012 VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1830

• Most successful and England’s major contribution– Individualistic– Architectural training haphazard– Prosperity 1830 – 70, many buildings constructed

• Development– Gothic revival to 1800– Post 1800, gaps despite gothic scholarship– 1830’s – gaps begin to bridge

HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, LONDON 1836 - 60

• Barry and Pugin– Barry, classical plan, symmetrical– Pugin, asymmetrical gothic facade

• Contradictions– Tudor details on a classical body– Gave legitimacy and an appeal to the style

AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTHMORE PUGIN

• Author of “Contrasts” and “The true principles of pointed or Christian architecture”.– Synthesized gothic archaeology, French rationalist theory and

Roman Catholicism (escapism)

• Only true architecture for England is gothic– Only pre-perpendicular was true gothic

• Radical functionalism– Each part assumes necessary plan and volume and must be set

together in an orderly way. (all equal)

• Puginesque buildings– Function to plan, plan to interior volumes, interior volumes to

external massing. Result is picturesque looking buildings.

HIGH VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1853

• John Ruskin– Main force in survival of historicism– Author of “Seven lamps of architecture”, 1849, and

“The stones of Venice” 1851 – 53– Raged against modern age– Praised ancient buildings and craftsmen

• Architectural aesthetic centered on “unnecessary” features of a building.

• William Butterfield• Church of All Saints – 1852

– Commissioned by reform group• Ecclesiological Society

Sought to emphasize spirituality and provide colorful setting for clergy.

– Constructed of brick for color and texture• Influenced by Sienna Cathedral

– Program “squeezed” onto small site• Steep, vertical proportions

– Interior composed of dense polychrome• Patterns compete

• Chapel of Keble College 1867 - 83

• George Edmund Street– St. Paul’s American Church, Rome, 1873 – 76– Law Courts

• Secular High Victorian Gothic– Oxford University Museum 1855

• Deane and Woodward

– Albert Memorial 1863• G.C. Scott