01-TIKP-perkemb-ict

23/01/2014

1

TIK dalam PENDIDIKAN

1 Perkembangan TIK

Dr.rer.nat. Bambang Heru Iswanto, M.Si

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

Perkembangan TIK sangat pesat...

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Definisi

Information Technology (IT) or Information and Communication Technology (ICT) describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminateinformation

(Teknologi Informasi (TI) atau Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) menggambarkan segala teknologi yang membantu untuk menghasilkan, memanipulasi, menyimpan, mengkomunikasikan, dan/atau menyebarkan informasi)

17/01/2012 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 3

Apa itu informasi ?

Apa beda data dan informasi ?

Bagaimana menghasilkan informasi ?

1/17/2014 2014 Dr. B. Heru Iswanto - Universitas Negeri Jakarta 4

23/01/2014

2

3-5

Pre-Computer Calculations

Counting on fingers and toes

Stone or bead abacus Calculate comes from calculus, the Latin word for

stone

1642: first mechanical adding machine Invented by Blaise Pascal Wheels moved counters Modified in 1674 by Von Leibnitz

Age of industrialization Mechanical loomed used punch cards

3-6

Early Computing

19th Century Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine,

which could calculate, store values in memory, perform logical comparisons

Never built because of lack of electronics

1880s Holleriths punched cards used to record census data

using On/Off patterns The holes turned sensors On or Off when run

through tabulating machine This company became the foundation for IBM

3-7

Electronic Computers

1946 - First Generation Computer ENIAC Programmable 5000 calculations per second Used vacuum tubes Drawbacks were size and processing ability

1950s ENIAC replaced by UNIVAC 1, then the

IBM 704 Calculations jumped to 100,000 per second

3-8

Waves of Computing

Late 1950s - Second Generation Transistors replaced vacuum tubes 200,000 to 250,000 calculations per second

Mid-1960s - Third Generation Integrated circuitry and miniaturization

1971 - Fourth Generation Further miniaturization Multiprogramming and virtual storage

1980s - Fifth Generation Millions of calculations per second

23/01/2014

3

3-9

Microcomputers

1975 ALTAIR flicking switches

1977 Commodore and Radio Shack produce personal

computers

1979 Apple computer, the fastest selling PC thus far

1982 IBM introduced the PC, which changed the market

Kategori Sisem Komputer

Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 10

Jenis Komputer

Supercomputers

Mainframe Computers, Middelware (server)

Workstations

Microcomputers

Microcontrollers

17/01/2012


Pemanfaatan Komputer

Jenis Komputer Pemanfaatan Pendidikan

Supercomputer

Mainframe Computers, Middelware (server)

Workstations

Microcomputers

Microcontrollers


23/01/2014

4

TIK dalam PENDIDIKAN

2 Perkembangan Hardware

Dr.rer.nat. Bambang Heru Iswanto, M.Si

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

Infrastruktur TIK

Infrastruktur TIK

Hardware

Komputer

Jaringan Komputer

Software


Konsep Sistem Komputer


Konsep Sistem Komputer... (1)

Tujuan komputer Mengolah data menjadi informasi Data : the raw facts and figures Information : data that has been summarized and

manipulated for use in decision making

Hardware & Software Hardware: the machinery and equipment in the

computer Software: the electronic instructions that tell the

computer how to perform a task


23/01/2014

5

3-17

Computer System Concept...

A system of hardware devices organized by function

Input Keyboards, touch screens, pens, electronic mice,

optical scanners

Converts data into electronic form for entry into computer system

Processing Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU subunits: arithmetic-logic and control unit

3-18

Computer System Concept

Output Video display units, printers, audio response units,

and so on

Converts electronic information into human-intelligible form

Storage Primary storage (memory)

Secondary storage (disk drives)

Control CPU controls other components of the system

Communication: Sending and receiving data

3-19

Computer System Concept Konsep Sistem Komputer... (2)

17/01/2012 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 3-20

23/01/2014

6

17/01/2012 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 21 17/01/2012 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 22

Kebutuhan Processor

23 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3-24

Computer Processing Speeds

Early computers Milliseconds (thousandths of a second) Microseconds (millionths of a second)

Current computers Nanoseconds (billionth of a second) Picoseconds (trillionth of a second)

Program instruction processing speeds Megahertz (millions of cycles per second) Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second)

Commonly called the clock speed

23/01/2014

7

3-25

Computer Processing Speeds

Throughput The ability to perform useful computation or data

processing assignments during a given period

Speed is dependant on Size of circuitry paths (buses) that interconnect

microprocessor components

Capacity of instruction processing registers

Use of high-speed cache memory

Use of specialized microprocessor, such as math coprocessor

Hukum Moore (Moores Law)

Diamati pada 1965, yang masih valid hingga sekarang ...

A doubling in the number of transistors per IC every 18 - 24 months

Common corollary of Moores Law Computing prices will be cut in half every 18 - 24

months (This has been consistently accurate) Applies to cost of storage as well

17/01/2012 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id 3-26


Media Penyimpa (Storage)


23/01/2014

8

29 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

31 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Secondary StorageFlash Memory

Nonvolatile memory with no moving parts But the electronics can wear out Available as

Flash memory cards Insert these into a flash port of a camera, handheld PC, smartphone

Flash memory sticks A form of flash memory that plugs into a memory stick port

Flash memory drives A finger-sized module of flash memory

Plugs into the USB port of most PCs and Macintoshes

Discussion Question: What type of Secondary Storage do you use ? 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

23/01/2014

9


SMART CARDS A smart card is a plastic card the size of a credit

card with an integrated circuita microprocessor and memory chipsbuilt into it.

Secondary StorageOnline Secondary Storage

Allows you to use the internet to back up your data Sign up with a vendor and receive access to software that

allows you to upload your data to that companys server Files should be encrypted to maintain security Use only for vital files that require immediate availability Use tape, removable hard disk cartridges, zip disks, optical

storage or tape for normal backup


What are some of the disadvantages when

using online secondary storage?

3-35

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

One of the newest and fastest growing storage technologies System for tagging and identifying mobile objects Used with store merchandise, postal packages,

casino chips, pets Special reader allows objects to be tracked as they

move from place to place Chips half the size of a grain of sand

Passive chips derive power from reader signal Active chips are self-powered

3-36

RFID Versus Bar Coding

RFID Scans from greater distance

Can store data

Allows more information to be tracked

Privacy concerns Invisible nature of the system

Capacity to transmit fairly sophisticated messages

23/01/2014

10

3-37

Pilih yang mana... ?

Future


Future Developments in Processing & Storage

New Technology

1. M-RAM

2. OUM

3. Nanotechnology

4. Optical Computing

5. DNA Computing

6. Quantum Computing

Description of Processing Technology

1. Magnetic RAM uses miniscule magnets rather than electrical charges

2. Ovonic Multiplied Memory stores bits by generating different levels of low and high resistance on a glossy material

3. Tiny machines work at a molecular level to make nanocircuits

4. Uses lasers and light, not electricity

5. Uses strands of synthetic DNA to store data

6. Based on quantum mechanics and stores information using particle states


Future Developments in Processing & Storage

New Technology

1. Higher-density disks

2. Molecular electronics

Description of Storage Technology

1. Higher Density Disksa. Blank CDs are replacing floppy disks since

they hold up to 700 MB and cost < $1 each

b. DVD disks hold up to 9.4 GB of data currently

c. Perpendicular recording technology allows 25% - 100% more data to be stored on the same disk

2. Polymer memory creates chips that store data on plastics

a. Nonvolatile memory

b. Data is stored based on polymers electrical resistance


23/01/2014

11

Mengenali Sistem Komputer Anda..

MS-DOS Shell : >> cmd Directory, Files.. : >> cd.., delete, ren, .. Networks : >> ipconfig /all Diagnosis : >> dxdiag Configure : >> msconfig Registry : >> regedt Process : Ctr + Alt + Del


01-TIKP-perkemb-ict

Documents

Transcript of 01-TIKP-perkemb-ict