'=A7=6'1 07 +..7Y ='?7;,:0:7, 7A
0<' ?7,,'?0'1 671-.'/3 K<:/ 6'+,/ 0<+0 0<' /H/0'6 ?+,,70
='?7;,:T' +,H 671-.'/ Y<:?< +=' ?7,,'?0'1 *+%&- 0<' >D:7%
B.+, & :6+;:,; <+/ @'', /Y:0?<'1 7,3
NA 0<' ?7,1',/'= :/ 07 @' +?0:R+0'1 R:+ 0<' *:?=7/?7B' ?7,0=7.U
:0 6-/0 @' +?0:R+0'1 R:+ 0<' 4'0-B B=7;=+6
^→ .'*#+,*+-$ *+()#+6 ,+9):"#$_3
"CXHL8(Q
!N!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
@%*$;
P.>2\!! b*<_ #+ 0#%#-.R&; '%*$;
! F>] @-/%2 ?7,,'?07=F F>] @-/%& ?7,,'?07=1 KE ?7,,'?07= ^:,B-0_5 N6B'1+,?' /Y:0?<:,; A7= KE B7=0[ F7,,'?07= A7= PB07R+= ) T776 :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@'7 O4 &J& F :,0'=A+?'= 45K B=7;=+66:,; X'H
! F 1 5 [
7
=
b*<_ #+ '%*$; O`B8H
! "C( T/'U! <#$$&<%#-
Z7= ?7,,'?0:7, 7A 0<' >D:7B<70 & B<707 671-.'3
F "C( T/'UF <#$$&<%#-
K<'/' :,0'=A+?'/ B'=6:0 +?0:R+0:7, 7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;
R:+ + F>] @-/3 ]7=6+..HU 0<' /:;,+./ A=76 + WF % Y<:?< 6-/0
@' 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< +, +BB=7B=:+0' 1=:R'= @7+=1 ^F>] @-/ :,0'=%
A+?'_ % +=' 0=+,/A'=='1 07 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; +,1 ='+1 7AA
A=76 0<'='3 K<' /'?7,1 ?7,,'?07= +./7 +..7Y/ ?+/?+1:,;3 K<:/
',+@.'/ /'R'=+. /'=:'/%/Y:0?<'1 :,/0=-6',0/ 07 @' +?0:R+0'1 @H
+ WF3
K<' ?7,0=7. ?766+,1/ A7= B=7;=+66:,; .+,;-+;'/ -,1'=
CN]VPC4K* +=' B=7R:1'1 @H V99/ ^VH,+6:? 9:,X 9:@=+=:'/_3
Z7= 1'0+:./U B.'+/' /'' → 0<' ?<+B0'= <()$#9"*$ 7$,*#'-)'+( 7=
;'0 :, 07-?< Y:0< 7-= /'=R:?' 1'B+=06',03
[ "#$$&<%#- +#- 8,%#9*-k` kR##0 .$%&-0&;.*%& %/T&
K<' :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@' ^?71'1 7= 6707=:T'1_ :,/0+..'1 :/ ?7,%
,'?0'1 07 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' R:+ 0<:/ ?7,,'?07= -/:,; 0<' ?+@.'
/-BB.:'13
FA
4
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
@%*$;
7 W@ F1F " .$%&-+*<&
K<' :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@' ^?71'1 7= 6707=:T'1_ :,/0+..'1 :/ ?7,%
,'?0'1 07 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' R:+ 0<:/ ?7,,'?07= -/:,; 0<' ?+@.'
/-BB.:'13
= 6-#>-*00.$> _&G ]@OH^
K<:/ X'H 7,.H A-,?0:7,/ :, ?7,Q-,?0:7, Y:0< 0<' .:;<0 6+,+;'=
1'/?=:@'1 .+0'=3
! > /<7=0 B='// 7A 0<' 45K B=7;=+66:,; X'H ^l J /_ /07='/ 0<'
?-==',0 /'00:,;/ 7A 0<' A7..7Y:,; 6:?=7/?7B' B+=0/U
B=7R:1'1 0<'H +=' +1Q-/0+@.' @H 6707= 7= '.'?0=7,:?+..H
='+1+@.'g
! +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 A7= 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0
! .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 A7= 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0
! :,?:1',0%.:;<0 +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6
! A:.0'= Y<''./
! ?7,1',/'= A=7,0 7B0:?/
^7,.H Y:0< -/' 7A +?<=76+0:? 6707=:T'1 1-+. ?7,1',%
/'= $3SU ##SJ#2%$$$$%$$$U 0<' /7%?+..'1 B+0<7.7;H
?7,1',/'= 6703_
P,' /'B+=+0' /07=+;' :/ B7//:@.' A7= '+?< B7/:0:7, 7A 0<' ,7/'%
B:'?'3
K<' /07='1 /'00:,;/ +=' +-076+0:?+..H +?0:R+0'1 Y<', 0<'
='/B'?0:R' B7/:0:7,/ 7A 0<' ,7/'B:'?' +=' +17B0'13
K<' /07='1 R+.-'/ +=' ='0+:,'1 +A0'= H7- /Y:0?< 7AA 0<'
:,/0=-6',03
NA H7- <+R' ?<+,;'1 0<' /'00:,;/ 7A 0<' ?-==',0 B7/:0:7, +,1
,7Y Y:/< 07 ?+.. 0<' /07='1 /'00:,;/U +.. H7- <+R' 07 17 :/ 0-=,
0<' ,7/'B:'?' A-=0<'= +,1 0<', ='0-=, :0 07 0<' B='R:7-/
B7/:0:7,3
(#%&YZ8,%#9*- *$; R##0 .$%&-0&;.*%& %/T& NA H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 +, PB07R+= :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@' 7, H7-=
>D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;U :0/ 9:;<0 *+,+;'=/ /'00:,;/ ^A:'.1 /07B
+,1 A:.0'= Y<''./_ +=' +./7 /07='1 1'B',1:,; 7, 0<' B7/:0:7,
7A 0<' 6707=:T'1 7@Q'?0:R' ,7/'B:'?'3
K<' 6:?=7/?7B' /7A0Y+=' ?+, @' -/'1 07 /07=' /'R'=+. /'00:,;/
A7= '+?< 67-,0 7A 0<' ,7/'B:'?'3 K<' /'00:,;/ +=' /07='1 @H
0<' B=7;=+6 :, B+=+6'0'= A:.'/ +,1 +=' ?+..'1 Y:0< 0<'/'
+;+:,3
K<' 6:?=7/?7B' /7A0Y+=' ?+, @' -/'1 07 /07=' /'R'=+. /'00:,;/
A7= '+?< 67-,0 7A 0<' ,7/'B:'?'3 K<' /'00:,;/ +=' /07='1 @H
0<' B=7;=+6 :, B+=+6'0'= A:.'/ +,1 +=' ?+..'1 Y:0< 0<'/'
+;+:,3
"#;&; 0.<-#'<#,& ,*-%'
E+=:7-/ 671-.'/ 7A 0<' >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; +,1 /76'
+11:0:7,+. 6:?=7/?7B' ?76B7,',0/ ?+, @' ?71'13
F71:,;/ :/ @','A:?:+. Y<', 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' /7A0Y+=' :/ -/'13
K<' /7A0Y+=' ?+, ='?7;,:T' ?71'1 B+=0/ 7A 0<' 6:?=7/?7B'
+,1 1:/B.+H 0<':= B7/:0:7, 7= /0+0-/U 'R', :A 0<' B+=0/ :,R7.R'1
+=' ,70 6707=:T'13 Z7= 'D+6B.'U A:.0'= Y<''./ 7= :,0'=6'1:+0'
0-@'/ ?+, @' ?71'1 Y:0<7-0 @':,; 6707=:T'13 N, 0<:/ ?+/'U 0<'
/7A0Y+=' Y7-.1 ='?7=1 +,1 1:/B.+H + 6+,-+. ?<+,;' 7A 0<'
A:.0'= 7= 7B07R+=)T776 B7/:0:7,3 a7Y'R'=U 0<' 6:?=7/?7B'
/7A0Y+=' 6-/0 @' +BB=7B=:+0'.H ?7,A:;-='1 :A :0 :/ 07 ='?7;,:T'
0<' ?71'1 B7/:0:7,/3
K<' ?7,A:;-=+0:7, :/ B'=A7=6'1 Y:0< 0<' +:1 7A + /'0-B B=7%
;=+6 1'.:R'='1 Y:0< 0<' :,/0=-6',03 ]7=6+..HU 0<' /'0-B
B=7;=+6 <+/ +.='+1H @'', :6B.'6',0'1 :, 0<' A+?07=H B=:7=
07 1'.:R'=H 7A >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,;3
(#%&YZOI/.,,.$> %)& $#'&,.&<&
K<' 6:?=7/?7B' /7A0Y+=' 6-/0 @' /0+=0'1 R:+ 0<' WF @'A7='
0<' ,7/'B:'?' :/ A:00'1 Y:0< 7@Q'?0:R'/ ^,7=6+..HU 0<' ,7/'%
B:'?' :/ A:00'1 Y:0< 7@Q'?0:R'/ :, 0<' A+?07=H +/ 7=1'='1_3 Z:0 0<'
,7/'B:'?' 67-,0/ Y:0< 0<' 7@Q'?0:R'/ 1:/B.+H'1 A7= 0<'/'
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A=76 2$$ 333 &#$ E >FU S$ 333 L$ aT3 K<' Y:1'p=+,;' B7Y'=
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! O'%+00+?< .+6B <7-/:,;3
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:03
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:, A7?-/3
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0<' -BB'= B+=0 7A 0<' 'H'B:'?' -,0:. /07B3 a7.1 0<'
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='A'=',?' 07 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' :, 0<' @'+6 B+0< +,1 /07='1
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'DB7/-=' 7A 0<' 1+0+ _U 0<' A:.6 :/ +-076+0:?+..H +1R+,?'1 07
0<' ,'D0 A=+6'3 K<' 6'?<+,:?+. ?7-,0'= ^!_ 7A 0<' A:.6
?+//'00' 1:/B.+H/ 0<' ?-==',0 A=+6' ,-6@'=3 C<', 0<' ',1 7A
A:.6 :/ ='+?<'1U 0<' A:.6 +1R+,?' 6707= :/ /<-0 17Y,e 0<'
.'A0p<+,1 1:/B.+H Y:,17Y 7A 0<' ?7,0=7. ?7,/7.' /<7Y/ 0<'
6'//+;' PLMB O(K3
W&:.$;.$> %)& +.40
PB'=+0:,; /.:1'= jOj ^1_ +-076+0:?+..H ='Y:,1/ 0<' A:.6U 0<'
5]V 1:/B.+H @.:,X/3
>A0'= -,.7+1:,; 0<' A:.6U 0<' /.:1'= jOj :/ +-076+0:?+..H /'0 07
0<' ,7=6+. A:.6 +1R+,?' B7/:0:7, Y<', 0<' ?+6'=+ @+?X :/
+00+?<'13
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7A 0<' /0+,1+=1 @+?X ^N_3 K<' A:.6 ?+//'00' Y:0< 1+0+ @+?X :/
0<', +00+?<'1 +/ -/-+.3
! *'?<+,:?+. ?7-,0'=F 5Q'?0 X'H1 4.:1'= A7= A:.6 ='Y:,1:,;5 F76B+=06',0 A7= A:.6 ?+=0=:1;'[ F+=0=:1;' <7.1'=7 97?X A7= @+?X 7A ?+//'00'= c,-=.'1 =:,;? K+X'%-B =''.N !+?X 7A ?+//'00'!A V+0+ @+?X A7= A:.6 ?+//'00'!! F7,0=7. Y:,17Y
P.>2\5A 1[ 00 B#% +.40 <*''&%%&
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A7= -,:R'=/+. ?+6'=+ @+?X/ +=' /.:1 @'<:,1 0<' .+=;'%A7=6+0
;=7-,1;.+// Y<:?< ?+, @' .:A0'1 Y:0< .'R'= ^!_3 K7 0+X' 7AA 0<'
;=7-,1;.+//g
! W='// ^F_ +,1 67R' :0 07 0<' =:;<0e 67-,0 +??7=1:,;.H3
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1:/?-//:7, ;=7-B/U B=7R:1'1 0<'=' :/ /-AA:?:',0 .:;<0g
K<:/ ='I-:='/ 0<+0 H7- B'=A7=6 0<' A7..7Y:,; /0'B/ :, 0<'
6)#%# B=7;=+6 671-.'g
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c,-=.'1 /?='Y ^5_ A7= 0<' B7/:0:7,:,; 7A 1+0+ 7, 1:AA'=',0 A:.6
A7=6+0/ @'?76'/ R:/:@.' +0 0<' .7Y'= =:;<0 +A0'= ='67R+. 7A 0<'
;=7-,1;.+// ^7_3 F7,0=7. 7A B7/:0:7,:,; 7, 0<' ;=7-,1;.+//
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^N_ 671-.'g
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! N,/'=0 67-,0:,; =:,; ^!_ A7= #DSj ?+6'=+ :,07 0<' 7B',:,;
:, /-?< + Y+H 0<+0 0<' ,70?<'/ ^F_ B7:,0 07Y+=1/ 0<' -/'=
+,1 0:;<0', :0 -/:,; 0<' J /?='Y/ ^=_3
! 977/', ?.+6B:,; /?='Y ^?_ +0 #DSj ?+6'=+ +,1 67R' 0<'?+6'=+ 07 0<' ='1 1703
! O'67R' B=70'?0:7, ?+B3 >00+?< #DSj ?+6'=+ +,1 6+X'
/-=' 0<+0 0<' 7B0:?+. /H/0'6 'D+?0.H A:0/ 0<' 67-,03
! 4Y:,; ?.+6B:,; /?='Y ^?_ 07 0<' =:;<0 +,1 0:;<0', :03
@&<#$; HE <*0&-*
N,/0'+1 7A 0<' #DSj ?+6'=+U + /'?7,1 KE ?+6'=+ ?+, @'
67-,0'1 +/ A7..7Y/g
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/?='Y/3
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KE ?+6'=+ F &)Jje KE +1+B0'= $3LJD ^#SL2$8%$$$$%$$$_
07 ?7,,'?0 KE ?+6'=+ F 2)&j +,1 KE +1+B0'= $3S$D
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! > JF%FKE ?+6'=+ ?+,,70 @' ?7,,'?0'1 07 0<:/ B7=03
! K<' ?+6'=+ A+?07= 7A 0<' KE ?+6'=+ :/ 7@0+:,'1 @H 6-.0:%
B.H:,; 0<' A+?07= 7A 0<' KE ?+6'=+ @H &3S3
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P.>2\5F B#/$%.$> %)& 5D[g 4*->&U+#-0*% <*0&-*
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@'+6 B+0<3
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07 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' /.:1'3
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X,-=.'1 =:,; ^1_ 7A 0-=='0 1:/X 07 ?.7/' +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6
07 +BB=7D3 <+.A :0/ /:T'3
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7A 0<' .:;<0 Y:.. @' 1:='?0'1 07 0<' @:,7?-.+= 0-@' :A 0<' B-/<%
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'H'B:'?' /07B_ Y:0< '+?< 'H'3
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B:'?'/ 0-@'/ 07 H7-= WV3
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($(),% D1$-'$*$,% -"=$ BC_3
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671'=+0'.H3 N0 Y:.. 0<', +BB'+= -,/<+=B :, 0<' :6+;' ^C_3
! Z7?-/ 0<' 1:+B<=+;6 :6+;' ^b_ @H .7Y'=:,; 0<' ?7,%1',/'= /.:;<0.H Y:0< ^7_3
! \/' ?',0'=:,; /?='Y/ ^5_ 7A 0<' ?7,1',/'= 07 67R' 0<'
1:+B<=+6 :6+;' 07 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y ^"_3
! PB', .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 7, X,-=.'1 =:,; ^[_ -,0:.
:0 Q-/0 1:/+BB'+=/ A=76 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y ^K_3! ]7Y +1Q-/0 0<' ?7,0=+/0 Y:0< 0<' +:1 7A 0<' +B'=0-='
1:+B<=+;6 ^1_ 07 /-:0 0<' ,''1/ 7A 0<' /B'?:6', @':,; 'D%
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7AA 7, 0<' /?+.' 7A 0<' ?7,1',/'=3
(#%&Y NA H7- +=' ,70 ?'=0+:, <7Y 6-?< 07 /07B 17Y,U B=7?''1+/ A7..7Y/g A7= 7@Q'?0/ 1:/B.+H:,; 671'=+0' ?7,0=+/0U +BB=7D3
&)J 7A 0<' 'D:0 B-B:. 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' /<7-.1 @' :..-6:,+0'1 ^O_
^'H'B:'?' ='67R'1_ -/:,; 0<' +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 ^1_3
5R'=H 7@Q'?0:R' ?<+,;' +./7 ?<+,;'/ 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y +,1 0<'
7@Q'?0:R' +B'=0-='U :3 '3 0<' +@7R' B=7?'1-=' 6-/0 @' ='B'+%
0'13
! C<', + .7Y%B7Y'= 7@Q'?0:R' :6+;'/ 67=' 0<+, 0<' ?7,%
1',/'= ?+, :..-6:,+0'U /Y:,; 0<' ?7,1',/'= A=7,0 7B0:?/
7-0 7A B7/:0:7, R:+ 0<' .'R'= +,1 .7Y'= :0U :A ='I-:='13
! NA H7-= 6:?=7/?7B' A'+0-='/ + .:;<0 6+,+;'=U 0<' :..-6:,+%
0:7, :/ /'0 +-076+0:?+..H3 `7- ?+, /07=' 0<' 6:?=7/?7B' /'0%
0:,; R:+ 0<' 45K X'H ^→ /)"(0% E'=3) &"("=$#_3
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7=1'= +,:6+./_ +=' ?.'+=.H R:/:@.'3
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R:'Y3
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0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 ?+, 7,.H @' /'', :, +='+/ Y<'=' B+=0:?.'/
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B=71-?' -,:A7=6 R:;,'00:,; 7, 0<' -BB'= +,1 .7Y'=
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7-0/:1' 0<' 7@Q'?0 A:'.13
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! C<', /Y:0?<:,; 07 ,'D0 <:;<'/0 7@Q'?0:R' 6+;,:A:?+0:7,
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:..-6:,+0'1 Y:0<7-0 ='A.'?0:7,/3 >1Q-/0 0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1
1:+B<=+;6 -,0:. 0<' :6+;' @+?X;=7-,1 :/ 7B0:6+..H 1+=X3
C:0< <:;<'= 7@Q'?0:R' 6+;,:A:?+0:7,/ -B 07 &$DU +1Q-/0 0<'
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/'00:,;3
! K<:/ :..-6:,+07= ?+, +./7 @' -/'1 A7= @=:;<0A:'.1 @H
/Y:,;:,; 7-0 0<' 1'A.'?0:7, 6:==7= R:+ /?='Y ^[_3
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! P@Q'?0:R'F F7,1',/'=1 V:+B<=+;6 =:,;5 F',0'=:,; /?='Y/[ !'=0=+,1 .',/7 !'=0=+,1 .',/ +1Q-/06',0 .'R'=
+1Q-/0'1 B<+/' =:,;/
!
F
15
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X'&Y
K<'/' 0'?<,:I-'/ +=' -/'1 A7= -,/0+:,'1 /B'?:6',/ :, B+=0:?%
-.+= :, 7=1'= 07 ',<+,?' 0<':= ?7,0=+/03
C;;.%.#$*4 &I/.,0&$%
! P@Q'?0:R'/ ^!_ 1'/:;,+0'1 W<3 K<'/' ?+, +./7 @' -/'1 A7=
@=:;<0A:'.13
! > ?7,1',/'= ^F A'+0-=:,; W< B7/:0:7,/3
C;;.%.#$*4 *;a/'%0&$%
K<' B<+/' =:,;/ :, 0<' R+=:7-/ 7@Q'?0:R'/ +=' 7A 1:AA'=',0 /:T'/
+,1 6+=X'1 W<2U W<& +,1 W< J 7, 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' ^!_3 K<' 0-=='0
@'+=/ 0<' /+6' 1'/:;,+0:7,/U '3;3 W< 23
! F76@:,' 0<' 1'/:;,+0:7, 7, 0<' 0-=='0 1:/X Y:0< 0<' ?7=%
='/B7,1:,; 7@Q'?0:R'/3
W'=A'?0 B<+/' ?7,0=+/0 :/ 7,.H 7@0+:,'1 :A 0<' ^1+=X_ =:,; :, 0<'
7@Q'?0:R' +,1 0<' ^@=:;<0_ =:,; :, 0<' ?7,1',/'= 'D+?0.H
?7:,?:1'3
K<' !'=0=+,1 .',/ /.:1'= ^[_ B=7R:1'/ 67=' ?7,R',:',0 R:'Y:,;
7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' B-B:.U '/B'?:+..H Y:0< B<+/' /07B ?',0'=:,;3
! 977/', /?='Y ^Z:;3"JM)[_ R:/:@.' 7, 0<' A=7,0 7A 0<'
/0+,1-/:,; >..', X'H 4CJ -,0:. 0<' /.:1'= ?+, @' :,/'=0'1
+,1 0:;<0', :0 +;+:, -,0:. 0<' /07B/ @'?76' 'AA'?0:R'3
! C<', 67R'1 07 0<' .'A0U 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/U A7?-/'1 R:+ +
.'R'= ^7_U :/ 'AA'?0:R'3
^F<'?X:,; Y:0<7-0 0<:/ +00+?<6',0 :/ +./7 B7//:@.' Y:0< 0<'
'H'B:'?' ='67R'1U :, 0<' /+6' Y+H +/ A7= 0<' ?7,1',/'=
1:+B<=+;6_3
NA 0<' ?',0=+0:7, :/ ,70 B'=A'?0 ^0<' 0Y7 =:,;/ 6-/0 ?7:,?:1' +/
/<7Y, :, Z:;3"#S_ 0<:/ ?+, @' ?7=='?0'1 @H -/:,; ?',0'=:,;
/?='Y/ ^5_ +,1 4C 23S X'H3 K<:/ 0HB' 7A ?',0=+0:7, :/ /-:0+@.'
A7= +.. ?7,1',/'=/ 1'/:;,'1 A7= B<+/' ?7,0=+/03
K<' ?',0=+0:7, ='6+:,/ -,?<+,;'1 Y<', 0<' ?7,1',/'= 1:/X
:/ 0-=,'1 7= ?<+,;'1U +,1 'R', :A 0<' ',0:=' ?7,1',/'= :/
='%67R'13
K7 ',<+,?' 0<' ?7,0=+/0U + ;='', A:.0'= ?+, @' 67R'1 :,07 0<'
=+H B+0< ':0<'= R:+ 0<' A:.0'= Y<''. 7= B.+?'1 7, 0<' .:;<0 'D:0
^0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0_ 7= 0<' ?7.7= ;.+// ?+==:'=3
(#%&Y *'0:?-.7-/.H ?.'+, ;.+//%07%+:= /B'?:6', /-=A+?'/
^A:,;'=B=:,0/_ +=' 7A ;='+0'= :6B7=0+,?' :, B<+/' ?7,0=+/0 0<+,
:, @=:;<0A:'.13 V:+B<=+;6 =:,; ^1_ 7A 0<' ?7,1',/'= <+/ ,7
A-,?0:7,U /:,?' 0<' W< 7B',:,;/ 17 ,70 ?7,0+:, :=:/
1:+B<=+;6/3 K<' 1:+B<=+;6/ :, 0<' W< B7/:0:7,/ 7A 0<'
?7,1',/'= +=' B+=0 7A 0<' A=7,0 7B0:?/ Y:0< Y<:?< 0<'
?7,1',/'= Y+/ /-BB.:'1e :A 0<' A=7,0 7B0:?/ +=' ?<+,;'1U 70<'=
1:+B<=+;6/ +=' ='I-:='13
7=
1415
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! Z7= -,/0+:,'1 /B'?:6',/ Y<:?< +=' 077 0<:?X A7= B<+/'
?7,0=+/0 'D+6:,+0:7,U Y:0< 0<' ='/-.0 0<+0 .+H'=/ 7A 0<'
/B'?:6', 7-0/:1' 0<' A7?+. B.+,' :6B+:= 0<' ?.+=:0H 7A 0<'
:6+;'3
! NA 0<' <+.7 0HB:?+. 7A B<+/' ?7,0=+/0 :6B+:=/ 0<' 7@/'=R+%
0:7, 7A /6+.. 1'0+:./ :, 0<' /B'?:6',3
C;;.%.#$*4 &I/.,0&$%
! ,7=6+..H W.+,%]'7A.-+= 7@Q'?0:R'/U
! + /B'?:+. ,7/'B:'?' ^1_ Y:0< /.70/ ^5_ A7= 67-,0:,; 0<' VNF
/.:1'=/U
! VNF /.:1'= ^[_ /<7Y:,; 7, :0/ /-=A+?' 0<' 6+;,:A:?+0:7, +,1
+B'=0-=' 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' A7= Y<:?< :0 :/ :,0',1'13 N,/'=0
VNF /.:1'= :, /.70 ^5_ -,0:. 0<' ?.:?X /07B :/ ='+?<'13! + ?7,1',/'= 0-=='0 ^N_ Y:0< VNF B7/:0:7,/U
! + B7.+=:T'= ^?_ Y<:?< :/ /Y-,; :,07 B7/:0:7, @','+0< 0<'
?7,1',/'= +,1
! +, +,+.HT'= /.:1'= ^!_ Y<:?< :/ :,/'=0'1 7, 0<' =:;<0 /:1' 7A
0<' -BB'= /0+,1 B+=03
P.>2\57 B.<-#'<#,& <#$+.>/-*%.#$ +#- K.++&-&$%.*4 L$%&-+&-&$<& "#$%-*'%Z
! >,+.HT'= /.:1'=F !'=0=+,1 .',/ /.:1'=1 ]7/'B:'?'5 4.70 A7= VNF /.:1'=[ VNF /.:1'=7 c,-=.'1 /?='Y= W7.+=:T'=? F7,1',/'= 0-=='0N F76B',/+07=!A F76B',/+07= ?76B+=06',0
!
F
1
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^7= &_ VNF B7/:0:7,/U 6+=X'1 NU NNU NNNU /-:0+@.' A7= ?76@:,+0:7,
Y:0< 0<' +BB=7B=:+0'.H 6+=X'1 VNF /.:1'=/3
K<:/ B'=6:0/ 0<' A7..7Y:,; ?76@:,+0:7,/g
]TX7.2&C7 !"# $0'&2&05
,'HR'A$' LBC B 6.2792:95 :900128
*'HR'A#'LBC BB 6.2792:95 :900128
"'HR'A%#LBC BB 6.2792:95 :900128
F:F344S #"'H LBC BBB 6.2792:95 :900128
\,.:X' 0<' W< B7/:0:7,/U 0<' VNF B7/:0:7,/ +=' B=7R:1'1 Y:0<
+, :=:/ 1:+B<=+;6 ^!A_3 PB', 0<:/ ?76B.'0'.H +0 A:=/03 K7
',<+,?' ?7,0=+/0U :0 ?+, 0<', @' ?.7/'1 /.:;<0.HU 0<:/ ;','=+..H
@':,; 0<' .+/0 /0+;' :, 0<' +1Q-/06',0 ^/'' +./7 jcda95O
:..-6:,+0:7,jU B+;' LJ_3
PB0:6-6 ?7,0=+/0 :/ /'0 @H -/:,; 0<' X,-=.'1 /?='Y ^=_ 7A 0<'
VNF /.:1'=/ ^7_ :, 0<' ,7/'B:'?'3
! 4Y:,; :, 0<' VNF%/-:0+@.' 7@Q'?0:R' R:+ 0<' ,7/'B:'?'3 N,%
/'=0 0<' +BB=7B=:+0' VNF /.:1'= :,07 0<' ,7/'B:'?'
?76B+=06',0 -,0:. ?.:?X%/07B3
! 4Y:,; :, 0<' VNF +,+.HT'= 671-.' 7, 0<' ='A.'?07=3
! 4Y:,; :, 0<' /-:0+@.' VNF B=:/6 NU NN 7= NNN ^,-6@'= R:/:@.' 7,
0<' ?7,1',/'= 0-=='0 1:/X_3 ]7 A-=0<'= /0'B/ +=' ='I-:='1
:A + ?7,1',/'= Y:0< :,0';=+0'1 B7.+=:T+0:7, A:.0'= ^'3;3
##S#J(%$$$$%$$$_ :/ -/'13 P0<'=Y:/'U + B7.+=:T+0:7, A:.%
0'= 6-/0 @' :,/'=0'1 @'.7Y 0<' ?7,1',/'=3
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45]>O*P]K B7.+=:T'=U ?7,/:/0:,; 7A + ?+==:'= Y:0< ")# B.+0'
^+@7R'_ +,1 + =70+=H B7.+=:T'= ^@'.7Y_U :/ -/'1g
! N,/'=0 45]>O*P]K B7.+=:T'= @'.7Y 0<' ?7,1',/'= -,0:.
?.:?X%/07B3
! 4'0 .-6:,7-/%A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 +,1 +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 :,
+??7=1+,?' Y:0< 0<' =-.'/ 7A cs<.'= :..-6:,+0:7,3
! 4'0 7B0:6-6 ?7,0=+/0 -/:,; 0<' X,-=.'1 /?='Y 7, 0<' VNF
/.:1'=3 C<', 0<' VNF /.:1'= :/ 67R'1 /H66'0=:?+..H +=7-,1
:0/ ?',0'= B7/:0:7,U /B'?:6', 1'0+:./ ?+, @' 1:/B.+H'1 :,
JV :, /-?< + Y+H 0<+0 0<'H +BB'+= :, 1:AA'=',0 B.+,'/3
! N, 45]>O*P]K VNFU 0<' 7B0:6-6 ?7,0=+/0 :/ /'0 @H
0-=,:,; 0<' B7.+=:T'= -/:,; 0<' =71 :, 0<' .7Y'= B+=0 7A 0<'
45]>O*P]K B7.+=:T'=3 K<' ")# B.+0' +@7R' :0 6-/0 +.%
Y+H/ @' /Y-,; :, 07 +..7Y ?7,0=+/0:,; +??7=1:,; 07
45]>O*P]K 07 A-,?0:7,3 NA 0<' VNF /.:1'= <+/ @'',
67R'1 07 0<' ?',0'= B7/:0:7, @'A7='U 0<'=' Y:.. @' 1+=X%
,'// :, 0<' ?.:?X%/07B B7/:0:7, 7A 0<' 45]>O*P]K
B7.+=:T'=U :3'3 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?' :/ $ ,6 :, 0<:/ B7/:0:7,3
C;;.%.#$*4 $#%&'
N, VNFU ?7,0=+/0 :/ ?='+0'1 @H ^B/'-17_ ='.:'A +,1U :, 0<' ?+/'
7A .:,'+= /0=-?0-='/U :/ 0<'='A7=' 1'B',1',0 7, 0<':= 7=:',0+%
0:7,g Y:0< 7=:',0+0:7, :, 0<' /+6' 1:='?0:7, +/ 0<' j.:;<0
/<+17YjU ?7,0=+/0 :/ .7YU Y<:.' :, 0<' 1:='?0:7, B'=B',1:?-.+=
07 0<' /<+17Y 7B0:6-6 ?7,0=+/0 :/ 7@0+:,'13 K<' B7//:@:.:0H
7A /B'?:6', =70+0:7, :/ 0<'='A7=' ^+.67/0_ :6B'=+0:R' A7= +1%
Q-/06',03 W.'+/' @'+= :, 6:,1 0<+0 0<' 6'?<+,:?+. /0+;' ?+,
@' -/'1 +/ + =70+=H /0+;'3
K7 ',/-=' ='A.'?0:7,%A='' :..-6:,+0:7,U 0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 +,1
+B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6/ /<7-.1 ,70 @' 7B','1 +,H Y:1'= 0<+,
+..7Y'1 A7= 0<' cda95O B=:,?:B.'3
VNF -/'/ B7.+=:T'1 .:;<0 +,1 :/ 0<'='A7=' :6B+:='1 :A j7B0:?+..H
+?0:R'j '.'6',0/ +=' .7?+0'1 @'0Y'', 0<' B7.+=:T'= ^=_ +,1
0<' +,+.HT'= ^!_U '3;3 A7:./ Y<:?< +=' /76'0:6'/ -/'1 A7= <:/07%.7;:?+. /'?0:7,/U 7= B.'D:;.+// ?-.0-=' 1:/<'/ Y:0< B.+/0:? @+/'/
^1:/<'/ Y:0< ;.+// @+/'/ +=' +./7 +R+:.+@.'_3
F7.7= VNF :/ 7@0+:,'1 :A H7- -/' ?76B',/+07= " ^N_
^#8J8$#%$$$$%$$$_3 K<:/ /.:1'= 6+H @' -/'1 7,.H :,
0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<03
\/' 0<' ='A.'?07= 671-.' VNF O'1 N ^$$$$$$%2$#L%&8M_ A7=
?7.7= VNF :, :,?:1',0 .:;<03
K<' VNF B=:/6/ :, 0<' VNF B7/:0:7,/ 7A 0<' ?7,1',/'= +=' B+=0
7A 0<' A=7,0 7B0:?/ /-BB.:'1 Y:0< 0<' ?7,1',/'= 7, 1'.:R'=H3
7N
1415
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H-*$'0.%%&;U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$ U K&%&<U%.#$ #+ T.-&+-.$>&$<&
X'&
K<:/ 0'?<,:I-' :/ -/'1 A7= 0<' 'D+6:,+0:7, 7A 0=+,/B+=',0U @:%
='A=:,;',0 7@Q'?0/3 N0 :/ + ?<+=+?0'=:/0:? A'+0-=' 7A @:='A=:,;',0
7@Q'?0/ 0<+0U Y:0< B7.+=:T'= +,1 +,+.HT'= :, + ?=7//'1 B7/:0:7,U
0<' 70<'=Y:/' 1+=X A:'.1 7A R:'Y 0-=,/ @=:;<0 # 0:6'/ Y<', H7-
=70+0' 0<' 7@Q'?0 /0+;' 0<=7-;< JL$S3 N, 0<' B=7?'//U
:,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7=/ A=76 7,.H Q-/0 R:/:@.' ;=+H ^'3;3 @:7.7;:?+.
/B'?:6',/_U Y<:0'U ='1U H'..7Y @.-' '0?3 -B 07 <:;<'=%7=1'=
Y<:0' ?+, 7??-=U =';+=1.'// 7A @:='A=:,;',?'U 0<' 0<:?X,'//
+,1 0<' 7=:',0+0:7, 7A 0<' 7@Q'?03
C;a/'%0&$%'
! >1Q-/0 H7-= B7.+=:T:,; 6:?=7/?7B' A7= /0+,1+=1 @=:;<0A:'.1
'D+6:,+0:7, ^/'' → B+;' LJ_3
! F',0'= 0<' =70+=H /0+;' W7. ^/'' →B+;' S2_ 07 ',/-=' 0<+00<' 7B0:?+. +D:/ 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' :, 0<' ,7,%?',0'=+@.' 0-=%
='0 7B',:,; <+/ @'', ?',0'='1 7, 0<' =70+=H +D:/ 7A 0<'
/0+;'3 NA 0<:/ +.:;,6',0 <+/ @'', B'=A7=6'1 ?7=='?0.HU +,
7@Q'?0 A'+0-=' :, 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' ='0:?.' Y:.. ='6+:, :,
B7/:0:7, Y<', 0<' /0+;' :/ 0-=,'13
! K:;<0', /?='Y ^F_ .7?X:,; 0<' /0+;' :, B7/:0:7, +,1 /Y:,;0<' A:=/0 7@Q'?0:R' :, + ?',0'=+@.' 0<='+1'1 67-,0 :,07 0<'
@'+6 B+0<3 NA 0<' 0<='+1'1 67-,0 :/ ,70 ?',0'='1U 0<'
B='R:7-/.H A7?-/'1 7@Q'?0 A'+0-=' Y:.. ,7 .7,;'= @' :, 0<'
?',0'= 7A 0<' ='0:?.'3
! !=:,; 0<' 1:/B.+?'1 A'+0-=' :,07 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' ='0:?.'
@H +1Q-/0:,; 0<' 0Y7 ?',0'=:,; /?='Y/ 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R'
-/:,; 0Y7 /6+.. >..', Y=',?<'/3 K<' ?',0'=:,; /?'Y/ +='
.7?+0'1 7, 0<' .'A0 +,1 0<' =:;<0 7A 0<' 7Q'?0:R' B7/:0:7,
7, <' X,-=.'1 =:,; 7A 0<' ,7/'B:'?' ^5_3 W=7?''1 :, 0<'
/+6' 6+,,'= A7= 0<' ,'D0 ?',0'=+@.' 0<='+1'1 67-,0 7A
0<' ,7/'B:'?'3 >A0'= H7- <+R' ?',0'='1 +.. 7@Q'?0:R'/U
.77/', 0<' /?='Y .7?X:,; 0<' /0+;' =70+0:7,3
! O'%?<'?X 0<' B7/:0:7, 7A '+?< 7@Q'?0:R' @H 0-=,:,; 0<'
/0+;'3 >, 7@Q'?0 A'+0-=' .7?+0'1 :, 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' ='0:?.'
/<7-.1 ,7Y ='6+:, :, 0<' ?',0'=3
K7 6+:,0+:, 0<:/ ?',0=+0:7,U Y' ='?766',1 -/:,; 0<'
X,-=.'1 =:,; 7A 0<' ,7/'B:'?' 07 ?<+,;' 0<' 7@Q'?0:R'/
:,/0'+1 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0:R'/ 0<'6/'.R'/3
! 4Y:,; 0<' B7.+=:T'= ^1_ :,07 0<' @'+6 B+0< +,1 +1Q-/0 :0
07 $°U :A H7-= 6:?=7/?7B' :/ 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< + =70+=HB7.+=:T'=3
! N,/'=0 0<' +,+.HT'= ^!_ -,0:. :0 /,+B/ :, +,1 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y
:/ 1+=X3
NA H7- Y7=X Y:0< + 6'+/-=:,; +,+.HT'=U +1Q-/0 0<'
6'+/-=:,; /?+.' 07 ($° +,1 /'?-=' :0 :, B7/:0:7,3NA H7- -/' + ±2$° =70+=H +,+.HT'= Y:0< + =70+=H "%B.+0'U+1Q-/0 0<' +,+.HT'= 07 0<' ?',0=+. ?.:?X/07B3
K<' "%B.+0' Y:.. @' :,'AA'?0:R' :A :0 :/ B7/:0:7,'1 +@7R' 0<'
+,+.HT'=U +,1 'AA'?0:R' :A :0 :/ @'.7Y 0<' +,+.HT'=3
! !=:,; 0<' 7@Q'?0 07 @' 'D+6:,'1 :,07 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y +,1
0-=, 0<' /0+;' :,?.-1:,; 0<' 7@Q'?03
>/ 1'/?=:@'1 +@7R'U ?7.7=.'// 7= ?7.7='1 ?<+,;'/ 7A 0<'
7@Q'?0 :,1:?+0' 0<' B='/',?' 7A @:='A=:,;',?'3 PB0:?+..H
+,:/70=7B:? 6+0'=:+./ ?+, +./7 ='6+:, 1+=XU <7Y'R'=U :A +,
:/70=7B:? 1:='?0:7,U '3;3 7A 7B0:?+..H -,:+D:+. 7= @:+D:+.
?=H/0+./U :/ B+=+..'. 07 0<' R:'Y:,; 1:='?0:7,3
N, 0<:/ ?+/'U H7- ?+, '/0+@.:/< Y<'0<'= 0<' 7@Q'?0 :/
7B0:?+..H :/70=7B:? 7= +,:/70=7B:? @H -/:,; 0<' ?7,7/?7B:?
R:'Y:,; 6'0<71 ^/'' → B+;' 8&_3
P.>2\5= H-*$'0.%%&;U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$
! >,+.HT'= /.:1'=F 4?='Y A7= .7?X:,; 0<' /0+;' =70+0:7,1 W7.+=:T'=5 ]7/'B:'?'
5
1
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K<' B7/:0:7, 7A 0<' 0Y7 1:='?0:7,/ Y:0< 0<' ;='+0'/0 ^,% km_ +,1
0<' /6+..'/0 ^,&m_ ='A=+?0:R' :,1'D ^@70< :, ='.+0:R' 0'=6/_ 7=
Y:0< 0<' ;='+0'/0 ^,%_ 7= Y:0< 0<' /6+..'/0 ^,&_ ='A=+?0:R' :,1'D
^@70< :, +@/7.-0' 0'=6/_ ='.+0:R' 07 0<' 67=B<7.7;:?+. 1:='?%
0:7,/ 7A ?=H/0+. /-=A+?'/U ?=H/0+. ,''1.'/ 7= A:@'=/ :/ +, :6B7=%
0+,0 A'+0-=' -/'1U A7= 'D+6B.'U :, 0<' 1:+;,7/:/ 7A @:7?=H/0+./
^;7-0U B/'-17;7-0_3
C;a/'%0&$%'! W'=A7=6 0<' +1Q-/06',0/ 1'/?=:@'1 -,1'= >1Q-/06',0/
7, B+;' L(3 K<' A:@'= .:;<0/ -B :, 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y3
! K-=, 0<' /0+;' 07 0<' A:=/0 ?.:?X/07BU 1'+?0:R+0' 0<' ?.:?X%
/07B +,1 0-=, 0<' /0+;' :, /-?< + Y+H 0<+0 0<' 7@Q'?0 1:/%
B.+H/ 6+D:6-6 1+=X,'//3
! >?0:R+0' 0<' ?.:?X/07B +,1 0-=, 0<' /0+;' @H #S° 07 0<','D0 ?.:?X/07B /7 0<+0 0<' .7,;:0-1:,+. +D:/ 7A 0<' A:@'= :/
7=:',0'1 :, 0<' ]5%4C 1:='?0:7, ^Z:;3"#M_3 a'='U 0<' 7@Q'?0
1:/B.+H/ 6+D:6-6 @=:;<0,'// ^1:+;7,+. B7/:0:7,_U '3;3
;=+H%Y<:0'3
! K<:/ ?7.7= ?7=='/B7,1/ 07 + B+0< 1:AA'=',?' 7A 2S$ ,6 :,
0<' *:?<'.%9tRH ?7.7= ?<+=0 ^Z:;3"#M +,1 Z:;3"#(_3
! >A0'= H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 0<' ?76B',/+07= λU 0<' ?7.7=0-=,/ 07 H'..7Y%7=+,;' ^B+0< 1:AA'=',?' +BB=7D3 #$$",6_3
! C<', H7- 0-=, 0<' /0+;' @H ($°U 0<' A:@'= +BB'+=/ ;='',%@.-' ^B+0< 1:AA'=',?' +BB=7D3 8$$ ,6_3
"#$<4/'.#$'
K<' ,γ 1:='?0:7, 7A 0<' ?76B',/+07= λ :/ 7=:',0'1 :, 0<']5%4C 1:='?0:7,3 K<' ?7.7= 7A 0<' /-==7-,1:,;/ 7A 0<' A:@'= :/
+ 1''B ='1 7A 0<' 2/0 7=1'= ^B+0< 1:AA'=',?' :/ 7,' λe +BB=7D3SS$ ,6_3 K<' A:@'= :0/'.A +BB'+=/ ;='',%@.-' ^B+0< 1:AA'=',?'
+BB=7D3 8$$ ,6_3 K<' <:;<'= :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7= ^8$$ ,6_ ?+,
7,.H @' 0<' ='/-.0 7A 0<' +11:0:7, 7A 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?'/ 7A
^+BB=7D3 2S$ ,6_ +,1 ?76B',/+07=
K<' ?7.7=/ Y:.. @' +11'1 :A 0<' ,γ 7A 0<' ?76B',/+07= +,1 0<'
,% km 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0 +=' B+=+..'.3 a',?'U 0<' ,% km 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0 +./7
.:'/ :, ]5%4C 1:='?0:7, +0 + <:;<'= :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7= +,1 :/ 7=:%
',0'1 :, B+=+..'. 07 0<' .7,;:0-1:,+. +D:/ 7A 0<' A:@'=3
@/00*-G
F76B+=' :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7=/ ^B+0< 1:AA'=',?'/_ :, 0<' 0Y7 1:%
+;7,+. B7/:0:7,/3 K<' .+=;'= B+0< 1:AA'=',?' Y:.. 7??-= :A @70<
,γ 1:='?0:7,/ +=' B+=+..'.3 K<-/U 0<' ,% km 1:='?0:7, 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0
<+/ @'', 1'0'=6:,'13
(#%&YZ
*:?<'.%9tRH ?7.7= ?<+=0/ +=' +R+:.+@.' -,1'= F+03 ]73 #&%J2&3
P.>2\5N @<)&0*%.< .44/'%-*%.#$ #+ %)& B.<)&4UMi9G <#4#- <)*-%
-''
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=:38$7 :79
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& λ
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:79F=:38$7977B :79#89#$=?5; 12<7$:778#?@ 12<7
G λ H /
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X'&
K<' ?7.7= ?<+=0 7,.H +..7Y/ 0<' =7-;< '/0:6+0:7, 7A B+0< 1:A%
A'=',?'/ 7A 0=+,/B+=',0U +,:/70=7B:? /-@/0+,?'/U /-?< +/ 6:,%
'=+./U /H,0<'0:? ?=H/0+./U B.+/0:?/U /0=+:,'1 ;.+//U @:7?=H/0+./ 7=
'=H0<=7?H0'/3 Z7= 'D+?0 6'+/-='6',0U + ?76B',/+07= :/
,''1'13 K<:/ ?76B',/+07= ='1-?'/ 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?'
?+-/'1 @H 0<' 7@Q'?0 07 T'=7 ^2/0 7=1'= @.+?X_U :3'3 :0 ?76B',%
/+0'/ A7= 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?'3 \,.:X' 1'0'=6:,:,; 0<' ,γ 1:='?%
0:7, Y<'=' 0<' B7/:0:7, 7A +11:0:7, :/ 7A :6B7=0+,?'U 0<' 7@%
Q'?0 6-/0 @' :, 0<' B7/:0:7, 7A /-@0=+?0:7, ='.+0:R' 07 0<'
?76B',/+07=U :3'3 0<' ,γkm 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0 6-/0 @' 0-=,'1 +;+:,/0
0<' ,γ 1:='?0:7, 7A 0<' ?76B',/+07= @H ($°3
@&4&<%.$> %)& <#--&<% <#0,&$'*%#-
C' ?+, B=7R:1' 0<' /-:0+@.' ?76B',/+07= A7= 'R'=H B+0< 1:A%
A'=',?' 6'+/-='6',0g =70+=H !=+?'%cs<.'= ?76B',/+07= λ)MY:0< + 6:,:6-6 6'+/-=:,; =+,;' A=76 $ 07 8& ,6 +,1 0:.0:,;
5<=:,;<+-/ ?76B',/+07= 5 $ % L λ Y:0< + 6+D:6-6 =+,;'A=76 $ 07 JU&8L ,63 W+0< 1:AA'=',?'/ ?+, 7,.H @' 6'+/-='1
:A 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?' 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0 .:'/ Y:0<:, 0<' 6'+/-=:,;
=+,;' 7A 0<' ?76B',/+07= -/'13 K7 7@0+:, +/ <:;< 6'+/-=:,;
+??-=+?H +/ B7//:@.'U 0<' 6'+/-=:,; =+,;' 7A 0<' ?76B',/+%
07= -/'1 +,1 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?' /<7-.1 +BB=7D:6+0'.H @' 7A
0<' /+6' 6+;,:0-1'3 K7 A:,1 0<' ?7=='?0 ?76B',/+07=U :,/'=0
H7-= 7@Q'?0 :, 0<' 1+=X A:'.1 @'0Y'', 0<' ?=7//'1 B7.+=:T'=
+,1 +,+.HT'=3 K-=, 0<' /0+;' +,1 ,70' 0<' :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7=/
7@0+:,'1 ^/'' → 0+@.' @'.7Y_3
B&*'/-&0&$%
! Z7?-/ 7, 0<' /B'?:6', ^7@Q'?0:R' 2$D_3
! !=:,; B7.+=:T'= +,1 +,+.HT'= :,07 ?=7//'1 B7/:0:7,3
! K-=, /B'?:6',
p 07 'D0:,?0:7, 7= /0+,1+=1 B7/:0:7,U
p +?0:R+0' 0<' /0+;' ?.:?X/07B/U
p /'0 + 1:+;7,+. B7/:0:7, 1:/B.+H:,; 6+D:6-6 @=:;<0,'//
+0 #SS3
N,/'=0 0<' ?76B',/+07= /'.'?0'1U 67R' :0 7-0 7A :0/ T'=7
B7/:0:7, +,1 Y+0?< Y<'0<'=g
! 0<' :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7=/ @'?76' 1''B'=U :3'3 0<' B+0<
1:AA'=',?' 1'?='+/'/3 K<' ,% 1:='?0:7, 7A 0<' ?76B',/+07=
+,1 0<' ,% km 1:='?0:7, 7A 0<' 7@Q'?0 +=' B'=B',1:?-.+= 07
'+?< 70<'= ^B7/:0:7, 7A /-@0=+?0:7,_3 K<' /B'?:6', :/
?7=='?0.H B7/:0:7,'1 A7= ?76B',/+0:7,3
! 0<' :,0'=A'=',?' ?7.7=/ @'?76' B+.'= ^B7/:0:7, 7A
+11:0:7,_U :3'3 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?' :,?='+/'/3 K<' @.+?X 7A
0<' 2/0 7=1'= ,'R'= +BB'+=/3 N, 0<:/ ?+/'U 0-=, 0<'
/B'?:6', @H +,70<'= ($°.! >.. H7- <+R' 07 17 ,7Y :/ 07 +1Q-/0 0<' ?76B',/+07= :,
/-?< + Y+H 0<+0 0<' B7:,0 7A 6'+/-='6',0 :/ ?76B.'0'.H
1+=X3 \/:,; 0<' ='?7=1'1 +,;.'/U H7- ?+, ='+1 7AA 0<' B+0<
1:AA'=',?' :, ,6 A=76 0<' ='.'R+,0 0+@.' 7= ?+.?-.+0' 0<'
B+0< 1:AA'=',?' Y<', H7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' =70+=H
!=+?'%cs<.'= ?76B',/+07=3
@i$*-0#$% <#0,&$'*%.#$
K<' 4t,+=67,0 0'?<,:I-' +..7Y/ 0<' 6'+/-='6',0 7A B+0<
1:AA'=',?'/ -B 07 2λ3 K<:/ 0'?<,:I-' 1:AA'=/ :, 0<' A7..7Y:,;B7:,0/ A=76 0<' +@7R' 1'/?=:B0:7,g
! + 4t,+=67,0 ?76B',/+07= S#L)# :/ -/'1 Y<:?< :/ + ")#
B.+0' Y:0< ,% :, 0<' '+/0%Y'/0 7=:',0+0:7,3
! + =70+=H +,+.HT'= :/ -/'1 A7= 6'+/-='6',03
! 0<' B+0< 1:AA'=',?' :/ ?+.?-.+0'1 -/:,; 0<' +,;.'
6'+/-='13
(#%&YZ N0 :/ +1R:/+@.' 07 -/' 67,7?<=76+0:? .:;<0 A7=
6'+/-='6',03 K7 +?<:'R' 0<:/U -/' 0<' ;='', :,0'=A'=',?'
@+,1B+// A:.0'= S#LU 1iJ&DJ ^#L8M$8%$$$$%$$$_3
"527%H7%75. .040% I'&5< .0($75'120% λ=0B ;&44 0T21&5
912/ 6&HH7%75.7 #0($75'120% ) 7̂./5&`B7
L35c 853S 6.4.5: !<4F9P S944.>(P ,:0 .5795
853S /59:920
λR,' !3//5.HA #' 2I(
5.035S X5369&ik?495 6.I/92:301.2
λR-
@?109 6.4.5:P ,:0 .5795 >?109 /59:920 λR* !3//5.HA *%' 2I(
79 Dh235I.20 096?21UF9 .5
T?5128?3F: 0140128 6.I/92:30.5
' & ) λ
M.59 .5 49:: 799/ 12095;959269
6.4.5:
6.4.5: .5 >?109P 6.4.5: .; ,:0 0.
"0? .5795 359 /59:920
λR* 0. # λ !3//5.HA *%' 0. *%''a2I(
T?5128?3F: 0140128 6.I/92:30.5
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=F
16
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.<-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
H-*$'0.%%&;U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$ U K&%&-0.U$.$> %)& #,%.<*4 <)*-*<%&-.'%.<' #+ <-G'%*4
X'&
V'0'=6:,:,; 0<' 7B0:?+. ?<+=+?0'=:/0:?/ 7A 0=+,/B+=',0 +,1
Y'+X.H +@/7=@:,; ?=H/0+./ :/ B+=0 7A 0<' 1:+;,7/:/ 7A ?=H/0+./3
K<:/ 0'?<,:I-' :/ +./7 0'=6'1 ?7,?7/?7B:? 7@/'=R+0:7,3 N0/
6+:, A:'.1 7A +BB.:?+0:7, :/ 0<' ?.+//:? 6:?=7/?7BH 7A =7?X/3 N0
:/ +./7 B7//:@.'U <7Y'R'=U 07 :1',0:AH +,1 ?<+=+?0'=:T' /H,%
0<'0:? ?=H/0+./U :,1-/0=:+. 6:,'=+./ +,1 B.+/0:?/ ^'3;3 A:.6/_3
C;a/'%0&$%'
! >1Q-/0 H7-= B7.+=:T:,; 6:?=7/?7B' A7= /0+,1+=1 @=:;<0A:'.1
'D+6:,+0:7, ^/'' →B+;'LJ_ +,1 B7.+=:T+0:7, :, 0=+,/6:0%0'1 .:;<0 ^/'' → B+;' L(_ ':,;'/0'..03
P.>2\[A H-*$'0.%%&;U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$
! W-/<=71 A7= A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6F O70+=H +,1 /.:1'= X,7@ A7= !'=0=+,1 .',/1 W-/<=71 A7= ='0:?.'
1
F
!
! !=:,; 0<' .7Y%B7Y'= 7@Q'?0:R' ^&3SD)$3$8S_ :,07 0<' @'+6
B+0<3 K<' @'/0 7=:',0+0:7, A7= ?7,7/?7B:? 7@/'=R+0:7,
<+R' 0<7/' ?=H/0+./ ^'3;3 + 0<:, =7?X /'?0:7,_ Y<7/' @=:;<0%
,'// .'R'. :/ ?<+,;'1 +/ .:00.' +/ B7//:@' :, 7=0<7/?7B:? 7@%
/'=R+0:7, Y<', H7- 0-=, 0<' /0+;'3 N, 0<:/ ?+/'U 0<' 7B0:?+.
+D:/ 7A -,:+D:+. ?=H/0+./ 7= 7,' 7A 0<' 7B0:?+. +D'/ 7A +
@:+D:+. ?=H/0+. :/ ,'+=.H B+=+..'. 07 0<' R:'Y:,; 1:='?0:7,3
! >A0'= /'.'?0:,; + ?=H/0+. :, 0<:/ 6+,,'=U B7/:0:7, :0 :, 0<'
?',0'= 7A ='0:?.' ^1_3 !=:,; 0<' 1=H 7@Q'?0:R' B=7R:1:,; 0<'
.+=;'/0 +B'=0-=' ^#$D)$3MS_ :,07 0<' @'+6 B+0<U /Y:,; :,
0<' ?7,1',/'= A=7,0 .',/ +,1 ='%?<'?X 0<+0 0<' ?7,1',/'=
1:+B<=+;6 :/ A-..H 7B',3 9:A0 0<' ?7,1',/'= -,0:. 0<'
:6+;' 7A 0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 :/ /<+=B ^/'' →B+;' LJ_3
! F.7/' 0<' A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 ^!_ -,0:. 0<' ;=+:, @7-,1+=:'/
7A 0<' ?=H/0+. /'.'?0'1 +=' ,7 .7,;'= R:/:@.'3 K<:/ ',/-='/
0<+0 0<' :,0'=A'=',?' A:;-='/ 7A ,':;<@7=:,; ?=H/0+./ +='
,70 /-B'=:6B7/'1 7, 0<' :,0'=A'=',?' A:;-='/ 7A 0<' ?=H/%
0+. 07 @' 'D+6:,'13 K<-/U 7@Q'?0 A'+0-='/ Y:0< +/ /6+.. +
1:+6'0'= +/ 2$ 66 ?+, @' '.:6:,+0'1 A=76 0<' A:'.1 7A
R:'Y3
C<', H7- 0-=, 0<' /0+;'U 0<' 7@Q'?0 6-/0 ='6+:, :, 0<'
?',0'= 7A 0<' ='0:?.'U :3'3 :0 6-/0 +./7 ='6+:, :, 0<' R:/:@.'
+='+ ^='%?',0'=U :A ,'?'//+=H_3
! 4Y:,; :, 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/ ^/H6@7. ⊕ _ Y:0< X,7@ ^F_ 7,0<' :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@' W7.3 \/' 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/ 07 A7?-/
0<' B-B:. :6+;' ^:,0'=A'=',?' A:;-='_3
K<' ?7,7/?7B:? :6+;' 7@0+:,'1 ,7Y /<7Y/ H7- Y<'0<'=
0<' ?=H/0+. <+/ 7,' 7= 0Y7 +D'/3 \/' 0<' ?76B',/+07= λ 071'0'=6:,' 0<' 7B0:?+. ?<+=+?0'=:/0:?/ 7A 0<' ?=H/0+. ^7B0:%
?+..H B7/:0:R' 7= 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'_e 0<' ?76B',/+07= λ)#?+, +./7 @' -/'1 A7= 0<:/ B-=B7/'3
\/' 0<' Y'1;' ?76B',/+07= $ % #λ ^I-+=0T Y'1;'_ 07 1'%0'=6:,' 0<' 7B0:?+. ?<+=+?0'=:/0:?/ 7A +@/7=@',0 ?=H/0+./
^'3;3 +-;:0'U <7=,@.',1'_ 7= ?=H/0+./ Y:0< +,76+.7-/ @:='%
A=:,;',?'3
X$.*D.*4 <-G'%*4'
NA 0<' 7B0:?+. +D:/ 7A + -,:+D:+. ?=H/0+./ :/ 7=:',0'1 :, B+=+..'. 07
0<' R:'Y:,; 1:='?0:7,U + 1+=X ?=7// @'?76'/ R:/:@.' :, ?7,7%
/?7B:? R:'Y:,; Y<:?< ?+, @' /-==7-,1'1 @H ?7,?',0=:? :,0'=%
A'=',?' A=:,;'/ ^1'B',1',0 7, 0<' @:='A=:,;',?' +,1 0<'
0<:?X,'// 7A 0<' /B'?:6',_3 K<'/' :,0'=A'=',?' A=:,;'/ +=' +./7
0'=6'1 :/7?<=76+0/ ^[=''X :/7/ i 'I-+.U ?<=76+ i ?7.7=_3
K<' ?=7// ='6+:,/ R:/:@.' Y<:.' 0<' /0+;' :/ 0-=,'13 Z7?-/ H7-=
+00',0:7, 7, 0<' ]5 I-+1=+,0 7A 0<' ?=7// ^2/0 I-+1=+,0e
?7-,0:,; :/ ?7-,0'=?.7?XY:/'_3
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' ?76B',/+07= λg! >A0'= H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 0<' ?76B',/+07= .U 0<' A7..7Y:,;
+BB'+=/ :, 0<' 2/0 +,1 J=1 I-+1=+,0 ,'+= 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<'
1+=X ?=7//g
p H'..7Y i 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'
p @.-' i 7B0:?+..H B7/:0:R'
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' ?76B',/+07= λ)#g! >A0'= H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 0<' ?76B',/+07= ")#U + 1+=X /B70
+BB'+=/ ,'+= 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' 1+=X ?=7//g
p :, 2/0 +,1 J=1 I-+1=+,0/ i 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'
p :, &,1 +,1 #0< I-+1=+,0/ i 7B0:?+..H B7/:0:R'
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' Y'1;' ?76B',/+07= $ % #λg! >A0'= :,/'=0:7, 7A 0<' Y'1;' ?76B',/+07= $ % #"U 0<' :/7%
?<=76+0/ :, 0<' 2/0 +,1 &,1 I-+1=+,0 +=' 67R:,;
p 7-0Y+=1 i 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'
p :,Y+=1 i 7B0:?+..H B7/:0:R'
=1
1415
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
b.*D.*4 <-G'%*4'
NA @:+D:+. ?=H/0+./ 1:/B.+H + ?=7// :, ?7,7/?7B:? 7@/'=R+0:7,
Y<:?< ='/7.R'/ :,07 0<' 0Y7 @=+,?<'/ 7A + <H@'=B7.+U 0<'
+?-0' @:/'?0=:D ^2/0 ?',0'= .:,'_ :/ 7=:',0'1 :, B+=+..'. 07 0<'
R:'Y:,; 1:='?0:7,3 K-=, /0+;' -,0:. 0<' 1+=X @=+,?<'/ 7A 0<'
<HB'=@7.+ ^:/7;H='/_ +=' :, 0<' 2/0 +,1 J=1 I-+1=+,0/3
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' ?76B',/+07= λg! >A0'= H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 0<' ?76B',/+07= .U 0<' A7..7Y:,;
+BB'+=/g
p H'..7Y 7, 0<' 7-0/:1' ^?7,?+R' /:1' 7A <HB'=@7.+_ +,1
p @.-' 7, 0<' :,/:1' ^?7,R'D /:1' 7A <HB'=@7.+_ i 7B0:?+..H
,';+0:R'
p @.-' 7, 0<' 7-0/:1' +,1 H'..7Y 7, 0<' :,/:1' i 7B0:?+..H
B7/:0:R'
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' ?76B',/+07= λ)#g! >A0'= H7- <+R' :,/'=0'1 0<' ?76B',/+07= ")#U + 1+=X /B70
+BB'+=/g
p 7, 0<' 7-0/:1' 7A 0<' 1+=X :/7;H=' i 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'
p 7, 0<' :,/:1' 7A 0<' 1+=X :/7;H=' i 7B0:?+..H B7/:0:R'
`7- Y7=X Y:0< 0<' Y'1;' ?76B',/+07= $ % #λg! >A0'= :,/'=0:7, 7A 0<' Y'1;' ?76B',/+07= $ % #"U 0<' :/7%
?<=76+0/ :, 0<' 2/0 +,1 J,1 I-+1=+,0/ +=' 67R:,;
p 7-0Y+=1 i 7B0:?+..H ,';+0:R'
p :,Y+=1 i 7B0:?+..H B7/:0:R'
(#%&YZ NA +, 7B0:?+. +D:/ 7A + @:+D:+. ?=H/0+. :/ B+=+..'. 07 0<'
R:'Y:,; 1:='?0:7,U 7,.H 7,' @=+,?< 7A 0<' <HB'=@7.+ Y:.. @'
R:/:@.' :, ?7,7/?7B:? R:'Y:,;U Y:0< 0<' R'=0'D 7A 0<:/ @=+,?<
.H:,; :, 0<' ?',0'= 7A 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y3 NA 0<' /0+;' :/ 0-=,'1U
0<' @=+,?< 7A 0<' <HB'=@7.+ Y:.. 67R' +@7-0 :0/ R'=0'D3 W=7%
?''1 :, 0<' /+6' 6+,,'= +/ 1'/?=:@'1 +@7R' 07 1'0'=6:,'
0<' 7B0:?+. ?<+=+?0'=:/0:?/ 7A 0<' ?=H/0+.3
]$2&.144= B5&1R&14 ]$2&.144= T&1R&14
/.:101E9 298301E9 /.:101E9 298301E9
λ /4309!>?109 ``l <4F9
``l S944.>( I 12<7I ;72F2=>
E G
gF350[ >9789
!7159601.2 .; I.E9&
I920 7F5128 12:9501.2( 9#:74A#=8=C D=67FD78A
λR" /4309!/.:101.2 .; <436c
:/.0:(
=5
16
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.<-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
L$<.;&$% 4.>)% T-.>)%+.&4;^Z:;3"S2_
(#%&YZN, +.. :,?:1',0%.:;<0 0'?<,:I-'/U 0<' ?76B',/+07=/
L"D"&$ ^/'' +./7 → 7R'=R:'Y 7, B+;' S8_ 6-/0 @' ='67R'1
A=76 0<' @'+6 B+0< 07 B='R',0 :6+;' I-+.:0H A=76 @':,;
:6B+:='13
K7 /'0 0<' :,?:1',0 .:;<0 :..-6:,+0:7, :, +??7=1+,?' Y:0< 0<'
cda95O B=:,?:B.'U B=7?''1 +/ A7..7Y/g
! P, 0<' ='+= 7A 0<' :,/0=-6',0U /Y:0?< 7, 0<' :,?:1',0 .:;<0
:..-6:,+0:7, -/:,; 0<' 07;;.' /Y:0?< +,1 0<', /Y:0?< 7,
0<' 6:?=7/?7B' +0 0<' P])PZZ /Y:0?< ^7_3
! >0 R7.0+;' =';-.+07= ^=_ /'0 +BB=7D3 J 333 # E +/ 0<' /-BB.H
R7.0+;' A7= 0<' :..-6:,+0:7,3
! W.+?' + B7.:/<'1 /B'?:6', 7, 0<' /0+;' ^+.:;, 07B /-=A+?'
B+=+..'. 07 /-BB7=0U '3;3 Y:0< .'R'.:,; B='//_3
! 4Y:,; 0<' 2$D 7@Q'?0:R' ^H'..7Y =:,;_ ^N_ 7, ,7/'B:'?'U
+,1 0<' ='A.'?07= 671-.' A7= @=:;<0A:'.1 7, ='A.'?07= 0-=='0
^!A_ :,07 0<' @'+6 B+0<3
! F<'?X 0<' $ B7/:0:7,/ 7, 0<' 'H'B:'?' /?+.' ^→ B+;' J(_3
`7- /<7-.1 ,7Y /'' /B70/ 7A .:;<0 ^0<' 'D:0 B-B:./_ @'<:,1 0<'
'H'B:'?'/3 NA H7- +=' Y7=X:,; Y:0< + @:,7?-.+= B<7070-@'U +..
7A 0<' .:;<0 Y:.. @' 1:='?0'1 07 0<' @:,7?-.+= 0-@' :A 0<' B-/<%
=71 :/ /.:1 :, +.. 0<' Y+H3
C<', H7- .77X :,07 0<' 0-@' H7- Y:.. /'' + @=:;<0 ?:=?.' ^0<'
'H'B:'?' /07B_ Y:0< '+?< 'H'3
! *'=;' 0<' 0Y7 ?:=?.'/ :,07 7,' @H +1Q-/0:,; @70< 'H'%
B:'?'/ 0-@'/ 07 H7-= WV3
! P, 0<' :..-6:,+0:7, 1'R:?'U /Y:,; :, 0<' 1:AA-/:,; /?='',
@H 0-=,:,; /?='Y 4C J ^1_ 07 0<' @.+?X 170U +,1 6+X' 0<'.-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 ,+==7Y'= @H B-..:,; 7-0 B-/<
=71 ^[_3
! Z7?-/ 0<' /B'?:6', Y:0< A7?-/:,; 1=:R' ^?_3 K<' :6+;' 7A
0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 ^C_ Y<:?< .:'/ 'D+?0.H :, 0<'
/B'?:6', B.+,' 6+H @' <'.BA-. <'='3
! *7R' 0<' 1:+B<=+;6 :6+;' :,07 0<' ?',0'= 7A H7-= A:'.1
7A R:'Y ^b_ Y:0< 0<' +:1 7A ?',0'=:,; /?='Y/ ^!_3 \/' B-/<%
=71 ^[_ 07 7B', 0<:/ 1:+B<=+;6 -,0:. 0<' A:'.1 7A R:'Y :/ Q-/0
A='' +,1 ,7 67=' ^"_3
! ]7Y +1Q-/0 0<' ?7,0=+/0 Y:0< +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 ^5_ 07
/-:0 0<' ,''1/ 7A 0<' /B'?:6', @':,; 'D+6:,'13
(#%&Y NA H7- +=' ,70 ?'=0+:, <7Y A+= H7- /<7-.1 /07B 17Y,U
+ ;771 =-.' 7A 0<-6@ :/ 0<+0 +BB=7D3 #)S 7A 0<' 'D:0 B-B:. 7A
0<' 7@Q'?0:R' /<7-.1 @' :..-6:,+0'1 ^K_3 uK<' 'D:0 B-B:. :/
R:/:@.' +0 0<' @70076 7A 0<' 0-@' Y<', 0<' 'H'B:'?'/ +='
='67R'1 7= Y<', 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/ :/ /Y-,; :, +,1 A7?-/'1
^!'=0=+,1 .',/ /.:1'=_v3
NA ,'?'//+=HU 0<' +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 ?+, @' @=7-;<0 :,07 0<'
?',0'= 7A 0<' B-B:. -/:,; ?',0'=:,; /?='Y/ ^F_ +,1 0<',
/07BB'1 17Y, 07 #)S :0/ /:T' -/:,; B-/<=71 ^5_3
5R'=H 7@Q'?0:R' ?<+,;' +./7 ?<+,;'/ 0<' 7@Q'?0:R' +B'=0-='U
:3'3 0<' +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 6-/0 @' ='+1Q-/0'13
NA H7-= 6:?=7/?7B' A'+0-='/ + .:;<0 6+,+;'= ^6707=:T'1
+B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6U +0 .'+/0 ?71'1 ,7/'B:'?'_U H7- ?+, /07='
0<' 6:?=7/?7B' /'00:,; R:+ 0<' 45K X'H ^→ /)"(0% E'=3) &"(;
"=$#_3
P.>2\[! B.<-#'<#,& '&%%.$> +#- .$<.;&$% 4.>)% T-.>)%+.&4;
#)S
C b " K
! F',0'=:,; /?='Y/ A7= .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6F F',0'=:,; /?='Y/ A7= +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;61 4Y:,;%:,U /Y:,;%7-0 A+?:.:0H A7= 1:AA-/:,; /?='',5 W-/<=71 A7= +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6[ W-/<=71 A7= .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;67 P])PZZ /Y:0?<= E7.0+;' =';-.+07= A7= .:;<0 :,0',/:0H? Z7?-/:,; 1=:R'N P@Q'?0:R'!A O'A.'?07= 0-=='0
! F
1
5[
7=?N
!A
=[
1415
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.<-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
L$<.;&$% 4.>)% ;*-_+.&4;
X'&
C;;.%.#$*4 &I/.,0&$%
P@Q'?0 A'+0-='/ Y<:?< <'+R:.H /?+00'= .:;<0U /-?< +/ /?=+0?<'/U
?=+?X/U B7='/ 7= 0<' /-=A+?'/ 7A 6'0+. A=+?0-='/ .:;<0 -B @=:;<0
:, 1+=XA:'.1 :..-6:,+0:7,3 N1'+. @=:;<0A:'.1 7@Q'?0/ /-?< +/
/B'?-.+= /-=A+?'/ :,?.-1:,; A'+0-='/ Y:0< 1:AA'=',0 1';=''/ 7A
='A.'?0:7, ='6+:, ?76B.'0'.H 1+=XU <7Y'R'=3
! ]7/'B:'?' Y:0< ?7,,'?0:,; 0<='+1 * &8
! aV P@Q'?0:R'/
! ='A.'?07= 671-.' V
C;a/'%0&$%' -&I/.-&;
! 4'0 :..-6:,+0:7, +/ A7= @=:;<0A:'.13
! K<', /Y:0?< 07 1+=XA:'.1 @H /Y:,;:,; :, ='A.'?07= V 7, 0<'
='A.'?07= 0-=='03
! PB', .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 +,1 +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6
A-..HU +/ 0<:/ Y7=X :, 1+=XA:'.1 -/:,; 0<' :,?:1',0 .:;<0
0'?<,:I-' ='I-:='/ 6+D:6-6 :..-6:,+0:7, :,0',/:0H3
(#%&Y C<', /Y:0?<:,; @+?X 07 @=:;<0A:'.1U 17 ,70 A7=;'0 07
?.7/' 0<' .-6:,7-/ A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6 +,1 0<' +B'=0-='
1:+B<=+;6 07 0<' ,7=6+. R+.-'/3 K<'=' Y:.. 70<'=Y:/' @' + =:/X
7A ;.+='3
=7
16
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
KL" U K.++&-&$%.*4 .$%&-+&-&$<& <#$%-*'% .$.$<.;&$% 4.>)%
X'&
K<:/ 0'?<,:I-' :/ -/'1 A7= 0<' <:;<%?7,0=+/0 1:/B.+H 7A ='A.'?0%
:,; /-=A+?'/ A'+0-=:,; <':;<0 1:AA'=',?'/ 7A /'R'=+. Y+R'%
.',;0</ -B 07 0<' λ)&$ =+,;'3
C;;.%.#$*4 &I/.,0&$%
! 5B:B.+,%]'7A.-+= W7.U VNF 7= aV VNF 7@Q'?0:R'/
! 4B'?:+. aV VNF C $3M 7= aV VNF * &8 ,7/'B:'?'
! VNF /.:1'=/ 6+0?<'1 07 0<' 7@Q'?0:R'/ -/'13
K<' 6+;,:A:?+0:7, +,1 0<' +B'=0-=' 7A 0<' /-:0+@.' 7@Q'?%
0:R' +=' ;:R', 7, 0<' 07B /-=A+?' 7A 0<' /.:1'=/3 W-/< VNF
/.:1'= :,07 0<' /.70 -,0:. <'+= :0 /,+B :,3
! VNF /.:1'=w A7= 6+D:6-6 ?7,0=+/0 +0 ='1-?'1 ='/7.-0:7,
B=7R:1'1 @H 7@Q'?0:R'
! VNF 7= VNF ='1 N ='A.'?07= 671-.'
KL" &$)*$<&0&$%NA ?7,0=+/0 :/ -,/+0:/A+?07=H -/:,; 0<' /0+,1+=1 VNF 'I-:B%
6',0U -/' 0<' /.:1'=/ 6+=X'1 w Y<:?< +=' +R+:.+@.' A7= 0<' 7@%
Q'?0:R'/ .:/0'1 @'.7Y ^7R'=R:'Y_3 K<' :,?='+/'1 ?7,0=+/0 6+H
='/-.0 :, 1'?='+/'1 ='/7.-0:7,3
]TX7.2&C7 !"# '4&67%
#H R 'P,# #H R 'P,# T/1 J
,'H R 'P$' ,'H R 'P$' T/1 J
*'H R 'P#' *'H R 'P#' T/1 J
OL *'H R 'P"' OL *'H R 'P"' T/1 J
(#%&YZNA H7- Y+,0 07 Y7=X Y:0< 0<' ='A.'?07= 671-.' W7.U
/.:1'=/ Y:0< 7= Y:0<7-0 + ?76B',/+07= λ 6-/0 @' -/'1 A7= 0<'+,+.HT'= ?76B+=06',0 ^/'' → Z:;3"#L 7, B+;' L8_3
C;;.%.#$*4 <#00&$%'
N, VNFU ?7,0=+/0 :/ ?+-/'1 @H /-=A+?' ='.:'A3 C:0< .:,'+= /0=-?%
0-='/U 0<'='A7='U ?7,0=+/0 :/ 1'B',1',0 7, Y<'0<'= 0<' 7=:',%
0+0:7, 7A 0<'/' /0=-?0-='/ :/ :, 0<' j.:;<0 % /<+17Yj 1:='?0:7,
^R'=H .7Y ?7,0=+/0_ 7= +0 =:;<0 +,;.'/ 07 :0 ^6+D:6-6 ?7,0=+/0_3
Z7= 0<:/ ='+/7,U :0 :/ +1R+,0+;'7-/ 07 <+R' 0<' B7//:@:.:0H 7A 7@%
Q'?0 =70+0:7, 07 7@0+:, +, :6+;' 1:/B.+H:,; 0<' <:;<'/0 ?7,%
0=+/03 K<:/ ?+, @' +?<:'R'1 -/:,; ':0<'= + =70+=H 6'?<+,:?+.
/0+;' 7= + =70+=H B7.+=:T+0:7, /0+;'3
F7.7='1 VNF :/ 7@0+:,'1 :A H7- -/' 0<' VNF ='1 N ='A.'?07= 671%
-.' 7= :A H7- :,/'=0 + ='A.'?07= 671-.' W7. 07;'0<'= Y:0< +,
+,+.HT'= /.:1'= +,1 + λ B.+0'U =70+0+@.' @H ± 2$° ^#SJLL&_3
==
1415
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.<-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
L$<.;&$%U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$ U K&%&<%.#$ #+T.-&+4&<%.#$ *$; -&+4&<%.#$ ,4&#<)-#.'0
X'&
W7.:/<'1 /'?0:7,/ 7A 7=' 6:,'=+./U ?7+./U ?'=+6:? B=71-?0/U
/B'?:A:? 6'0+./ +,1 6'0+. +..7H/ 1:/B.+H + 1:AA'=',0 ='A.'?0:7,
@'<+R:7= 1'B',1:,; 7, 0<' 7=:',0+0:7, 7A 0<':= ?=H/0+./ 7= 7@%
Q'?0 A'+0-='/3 K<-/U 0<:/ 0'?<,:I-' :/ +./7 +,70<'= ?7,0=+/0:,;
0'?<,:I-'3
C;a/'%0&$%'
! >1Q-/0 H7-= B7.+=:T:,; 6:?=7/?7B' A7= /0+,1+=1 'D+6:,+%
0:7,/ :, :,?:1',0 .:;<0 ^/'' → B+;' 8#_3! !=:,; 0<' ='A.'?07= 671-.' W7. :,07 0<' @'+6 B+0< @H 0-=,%
:,; ='A.'?07= 0-=='0 ^7_3 K<' :,?:1',0%.:;<0 B7.+=:T'= :/ 7=:%
',0'1 :, 0<' 5%C 1:='?0:7,3
! N,/'=0 +,+.HT'= ^[_ :,07 0<' +,+.HT'= ?76B+=06',03 K<'+,+.HT'= :/ 7=:',0'1 :, 0<' ]%4 1:='?0:7,3
P.>2\[F L$<.;&$%U4.>)% ,#4*-.R*%.#$
! W-/<=71 A7= A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6F O70+=H +,1 /.:1'= X,7@ A7= !'=0=+,1 .',/1 W-/<=71 A7= ='0:?.'5 W-/<=71 A7= +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6[ >,+.HT'= /.:1'=7 O'A.'?07= 0-=='0
7
5
[
!
F
1
! F.7/' 0<' +B'=0-=' 1:+B<=+;6 @H &)J 7A :0/ 1:+6'0'= @H
B-..:,; 7-0 B-/<=71 ^5_ +/ A+= +/ ='I-:='13
! `7-= 7@Q'?0 Y:.. 1:/B.+H @:='A.'?0:7, :A 7@Q'?0 A'+0-='/
B7//'// 1:AA'=',?'/ :, @=:;<0,'// 7= ?7.7= Y<:?< ?<+,;'
Y<', 0<' /0+;' :/ 0-=,'13
! W.'7?<=7:/6 :/ B='/',0 Y<', ?7.7= ?<+,;'/ 7??-= :, 0<'
7@Q'?0 1-=:,; 0<' 0-=,:,; 7A 0<' /0+;' ^:,?:1',0%.:;<0
B7.+=:T'= :, @'+6 B+0<U +,+.HT'= /Y-,; 7-0_3
NA 0<' B7.+=:T:,; 6:?=7/?7B' H7- -/' A7= 0<' 'D+6:,+0:7, 7A :,%
?:1',0%.:;<0 7@Q'?0/ :/ 'I-:BB'1 Y:0< +, :,0'=6'1:+0' 0-@'
W7.U H7- 6-/0 ='67R' 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/ A=76 0<' @'+6 B+0<
-/:,; X,7@ ^F_ +,1 B-/< :, 0<' B-/<=71/ A7= A:'.1 1:+B<=+6
^!_ +,1 A7= ='0:?.' ^1_3
(#%&YZC<', X,7@ ^F_ :/ :, :0/ A=7,0 B7/:0:7,U 0<' !'=0=+,1 .',/:/ /Y-,; 7-0 7A 0<' @'+6 B+0<U :, :0/ ='+= B7/:0:7,U 0<' .',/ :/
:, 0<' @'+6 B+0<3
=?
16
!"#$%$#&"'""$()((
B.<-#'<#,G H&<)$.I/&'
O,.U+4/#-&'<&$<&
C;;.%.#$*4 &I/.,0&$%
! O'?766',1'1g W.+,%]'7A.-+= 7= Z.-+= 7@Q'?0:R'/ ^\E
'D?:0+0:7,_
! Z. ='A.'?07= 671-.' ^Y:0< 0<' ='.'R+,0 A:.0'= ?76@:,+0:7,_
+,1 /<-00'= 671-.' :, 0<' ='A.'?07= 0-=='0
! a!P 2$J 7= a!P S$ 6'=?-=H R+B7= /<7=0%+=? .+6B A7=
='A.'?0'1%.:;<0 :..-6:,+0:7,
! a>9 2$$ <+.7;', :..-6:,+07= A7= 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0
:..-6:,+0:7,
(#%&YZN0 :/ +@/7.-0'.H ,'?'//+=H 0<+0 0<' 6'=?-=H R+B7= /<7=0%
+=? .+6B <+/ @'', +.:;,'1 @'A7=' 0<' ='A.'?0'1%.:;<0
A.-7='/?',?' 0'?<,:I-' :/ -/'13 O'+.:;,6',0 6:;<0 +./7
@'?76' ,'?'//+=H 1'B',1:,; 7, 0<' <7-=/ 7A -/'3
OD,4#'.#$ )*R*-;
K<' a!P S$ C .+6B 6-/0 @' 'D?<+,;'1 +A0'=
'DB:=H 7A 0<' +R'=+;' /'=R:?' .:A' 7A 2$$ <=/3 K<'
+R'=+;' /'=R:?' .:A' 7A 0<' a!P 2$J :/ J$$ <=/3
K<':= :..-6:,+,?' 1'?='+/'/ :, 0<' ?7-=/' 7A 6+,H
<7-=/ 7A -/' /7 0<+0 <767;','7-/ :..-6:,+0:7, 7A
0<' 7@Q'?0 A:'.1 ?+, ,7 .7,;'= @' ;-+=+,0''13
Z-=0<'=67='U 0<'=' :/ + =:/X 7A 'DB.7/:7,3 K<'
='6+:,:,; /'=R:?' <7-=/ ?+, @' ='+1 7AA 7, 0<'
B7Y'= /-BB.H -,:03
W.'+/' ='A'= 07 6+,-+. j] a!P 2$J +,1 ] b!P 8S
*:?=7/?7B' N..-6:,+07=/j
^! #$p$LS_ A7= A-=0<'= 1'0+:./ 7, <7Y 07 ?<+,;'
+,1 +.:;, 0<' .+6B/3
@&%%.$> #+ %)& .44/0.$*%.#$K<' :,:0:+. 'B:%A.-7='/?',?' /'00:,; :/ 6+1' ?7,/:1'[email protected]
'+/:'= :A + W.+,%]'7A.-+= &$D)$3S$ 7@Q'?0:R' +,1 + /0=7,;.H
A.-7='/?',0 /B'?:6', :/ -/'13 N0 :/ +./7 B7//:@.' 07 -/'
1'67,/0=+0:7, /B'?:6',/ A:=/03
(#%&YZNA 0<' .%?76B',/+07= <+/ /0:.. ='6+:,'1 :, 0<'?76B+=06',0 +@7R' 0<' ,7/'B:'?' +A0'= -/' 7A 0<' VNF
0'?<,:I-'U :0 6-/0 @' ='67R'1 @'A7=' 'B:%A.-7='/?',?' ?+,
@' /'03
! 4Y:0?< 7, 0<' a>9 2$$ <+.7;', :..-6:,+07=
! 4Y:,; :, 0<' W.+,%]'7A.-+= 7@Q'?0:R' &$D)$3S$3
! *7R' ?7,1',/'= 0-=='0 07 B7/:0:7, aU 0=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0
@=:;<0A:'.1 ^7= B<+/' ?7,0=+/0_U +,1 /'+=?< 0<' /B'?:6',
/B70 07 @' 'D+6:,'13
! c''B 0<' .:;<0 B+0< :, 0<' ='A.'?0'1%.:;<0 :..-6:,+07=
@.7?X'1 Y:0< 0<' /<-00'= 671-.' > 7, 0<' ='A.'?07= 0-=='0
7= Y:0< 0<' @+==:'= B7/:0:7, 7A 0<' ='A.'?0'1%.:;<0 A:.0'=
/.:1'= ^>_3
! 4Y:0?< 7, 0<' a!P 2$J 7= a!P S$ 6'=?-=H R+B7= /<7=0%
+=? .+6B +,1 +..7Y :0 07 <'+0 -B 07 :0/ 7B'=+0:,;
0'6B'=+0-=' A7= +BB=7D3 2S 6:,-0'/3
! 4'.'?0 +,1 /Y:0?< 7, 0<' ='I-:='1 A.-7='/?',?' A:.0'=
?76@:,+0:7, ^1'B',1:,; 7, 0<' 0HB' 7A 'D?:0+0:7,_ 7, 0<'
='A.'?07= 0-=='0 7A 0<' Z. ='A.'?07= 671-.'3
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R:'Y :/ +/ <767;','7-/ +/ B7//:@.' :A 0<' ='A.'?07=
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>.Y+H/ B=70'?0 0<' :,/0=-6',0 +;+:,/0 1-/0 +,1 <-6:1:0H3
K<'='A7='U +.Y+H/ 1=+B' 0<' 1-/0 ?7R'= 7R'= 0<' :,/0=-6',0
+A0'= -/'3 V7 ,70 A7=;'0 07 /Y:0?< 7AA 0<' .+6B/ A:=/03
O'67R' 1-/0 7, 7B0:?+. /-=A+?'/ -/:,; + ,+0-=+. <+:= @=-/<
+,1 + /I-''T'%@.7Y'= 1'R:?'3
K7 ='67R' /0-@@7=, 1:=0 7= A:,;'=B=:,0/U -/' ?766'=?:+..H
+R+:.+@.' ?.70</ A7= ?.'+,:,; 7B0:?/ +,1 'H';.+// .',/'/3
Z7= 67R:,; H7-= >D:7B.+, & :6+;:,; 07 +,70<'= .7?+0:7, 7,
H7-= B='6:/'/U ',/-=' 0<+0 +.. 67@:.' B+=0/ +=' /'?-='1 :,
B7/:0:7, 7= 0=+,/B7=0 0<'6 /'B+=+0'.H3 >./7 B=70'?0 H7-=
:,/0=-6',0 +;+:,/0 07BB.:,;U ?7R'= :0 +,1 ',/-=' -,1'= +..
?:=?-6/0+,?'/ 0<+0 :0 :/ ,70 /-@Q'?0'1 07 X,7?X/ 7= 6'?<+,:?+.
/<7?X3 NA H7- +=' :, 17-@0U B.'+/' ?7,0+?0 7-= ?-/076'= /'=R:?'
/0+AA3
M*0, <)*$>&
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:,/0=-?0:7,/ +,1 /+A'0H =';-.+0:7,/ 7A 0<' .+6B 6+,-A+?0-='=3
>..7Y 0<' .+6B 07 ?77. 17Y, +BB=7B=:+0'.H @'A7=' H7-
?<+,;' :03
5R', +0 =776 0'6B'=+0-='U .+6B/ A:..'1 Y:0< D',7, ;+/ +='
/-@Q'?0'1 07 ?7,/:1'=+@.' :,0'=,+. B='//-='3 K<'='A7='U +.Y+H/
Y'+= ;.7R'/ +,1 A+?' B=70'?0:7, A7= H7-= B'=/7,+. /+A'0H3
]'R'= 07-?< 0<' ;.+// 7A 0<' .+6B/ Y:0< H7-= @+=' <+,1/3 5R',
0<' /.:;<0'/0 0=+?' 7A ;='+/' 6+H :6B+:= 0<' :,0',/:0H +,1
/'=R:?' .:A' 7A 0<' .+6B3
5,/-=' 0<+0 0<' -/'1 .+6B/ +=' 1:/B7/'1 7A :, + B=7B'= Y+H3
Z7= A-=0<'= :,A7=6+0:7,U B.'+/' /'' 0<' :,A7=6+0:7, .'+A.'0 ',%
?.7/'1 Y:0< 0<' 6'=?-=H /<7=0%+=? .+6BU '3;3 0<' a!P 2$J3
M.$& '/,,4G
`7-= >D:7B.+, <+/ @'', 1'/:;,'1 A7= -/' Y:0< + .:,' R7.0+;'
=+,;:,; A=76 2$$ 07 &#$ E +,1 S$ 07 L$ aT3
")*$>.$> %)& +/'&'
F76B+=06',0 ^F_ A7= 67-,0:,; 0<' :,/0=-6',0 A-/'/ :/ +./7.7?+0'1 7, 0<' ='+= 7A H7-= 6:?=7/?7B'3 N0 ?7,0+:,/ 0Y7 K# >a
A-/'/ A7= &S$ E3
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+ /6+.. /?='Y1=:R'=U :A ='I-:='1_U ='67R' 0<' 1'A'?0:R' A-/'
+,1 :,/'=0 + ,'Y 7,'3
! W='// 0<' A-/' ?76B+=06',0 @+?X :,07 0<' ='+= B+,'. 7A
0<' :,/0=-6',03
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R:+ 0<' O4 &J& :,0'=A+?'3
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0<', 0<' /7-=?' +11='// +,1 0<', 0<' +?0-+. ?766+,1o
> -,:A7=6 !NP4 ^!+/:? N,B-0 P-0B-0 4H/0'6_ ?7,0+:,:,; 0<'
?766-,:?+0:7, R:+ O4&J& +,1 F>] :/ -/'1 A7= +.. F>]% ,71'/
7, 0<' @+/:/ 7A 0<' M$FS28> -W3
Z-=0<'=67='U 0<' !NP4 +./7 ?7,0+:,/ + V7Y,.7+1 O7-0:,'
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/',0U 07 @' ?<+,;'1 1-=:,; 7B'=+0:7,3
Z-=0<'= ?766+,1/ +=' +R+:.+@.' A7= 0'/0 B-=B7/'/U '3;3 07 0'/0
6'67=H +,1 B7=0/3
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K<' F>]%@-/ ^"7,0=7..'= C='+ ('0Y7=X 4'=:+. F766-,:?+%
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0<' -/' 7A +BB=7D3 &L :,/0=-6',0 -,:0/ ^F>]%,71'/_ :, + ,'0%
Y7=X3
H&<)$.<*4 K*%*Y
% K=+,/A'= =+0' 6+D3 2$$$ X !+-1 ^2$$D A+/0'= 0<+, O4&J&
Y:0< (L$$ !+-1_
% /:,;.'%Y:=' 0=+,/A'= ^?+, +./7 @' -/'1 A7= .:;<0 ;-:1' 0=+,/%
A'=_
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% 6-.0:6+/0'=
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?76B-0'=_ :/ B'=A7=6'1 R:+ O4&J&3 K<' WF ?+, @' ?7,,'?0'1
07 +,H ='I-:='1 F>]%,71'3
^Z7= 0'/0 B-=B7/'/U :0 :/ +./7 B'=6:00'1 07 ?7,,'?0 /'R'=+. WF/
07 0<' F>]%,'0Y7=X_3
W=:7= 07 0=+,/6://:7, 7A '+?< :,1:R:1-+. ?<+=+?0'=U '+?< ?76%
6-,:?+0:7, B+=0,'= 6-/0 ?<'?X Y<'0<'= 0<' 70<'= B+=0,'= :/
='+1H A7= ='?'B0:7,3 K<' OK4 +,1 FK4 <+,1/<+X' .:,'/ +='
-/'1 A7= 0<:/3
]7=6+..HU 0<' N,0'==-B0%?7,0=7..'1 ='?'B0:7, =7-0:,' 7A +
F>]%,71' :/ +.Y+H/ +?0:R'3 NA A-,?0:7,/ +=' B'=A7=6'1 Y<'='
0:6' :/ + ?=:0:?+. A+?07=U 7= :A 0<' :,B-0 @-AA'= :/ A-..U 0<' <+,1%
/<+X' :/ /Y:0?<'1 07 j,70 ='+1H A7= ='?'B0:7,j3
>0 (L$$ !+-1U 7R'=A:..:,; 7A 0<' :,B-0 @-AA'= :/ ,70 B7//:@.' :,
0<' B=+?0:?'U /:,?' 0<' :,0'=B='0'= ,7=6+..H 1'+./ Y:0< 0<' 1+0+
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K*%* #+ %)& W@F1F .$%&-+*<&Y
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0<+0 7A 0<' WF ^/'' → Z:;3"SL_3
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<7/0)?7,0=7. B+,'. +,1 /:6-.0+,'7-/.H B'=A7=6/ :,?='6',0+.
B+=0 A-,?0:7,/ 7A /7%?+..'1 ?7,0:,-7-/ A-,?0:7,/3 F7,0:,-7-/
A-,?0:7,/ +=' A-,?0:7,/ Y<:?< ='I-:=' 0<' FW\ F>]%,71'/ 07
@' B'=6+,',0.H +?0:R' 7= Y<:?< ,''1 /76' 0:6' +,1 +='
0<'='A7=' B=7?'//'1 :,?='6',0+..H /7 0<+0 ?7,0=7. ?+, @'
A7=Y+=1'1 07 0<' ?766+,1 :,0'=B='0'= :, 0<' 6'+,0:6'3
^5D+6B.'g @.:,X:,; 7A 0<' ;='', 95V_3
NA + ?76B.'0' ?766+,1 <+/ @'', ='?':R'1 ^R:+ FO_U :0 Y:.. @'
B+//'1 7, 07 0<' ?766+,1 :,0'=B='0'= +,1 0<' /H/0'6 +17B0/
0<' /0+0-/ Z-,?0:7, W'=A7=6+,?'3
K<' A-,?0:7,/ +?0:R+0'1 @H 0<' ?766+,1 :,0'=B='0'= ?+, 0+X'
1+0+ A=76 0<' :,B-0 @-AA'= 7= Y=:0' 1+0+ :, 0<' 7-0B-0 @-AA'=3
^4-@/0+0-/'/ V+0+ O'?'B0:7,U V+0+ K=+,/6://:7,_3 K<' /0+,1
?7,0=7. ='0-=,/ 07 0<' @+/:? ?7,1:0:7, A=76 +.. /0+0-/'/ @H
+?0:R+0:7, 7A K:6' P-0U :A ,''1 @'3
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P,.H B=:,0+@.' >4FNN%?<+=+?0'=/U +,1 ,7 @:,+=H%?71'1 1+0+
^'D?'B0 0<' ?+==:+;' ='0-=, +/ ',1 ?<+=+?0'=_U +=' B'=6:00'13
> ?766+,1 ?7,/:/0/ 7A + ,+6' +,1 B+=+6'0'=/3 > ,+6' +.%
Y+H/ ?7,/:/0/ 7A 0Y7 .'00'=/3
K<' A:=/0 .'00'= ^+.Y+H/ + ?+B:0+. .'00'=_ ,7=6+..H 1'/:;,+0'/ 0<'
A-,?0:7, ;=7-BU 0<' /'?7,1 .'00'= ^?+B:0+. i CONK5U /6+.. i
O5>V_ 0<' +?0-+. A-,0:7,3
>.. B+=+6'0'=/ +=' ,-6'=:? ^N]K5[5OU M%@:0 _ +,1 /0=:,;/ +='
B'=6:00'13
40=:,; B+=+6'0'=/ +=' +.Y+H/ .+/0 +,1 +=' 1'.:6:0'1 @H I-70+%
0:7, 6+=X/ ^j_3 ]-6@'=/ +=' 0=+,/6:00'1 :, 1:AA'=',0 A:D'1 A7=%
6+0/3
C<', + ?766+,1 .:,' :/ 'D'?-0'1U 0<' /H,0+D :/ ?<'?X'13 NA
+ /H,0+D '==7= 7??-=/U +.. ?<+=+?0'=/ -B 07 0<' ,'D0 F>OON>[5
O5K\O] +=' @HB+//'1o
8/%,/% +#-0*%
5+?< ,-6'=:? 7= ,7,%,-6'=:? 7-0B-0 :/ 6+1' :, 0<' >4FNN%A7=%
6+03 40=:,;/ +=' 0=+,/6:00'1 Y:0<7-0 +,H /B'?:+. 1'.:6:0'=/
^I-70+0:7, 6+=X/_3
K<' 0+=;'0 +11='// +,1 /7-=?' +11='// :/ ;:R', @'A7=' 'R'=H
,-6@'= 7= 'R'=H /0=:,;U +,1 0<' F>OON>[5 O5K\O] ?<+=+?0'=
^a'D $V_ :/ 0<', ',0'='1 +/ 0<' ',1 ?<+=+?0'=3 N0 :/ 0<'='A7='
B7//:@.' +0 +.. 0:6'/ 07 /'' Y<:?< F>]%,71' 0<' 6'//+;' :/
?76:,; A=763
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0<' F>]%,71' ,70 @':,; ='+1H A7= ='?'B0:7, ^1:/B.+H'1 @H
<+,1/<+X'_3
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6:0 1+0+ Y<:?< :/ ,70 +??'B0'1 @H 0<' ='?:B:',0 7= :A + A-,?0:7,
Y+:0/ A7= ='?':R'= 1+0+ Y<:?< <+R' ,70 @'', 0=+,/6:00'13
4H,0+D '==7=/ 7??-= :AU A7= 'D+6B.'U +, :,?7=='?0 ?766+,1
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/<7=0U ?766+,1 ,70 'D:/0:,;_U 7= :A + ?766+,1 :/ 0=+,/6:00'1
Y:0< 0<' Y=7,; ,-6@'= 7A B+=+6'0'=/ 7= Y=7,; B+=+6'0'=
0HB'/3
5==7=/ :, A-,?0:7, 'D'?-0:7, 7??-= :A 0=+,/A'=='1 A-,?0:7,
B+=+%6'0'=/ 7= ?76@:,+0:7,/ 7A B+=+6'0'= R+.-'/ ='/-.0 :, A+:.
R+.-'/3
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7A @.7?X'1 6707=/_3
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5==7=/ +=' 1:/B.+H'1 +/ A7..7Y/g
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7, :, 0<' 'R',0 7A +, '==7= -,0:. @+?X7-0 7A 0<' '==7= /0+0-/
@H ='+1:,; 0<' '==7= @H0'3
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@' ='+1H 07 ='?':R' 1+0+_
! J % K:6'7-0 7, ='+1 ^A-,?0:7, Y+:0/ :, R+:, A7= 1+0+ A=76
<7/0_
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0+ 07 @' Y=:00', @H0'%@H%@H0' 7, +,H B7/:0:7, :, 0<' 6'67=H
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Z-=0<'=67='U ^K=,_ +,1 ^KB,_ B'=6:0 0<' >)V ?7,R'=0'= +,1
B7=0/ 7A 0<' -W S28> 07 @' ='+1U +,1 ^KB,_ ',+@.'/ 0<' B7=0/
07 @' Y=:00',3
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Y=7,; +BB.:?+0:7, 6+H ='/-.0 :, + /H/0'6 ?=+/<3
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95V :/ /Y:0?<'1 7,3
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F7,,'?0:,; 0-@'U 2L3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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F7,0=7./U 223 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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Z:.0'= 6+;+T:,'U 2&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Z:.0'= Y<''./ A7= 0=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0U 2&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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3
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9+=;'%A7=6+0 ?+6'=+U L&3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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9:;<0 :,0',/:0H ?7,0=7.U 223 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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*707= A7?-/:,;U 283 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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8
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P])PZZ /Y:0?<U 22U 283 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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6
W+=A7?+.:0HU &23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W+0< 1:AA'=',?'U 8$U 823 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W<+/' ?7,0=+/0U LL3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W<7076:?=7;=+B<HU 8(3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W7. =70+=H /0+;'U #M3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W7.+=:T+0:7,U L(U 8$U 82U 8&U 883 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W7.+=:T'=U S83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W-/<=71 A7= 0<' .-6:,7-/%A:'.1 1:+B<=+;6U 2J3 3 3 3 3 3
k
r-+=0T 1'B7.+=:T'=U S83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
W
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O'A.'?0:7, B.'7?<=7:/6U 883 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
O'A.'?07= 0-=='0U 8U 2S3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
O70+=H ?76B',/+07=U S83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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40+,1U 83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5)*PKU @+?XU 2(3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6+,-+.U 223 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6+,-+.U @+?XU 2L3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
40+,1 5)*PKU 283 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
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K:.0:,; ?76B',/+07=U S83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K7;;.' /Y:0?<U 2L3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K=+,/6:00'1 .:;<0U 83 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 @=:;<0A:'.1U LJ3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1+=XA:'.1U L#3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
K=+,/6:00'1%.:;<0U B7.+=:T+0:7,U L(U 8$U 82U 8&3 3 3 3 3 3
K-=,:,; ?7,,'?0'1 6707=:T'1 ?76B7,',0/U 2M3 3 3 3 3 3
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