01082019 toinied mp 02 1 col r1.qxd mcsa90~epm 572...
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In attaining our ideals,our means should be as pure as the end! Dr Rajendra Prasad 02 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM Zoologists and lion researchers say that ‘The Lion King’ gets real-life lion family dynamics wrong. For instance, it’s always a matriarch which actually leads a lion pride... W atching Simba and his pals try to regain their rightful place in the king- dom may have you think- ing that Disney’s “The Lion King” is a pretty accurate depiction of what happens in the African savanna. But it’s no nature documentary. Real lions don’t rule over other creatures. And they certainly don’t try to return home once they’ve left the lion pride. Disney took a lot of creative licence when it comes to lion behaviour and family dynamics, zoologists and lion researchers say. If the movie were true to big-cat life, the rivalry between Simba’s father Mu- fasa and his uncle Scar would not have existed, and the lion cub would not have been forced to flee so young. In fact, Mufasa would not have ruled the pride at all.“It’s always a matriarch who actually leads a lion pride,” said Craig Saffoe, curator of great cats at Smithsonian’s National Zoo in Washing- ton, the US Simba’s mother Sarabi would have been the more likely leader of the group. And the movie would have been more accurate if it were called “The Lion Queen”. In a typical African pride, there are three to six adult females. Most daugh- ters are recruited to stay with their moth- er’s pride until they die, so there are of- ten several generations of related females, making the lion society quite matriar- chal. Two or three adult males also live with the females. They are usually broth- ers or pride mates who have formed a coalition to help protect the females. But they spend only a few years with the pride — long enough to produce more offspring — before they go out and seek a new one. So if Disney had followed typical big cat behaviour, Scar and Mufasa would have happily co-existed in their pride. “It’s possible that Mufasa would have been the more dominant one in the coalition, but one of the females would have been dominant over both of them,” said Saffoe. MISSES Real lions don’t rule over other crea- tures. And they certainly don’t try to re- turn home once they’ve left the lion pride. Although male lions appear much big- ger and more aggressive, females are more dominant. They do the important decision-making. They are in charge of the majority of hunting and cub-raising. HITS One aspect of lion family life that Dis- ney did get right, however, is the affec- tion Mufasa shows to his son. When adult males return from patrolling the pride territory, they seem to enjoy getting to know their cubs, with lots of licking, head rubbing and purring involved. Buzz Aldrin wearing the Moonwalk Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the moon – July 20, 1969. Yuri Gagarin’s SK-1 Suit On April 12, 1961, Soviet cos- monaut Yuri Gagarin ushered in the era of manned space- flight aboard Vostok 1. During the flight, he wore an SK-1 pressure suit with an auxil- iary life support system. Russia’s Sokol Spacesuits During launch and landing, Russian cosmonauts wear Sokol spacesuits. The suits date back to early times in Russia’s space programme. The full-pressure space suit, equipped with an auxil- iary life support system and survival features, pro- vided for cosmonaut safety under all expected envi- ronmental conditions of flight. Ejection Escape Suit When the first shuttle flight, STS-1, lifted off on April 12, 1981, astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen wore the ejection escape suit. Both the ejection suits and ejection seats were attached to the specially designed suits with life support system. Chinese spacesuits for launch China has also developed two spacesuit types, one for launches and landings aboard the country’s Shenzhou space capsules, and another suit, the Feitian, for spacewalks. HERE: The crew of China’s fourth human spaceflight Shenzhou 9, which includes China’s first woman astronaut liu Yang (left), veteran Jing Haipeng, and first-time flyer Liu Wang. Gordon Cooper in Project Mercury Suit - 1959 The Mercury space suit (or Navy Mark IV) was a full- body, high-altitude pressure suit originally developed by the BF Goodrich Company and the US Navy for pilots of high-altitude fighter aircraft. It’s best known for its role as the spacesuit worn for all manned Project Mercury spaceflights. HERE: Gordon Cooper in 1959 Mercury flight suit. The complete Suit Astronaut John Young wore the complete ejection escape suit mod- eled here. The suits weren’t designed for EVAs in space, but just in case Nasa had to abort a mission on the way to space, and astro- nauts needed to survive an ejection from a supersonic craft. Glenn in Mercury Suit Astronaut John Glenn was the first American to orbit Earth in 1962 in his Mercury suit. The spacesuit was developed by the BF Goodrich Company. This Navy MK-IV full pressure suit came with 100% life support systems. Project Apollo Spacesuit Engineer Bill Peterson fits test pilot Bob Smyth in an Apollo space suit with a Lunar Excursion Module restraint har- ness during suit testing in 1968. This suit was designed special- ly for lunar landings. Apollo 14 command- er Alan Shepard Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard during suit checks before his trip to the lunar sur- face in 1971. Project Gemini Mission Spacesuits The suit is worn for launch, in- flight activities and landing. It was designed on the basis of the X-15 high-altitude pressure suit. Project Gemini Spacesuit Moonwalker Neil Armstrong wears his Gemini G-2C training suit. Unlike the “soft” Mercury suit, the whole Gemini suit was made to be flexible when pressurised. This is supposed to be the “best suit that has been made”. Russia’s Orlan Spacesuit Russia’s Orlan spacesuits are bulkier than NASA’s EMU versions, with cosmonauts donning them by climbing through an opening in the back. They are used aboard the International Space Station for Russian spacewalks. China in Space China’s Feitian spacesuit was mod- elled after the Orlan-M spacesuit developed by Russia. The two kinds of suits are similar in shape and volume and are designed for spacewalks of up to seven hours, providing oxygen and allowing for the excretion of bodily waste. MK III Advanced Spacesuit Dr Dean Eppler wears the MK III advanced demonstration space- suit during a 2002 field test of futuristic technology in Arizona. First American Spacewalk The Gemini spacesuit was Ed White’s per- sonal spacecraft when he left the Gemini IV capsule for the first American spacewalk on June 3, 1965. Floating Free Spacesuit In February 1984, shuttle astro- naut Bruce McCandless became the first astronaut to float in space untethered, thanks to a device called Manned Manuevering Unit, or MMU which was a part of his spacesuit. Pumpkin Suit The familiar orange launch-and-entry suit worn by shuttle crews is nicknamed “pumpkin suit” for its colour. 1 Which American President felt the pressure to beat the then Soviet Union in the space race and announced the dramatic goal of putting an American on the Moon? A. Dwight D Eisenhower, B. John F Kennedy, C. Lyndon B Johnson 2 Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee – who are they? A. They could have been the first Americans to get to space, B. They were the first Americans to get to space, C. They were the crew of NASA’s Mercury Missions, the pre- cursor to the Apollo Missions 3 Which of the following Apollo Missions was the first American one to get to space? A. Apollo 1, B. Apollo 7, C. Apollo 3 4 What does the term “Earthrise” refer to? A. Photo of Earth taken by Neil Armstrong from the Moon B. Photo of Earth taken by a crew member of Apollo 8 spacecraft orbiting the Moon C. Photo of Earth taken by the International Space Station 5 We know Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. But who was the third crew member who was aboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft? A. Thomas Stafford, B. Eugene Cernan, C. Michael Collins 6 Which of the following is true about Apollo 10, the predecessor of the Moon craft? A. Its lunar module’s docking was the first colour television trans- mission from space B. It took the first crewed flight around the Moon C. It was the first to carry a lunar module into orbit 7 When did the US end its lunar flights? A. 1972, B. 1975, C. 1980 8 By when does the US want to go back to the Moon, “this time to stay”? A. 2024, B. 2020, C. 2029 9 What is common between the Chandrayaan 2 mission and the NASA’s mission to go back to the Moon? A. The Lunar North Pole B. The Lunar South Pole 10 Which was the last Apollo mission? A. Apollo 17, B. Apollo 12, C. Apollo 13 What is a spacesuit? A spacesuit is much more than a set of clothes astronauts wear on space- walks. A fully equipped spacesuit is really a one-person spacecraft. The formal name for the spacesuit used on the space shuttle and International Space Station is the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or EMU. “Extravehicular” means outside the vehicle or spacecraft. “Mobility” means that the astronaut can move around in the suit. The spacesuit pro- tects the astronaut from the dangers of being outside in space. What are the parts of a spacesuit? The Hard Upper Torso covers the astronaut’s chest. The arm assembly covers the arms and connects to the gloves. The helmet and Extravehicular Visor Assembly are designed to protect the astronaut’s head. The lower torso assembly cov- ers the astronaut’s legs and feet. The flexible parts of the suit are made from several layers of material. SHOULD IT BE THE LION QUEEN ? THE EVOLUTION OF THE SPACESUIT The spacesuit may be the ultimate fashion statement. A suit that is both a personal spaceship and a life support pod, it allows astronauts to work in harsh conditions. These images show how the spacesuit has evolved through the years ANSWERS: 1. B, 2. A, 3. B, 4. B, 5. C, 6. A, 7. A, 8. A, 9. B, 10. A
Transcript of 01082019 toinied mp 02 1 col r1.qxd mcsa90~epm 572...
In attaining our ideals,our meansshould be as pure as the end!
Dr Rajendra Prasad02 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM
Zoologists and lion researcherssay that ‘The Lion King’ getsreal-life lion family dynamicswrong. For instance, it’s alwaysa matriarch which actually leadsa lion pride...
Watching Simba and hispals try to regain theirrightful place in the king-dom may have you think-ing that Disney’s “The
Lion King” is a pretty accurate depictionof what happens in the African savanna.But it’s no nature documentary. Real lionsdon’t rule over other creatures. And they
certainly don’t try to return home oncethey’ve left the lion pride. Disney took alot of creative licence when it comes to lionbehaviour and family dynamics, zoologistsand lion researchers say.
If the movie were true to big-cat life,the rivalry between Simba’s father Mu-fasa and his uncle Scar would not haveexisted, and the lion cub would not havebeen forced to flee so young.
In fact, Mufasa would not have ruledthe pride at all.“It’s always a matriarchwho actually leads a lion pride,” saidCraig Saffoe, curator of great cats atSmithsonian’s National Zoo in Washing-ton, the US Simba’s mother Sarabi wouldhave been the more likely leader of thegroup. And the movie would have beenmore accurate if it were called “The LionQueen”. In a typical African pride, there
are three to six adult females. Most daugh-ters are recruited to stay with their moth-er’s pride until they die, so there are of-ten several generations of related females,making the lion society quite matriar-chal. Two or three adult males also livewith the females. They are usually broth-ers or pride mates who have formed acoalition to help protect the females. Butthey spend only a few years with the pride— long enough to produce more offspring— before they go out and seek a new one.So if Disney had followed typical big catbehaviour, Scar and Mufasa would havehappily co-existed in their pride.
“It’s possible that Mufasa wouldhave been the more dominant one in thecoalition, but one of the females wouldhave been dominant over both of them,”said Saffoe.
MISSESReal lions don’t rule over other crea-tures. And they certainly don’t try to re-turn home once they’ve left the lion pride.Although male lions appear much big-ger and more aggressive, females aremore dominant. They do the importantdecision-making. They are in charge ofthe majority of hunting and cub-raising.
HITSOne aspect of lion family life that Dis-ney did get right, however, is the affec-tion Mufasa shows to his son. When adultmales return from patrolling the prideterritory, they seem to enjoy getting toknow their cubs, with lots of licking, headrubbing and purring involved.
Buzz Aldrinwearing theMoonwalkApollo 11 astronautBuzz Aldrin on thesurface of the moon– July 20, 1969.
Yuri Gagarin’s SK-1 SuitOn April 12, 1961, Soviet cos-monaut Yuri Gagarin usheredin the era of manned space-flight aboard Vostok 1. Duringthe flight, he wore an SK-1pressure suit with an auxil-iary life support system.
Russia’s SokolSpacesuitsDuring launch and landing,Russian cosmonauts wearSokol spacesuits. The suitsdate back to early times inRussia’s space programme.The full-pressure space suit, equipped with an auxil-iary life support system and survival features, pro-vided for cosmonaut safety under all expected envi-ronmental conditions of flight.
Ejection Escape SuitWhen the first shuttle flight,STS-1, lifted off on April 12,1981, astronauts John Youngand Robert Crippen wore theejection escape suit. Both the ejection suits andejection seats were attachedto the specially designed suits with life support system.
Chinese spacesuits for launchChina has also developed twospacesuit types, one forlaunches and landings aboardthe country’s Shenzhou spacecapsules, and another suit,the Feitian, for spacewalks.HERE: The crew of China’sfourth human spaceflight Shenzhou 9, which includesChina’s first woman astronaut liu Yang (left), veteran JingHaipeng, and first-time flyer Liu Wang.
Gordon Cooper inProject Mercury Suit - 1959The Mercury space suit (orNavy Mark IV) was a full-body, high-altitude pressuresuit originally developed bythe BF Goodrich Companyand the US Navy for pilots ofhigh-altitude fighter aircraft.It’s best known for its role asthe spacesuit worn for allmanned Project Mercuryspaceflights. HERE: GordonCooper in 1959 Mercuryflight suit.
The complete SuitAstronaut John Young wore thecomplete ejection escape suit mod-eled here. The suits weren’tdesigned for EVAs in space, but justin case Nasa had to abort a missionon the way to space, and astro-nauts needed to survive an ejectionfrom a supersonic craft.
Glenn in Mercury SuitAstronaut John Glenn was the firstAmerican to orbit Earth in 1962 inhis Mercury suit. The spacesuitwas developed by the BF GoodrichCompany. This Navy MK-IV fullpressure suit came with 100% lifesupport systems.
Project ApolloSpacesuitEngineer Bill Peterson fits testpilot Bob Smyth in an Apollospace suit with a LunarExcursion Module restraint har-ness during suit testing in 1968.This suit was designed special-ly for lunar landings.
Apollo 14 command-er Alan ShepardApollo 14 commander AlanShepard during suit checksbefore his trip to the lunar sur-face in 1971.
Project GeminiMission SpacesuitsThe suit is worn for launch, in-flight activities and landing. Itwas designed on the basis of theX-15 high-altitude pressure suit.
Project GeminiSpacesuitMoonwalker Neil Armstrong wearshis Gemini G-2C training suit.Unlike the “soft” Mercury suit, thewhole Gemini suit was made to beflexible when pressurised. This issupposed to be the “best suit thathas been made”.
Russia’s OrlanSpacesuitRussia’s Orlan spacesuits arebulkier than NASA’s EMU versions,with cosmonauts donning themby climbing through an opening inthe back. They are used aboardthe International Space Stationfor Russian spacewalks.
China in SpaceChina’s Feitian spacesuit was mod-elled after the Orlan-M spacesuitdeveloped by Russia. The twokinds of suits are similar in shapeand volume and are designed forspacewalks of up to seven hours,providing oxygen and allowing forthe excretion of bodily waste.
MK III AdvancedSpacesuitDr Dean Eppler wears the MK IIIadvanced demonstration space-suit during a 2002 field test offuturistic technology in Arizona.
First American SpacewalkThe Gemini spacesuit was Ed White’s per-sonal spacecraft when he left the Gemini IVcapsule for the first American spacewalk onJune 3, 1965.
Floating Free SpacesuitIn February 1984, shuttle astro-naut Bruce McCandless becamethe first astronaut to floatin space untethered,thanks to a devicecalled MannedManuevering Unit,or MMU which wasa part of hisspacesuit.
Pumpkin SuitThe familiar orangelaunch-and-entry suitworn by shuttlecrews is nicknamed“pumpkin suit” forits colour.
1Which American President feltthe pressure to beat the then
Soviet Union in the space race andannounced the dramatic goal ofputting an American on the Moon?
A. Dwight D Eisenhower, B. John FKennedy, C. Lyndon B Johnson
2Gus Grissom, Ed White andRoger Chaffee – who are they?
A. They could have been the firstAmericans to get to space, B. Theywere the first Americans to get tospace, C. They were the crew ofNASA’s Mercury Missions, the pre-cursor to the Apollo Missions
3Which of the following ApolloMissions was the first
American one to get to space?
A. Apollo 1, B. Apollo 7, C. Apollo 3
4What does the term“Earthrise” refer to?
A. Photo of Earth taken by NeilArmstrong from the Moon B. Photo of Earth taken by a crewmember of Apollo 8 spacecraftorbiting the Moon C. Photo of Earth taken by theInternational Space Station
5We know Neil Armstrong andBuzz Aldrin. But who was the
third crew member who wasaboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft?
A. Thomas Stafford, B. EugeneCernan, C. Michael Collins
6Which of the following istrue about Apollo 10, the
predecessor of the Moon craft?
A. Its lunar module’s docking wasthe first colour television trans-mission from space B. It took the first crewed flightaround the Moon C. It was the first to carry a lunarmodule into orbit
7When did the US end its lunarflights?
A. 1972, B. 1975, C. 1980
8By when does the US want togo back to the Moon, “this
time to stay”?
A. 2024, B. 2020, C. 2029
9What is common between theChandrayaan 2 mission and
the NASA’s mission to go back tothe Moon?
A. The Lunar North PoleB. The Lunar South Pole
10Which was the last Apollomission?
A. Apollo 17, B. Apollo 12, C. Apollo 13
What is a spacesuit?A spacesuit is much more than a setof clothes astronauts wear on space-walks. A fully equipped spacesuit isreally a one-person spacecraft. Theformal name for the spacesuit used onthe space shuttle and InternationalSpace Station is the ExtravehicularMobility Unit, or EMU.“Extravehicular” means outside thevehicle or spacecraft. “Mobility”means that the astronaut can movearound in the suit. The spacesuit pro-tects the astronaut from the dangersof being outside in space.
What are the parts of a spacesuit?The Hard Upper Torso covers theastronaut’s chest. The arm assemblycovers the arms and connects to thegloves. The helmet andExtravehicular Visor Assembly aredesigned to protect the astronaut’shead. The lower torso assembly cov-ers the astronaut’s legs and feet. Theflexible parts of the suit are madefrom several layers of material.
SHOULD IT BE THE LION QUEEN?
THE EVOLUTIONOF THE
SPACESUITThe spacesuitmay be theultimate fashionstatement. A suitthat is both apersonalspaceship and alife support pod,it allowsastronauts towork in harshconditions. Theseimages show howthe spacesuit hasevolved throughthe years
ANSWERS: 1. B, 2. A, 3. B, 4. B, 5. C, 6. A, 7. A, 8. A, 9. B, 10. A
