01 Status of Petroleum Industries
Transcript of 01 Status of Petroleum Industries
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Status of Petroleum industries
and Trends of Quality in Korea
Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality
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Contentsontents1. Status of Petroleum Industries in Korea1. Status of Petroleum Industries in Korea
2. Status of Automobile Industries in Korea2. Status of Automobile Industries in Korea
3. Status of Petroleum Product Distribution3. Status of Petroleum Product Distribution
4. Quality Control of Petroleum Product4. Quality Control of Petroleum Product
5. Future Trends of Petroleum Quality Spec.5. Future Trends of Petroleum Quality Spec.
6. Others6. Others
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Status of Petroleum Industries in Korea1.1.
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Change of energy consumption in Koreahange of energy consumption in KoreaThe ratio of petroleum consumption is decreasing,
but LNG and Atomic energy isincreasing
22.510.7
2.0 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1
7.615.5
16.7 20.6 21.2 21.6 21.6 22.0 21.9
61.153.8 62.5 52.0 50.6 49.3 47.6 45.6 44.4
3.2 6.1 9.8 10.5 11.1 11.2 12.9 13.3
2.014.2
11.1 14.1 14.1 14.3 15.1 14.8 16.16.8
2.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
OthersNuclear energyLNGPetroleumBituminous coal
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Classification Unit 80 90 00 03 04 05
1st energyconsumption
(rate of increase)
million TOE
(%)
%
Refining ability 1000 B/day - 840 2,438 2,438 2,438 2,735
Energy
dependence on
overseas
% 73.5 87.9 97.2 96.9 96.7 96.8
Amount of imports(rate of increase)
100 million $(%)
66.2 109.1 378.9(66.6)
383.1(18.6)
496.0(29.5)
667(34.5)
Energy ratio of the
gross import% 29.6 15.6 23.6 21.4 22.1 25.5
%
228.6(3.8)
Dependence on
Petroleum
220.2(2.4)
215.1(3.1)
192.9(6.4)
93.2(14.1)
43.9(1.6)
52.061.1 53.8
-1.5 9.2
47.6
8.5
45.7
3.1
44.4
4.7GDP growth rate 4.0
Energy dependence on overseas : 96.8 , the amount of energy imports : 66.7billion dollars (2005)
MOCIE
Main Energy Indicatorain Energy Indicator
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Classification 2002 2003
19,761 20,0331 20,655
5,455
2,300
5,360
2,308
JAPAN 5,359 5,288 3
KOREA 2,282 2,280 7
2004 2005
Rank
U.S.20,517
The largest country of petroleum consumption is U.S. and Japan is the 3rd. Korea is the 7th (230 million barrel/yr)
BP Statistics (June 2006)
Consumptiononsumption
(UNIT : 1000
B/D)
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Refining ability : U.S, China, Russia and Japan followed by Korea (5th) Korea, the 4th (crude imports volume per year)
The comparison of petroleum industrieshe comparison of petroleum industries
Classification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Petroleum
consumption
(1000 B/day)
U.S.
20,655
Petroleum
refining ability
(1000B/day)
U.S.17,355
CHINA6,587
RUSSIA5,412
JAPAN4,531
KOREA2,598
INDIA2,558
GERMA
NY
2,322
U.S.
10,357.6
KOREA
2,038
INDIA
2,485
GERMANY
2,586
RUSSIA
2,753
JAPAN
5,360
CHINA
6,988
JAPAN
3,923.1
GERMAN
Y2,979.6
KOREA
2,729.0
FRANCE
1,895.2
CHINA
1,559.6
Crude oil
imports(1000B/day)
ITALY
1,767.0
1. Petroleum consumption, Refining Ability (BP statistics in 2006 & 2005)
2. Crude Oil imports (World Oil Trade, September 2004)
* Including bunkering in petroleum consumption
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Dependence : 83 on the Middle East, 11 on Asia and 5 on Africa
Status of crude oil importtatus of crude oil import
MOCIE
73.379.5 78.1
81.8 83.1
17.312.5 14.1 13.3 11.2
4.5 4.2 5.2 4.1 5.2.9 3.8 2.6 0.9 0.40.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006.1-6
The Middle East The Asia The Africa The U.S & Europe
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Korean and Japan depend on the high level.
Energy dependence of the Middle East Areanergy dependence of the Middle East Area
KOREA CHINA JAPAN U.S. GERMANY FRANCE
82.1 41.2 90.0 23.4 7.7 29.4
NOTE) For Korea, China, Japan and U.S (as of 2006. 5 )
For France & Germany (as of 2003)
(UNIT : %
)
MOCIE
90.082.1
41.2
29.423.4
7.70.0
10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0
100.0
JAPAN KOREA CHINA FRANCE U.S. GERMANY
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Rise &
Fall rate
(%)
Rise &
Fall
rate(%)
30.4
2.9
51.2
26.7
11.6
35.4
Classification Recordin 2004
Recordin 2005
Prospectsin 2006
Sum
(100milion$)
101.7
Volume
(million$)
Unit cost
($/B)
235.5
43.2
153.8
262.8 270.5
58.3 74.1
200.5
Petroleum
product
Petroleum export is increasing rapidly. In 2006, it is expecting to be 270 million barrel.
Record & outlook of exports of petroleum productecord & outlook of exports of petroleum product
MOCIE
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Mainly ranks diesel, B-C oil, aviation oil, etc,. Korea is Importing to China, Japan, U.S, etc,.
The ratio of petroleum exportshe ratio of petroleum exports& exporting countries in 2005exporting countries in 2005
PRODUCT GASOLINE KEROSENE
DIESEL AVIATIONOILS
32.7
BC NAPTHA OTHERS
20.8Ratio(%) 1.7 21.45.5 9.8 8.1
* The total quantity : 262.7 million Barrel (15.38 billion $ )
(Export ratio)
RANK 1 2 4
Country China Japan U.S. Singapore Hong-Kong Vietnam
6.824.4
3 5 6
Ratio(%) 26.7 11.9 3.8 2.4
(Export countries)
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Registration of petroleum importer (as of 2006)Private : 17, Import as proxy : 9, Import & Sale : 39 (Total 65 companies)
The market share of petroleum importershe market share of petroleum importers
YEAR 00 01 02 03 04 05
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
7.861.97 4.50 5.94 3.00 1.68
(UNIT : %
)
The number of petroleum importers has decreased from 2002due to the expensive price of crude oilAt present, forms 1.68 of market share
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Lower level in Korea, however, are introducing them actively to strengthenenvironmental restriction and product export
To development of their facilitieso development of their facilities
Facilities
Country AtmosphericRefining
RFCCCatalytic
ReformationSubtotal
U.S. 17,126 9,537 3,508 13,045 76.2
Russia 5,341 856 746 1,602 30.0
Japan 4,672 1,147 672 1,819 38.9
China 6,246 796 156 952 15.2
Korea 2,808 393 230 623 22.2
Italy 2,324 1,124 283 1,407 60.5
Germany 2,344 858
Ratio(%)
388 1,246 53.2
(UNIT : 1000 B/D)
2005 Oil & Gas Journal databook, January of 2006
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S-Oil refineries has 32.4 , the highest level of Korea refineriesFacilities
RefineryAtmospheric
Refining
RFCC
Catalytic
Reformation subtotal (Plan)
SK 840 102 45 147 (60)
(55)
(150)
(70)
(55)
(390)
17.5
(24.6)
GS-Caltex 723 90 81 17123.7
(30.2)
S-OiL580
(1,060)143 45 188
32.4
(31.9)
Hundai
Oilbank390 58 25 83
21.3
(39.2)
SK incheon 275 - 34 3412.4
(32.4)
Total2,808
(3,288)393
Ratio
(%)
230 62322.2
(30.8)
(UNIT : 1000
B/D)
Korea Petroleum Association Magazine [Sep. of 2006]
Note) ( ) means an expectation figure after completion in 2010
To develop facilities in Koreao develop facilities in Korea
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153,771 thousand barrel in Korea- There are 9 reserve resources and 4 of them are constructingin Ulsan and Yeosu
The quantity of saving for emergencyhe quantity of saving for emergency
Quantity of saving
ClassificationGovernment Private
U.S. 695,938 1 1,052,658 1 1
2 2
3
5
4
6
5
6
3
4
2
3
5
4
1,748,596
6
303,053
87,044
80,970
123,343
95,405
Japan 321,303 624,356
Germany 192,795 279,839
Korea 72,801 153,771
France 73,119 196,462
Spain 34,946
TOTAL
130,351
(Unit : 1000 B)
IEA Statistics, at late of May,
2005
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Status of Korea Automobile Industries2.2.
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The number of auto production is 370 million cars (as of 2005)- Domestic demand : 30 , export : 70The number of auto possession was 15,734 thousand cars (as of 2006.8)
Status of Automobile industriestatus of Automobile industries
SALEYear
PRODUCTI
ONDOMESTIC EXPORT
1,451,450
1,622,268
1,318,312
1,093,652
1,142,562
723,736
IMPORT
2001 2,946,329 1,501,213 16,638
1,509,546
1,814,938
2,379,563
2,586,088
1,644,814
30,491
30,500
34,712
46,221
34,655
12,914,613
2002 3,147,584 13,949,441
2003 3,177,870 14,587,333
2004 3,469,464 14,934,474
2005 3,699,350 15,397,095
POSSESSIO
N
2006.8 2,390,814 15,734,200
(UNIT : CARS]
KAMA, Automobile Statistics Monthly Magazine, October
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The type of car - passenger car (72 ), van(20 ), truck and so on (20 )
Possession Status by the type of carossession Status by the type of car
YEAR TOTAL
PASSELNGE
R CAR VAN
8,889,349
9,737,430
10,278,940
10,620,574
11,122,214
11,452,800
TRUCK
2001 12,914,613 1,257,424 2,728,464
1,257,318
1,247,095
1,204,625
1,124,961
1,108,509
2,894,412
3,016,461
3,062,366
3,102,219
3,124,170
39,376
2002 13,949,441 42,281
2003 14,587,333 44,837
2004 14,934,474 46,909
2005 15,397,095 47,701
AMBLETTE
2006.8 15,734,200 48,721
(UNIT : CARS)
KAMA, Automotive Statistics Monthly Magazine, October
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From 2000, it increase steadily as 0.4 and in 2006 it reaches 4 , Lexus 17 ,BMW 16 , Mercedes-Benz 11
The market share of import carshe market share of import cars
Classification 00 01 02 03
1.3% 1.9%
19,481
(1.9%)
15,351
(8.7%)
16,119
(1.3%)
12,058
(5.9%)
04
0.7%
7,747
(0.7%)
5,589
(3.5%)
05
Market share 0.4% 2.6% 3.3%
23,345
(2.6%)
17,678
(10.7%)
30,901
(3.3%)
21,998
(11.8%)
4.3%
#Sale
(market share)
4,414
(0.4%)
9,767
(4.3%)
Sales
(market share)
06
6,917
(14.5%)
(UNIT : CARS, 100 MILLION
)
KAMA
0.7 1.3
1.9 2.6
3.34.3
3.5
5.9
8.7
10.7 11.8
14.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Market share
Sales
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Status of Petroleum Product Distribution3.3.
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Regular gasoline Vs Premium gasolineMarket share of Premium gasoline increase steadilylike 0.1 in 2002, 0.2 in 2003, 0.3 in 2004, 0.5 in
2005
Distribution trends of Petroleum product by yearistribution trends of Petroleum product by year
YearTotal
consumptionGasoline Kerosene Diesel BC Naphtha LPG
2001 743.7 62.7 61.7 132.2 123.8 233.3 84.4
2002 762.9 64.1 58.5 138.0 116.9 245.3 91.4
2003 762.9 60.5 52.9 145.4 111.4 252.4 88.6
2004 752.3 58.2 43.1 143.8 101.0 262.9 88.4
2005 761.1 59.6 39.4 142.5 96.4 273.3 91.7
2006.1~6 375.9 28.8 17.2 73.5 47.4 134.4 47.1
(UNIT : MILLION
B, %)
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The number of gas station reaches 11,580 and SK and GS-Caltex occupies35 and 27 of market share, respectively.
Status of gas station in Koreatatus of gas station in Korea
SKGS-
Caltex
HyundaiOi
lbankS-OiL Importer
#station 4,075 3,167 2,287 1,588 411 9 43 11,580
14 0.3
No name
20
SK
incheonTotal
Ratio
(%)35 27 3.7 100
(as of 2006. 6)
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Country Gasoline price Tax ratio Reference
1 Belgium 1.420 64.6 % 06.03
2 Sweden 1.363 63.9 % 06.03
3 U.K. 1.716 63.8 % 06.05
4 Finland 1.465 63.5 % 06.03
5 Denmark 1.410 63.5 % 06.03
6 Portugal 1.390 62.8% 06.03
7 Germany 1.649 62.1 % 06.05
8 France 1.589 61.5% 06.05
9 Italy 1.634 58.8% 06.05
10
11
12 Austria 1.201 57.7 % 06.03
Average
Ireland
Korea
1.236
1.543
1.267
57.9 %
57.3 %
51.8 %
06.03
06.07
Gasoline price for end-user in Korea is higher than that of the othersand 57 of its price is tax
Petroleum price (Gasoline)etroleum price (Gasoline)
Energy Dtente, June of 2006* Average means simple average of OECD 20 countries
(The exchange rate : 941.40 /$)
(UNIT :1000/L)
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Country Diesel price Tax ratio Reference
1 U.K. 1.549 65.2 06.05
11 Finland 1.166 49.0 06.03
12 Korea 1.296 47.2 06.07
2 Portugal 1.171 62.8 06.03
3 Germany 1.249 56.6 06.05
4 France 1.226 54.9 06.05
5 Sweden 1.283 54.3 06.05
6 Denmark 1.231 53.7 06.03
7 Italy 1.323 52.0 06.05
8 Ireland 1.226 51.3 06.03
9 Belgium 1.166 50.5 06.03
10
Average
06.0350.41.124Austria
1.088 43.5%
Diesel price for end-user is higher and 47 of price is tax.Petroleum price (Diesel)etroleum price (Diesel)
(UNIT :
1000/L)
Energy Dtente, June of 2006
* Average means simple average of OECD 20 countries
(The exchange rate : 941.40 /$)
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Due to high crude oil price, petroleum product become more expensive
The trends of petroleum product price in Koreahe trends of petroleum product price in Korea
YEAR GASOLINE KEROSENE DIESEL
80
581 185 178 14490 384 191 182 95
00 1,248 545 613 304
01 1,280 574 645 320
02 1,269 553 678 334
03 1,295 640 772 363
1,365
1,432
1,545
758 908
874
971
1,080
1,298
04 393
05 449
06.8 549
BC
(UNIT : /L)
MOCIE
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Tax ratio by petroleum productsPrice system of Petroleum Product (as of 2006. 6)rice system of Petroleum Product (as of 2006. 6)
Education tax is imposed with 15% of transportation tax (special excise tax]
Local drive tax is imposed with 26%(26.5 %) of transportation tax (sale levy in kerosene)
Taxation (in crude oil, about 3.8 won/L applied 1% ), import levy is included in ex factory,
LPG is under LPG production
Tax
ClassificationEx factory
(A) TrafficEducat
ion
Local
driveSupper
Total
tax
(B)
Margin
(C)
Customer
price
(D=A+B+C)
Gasoline
(Specific
gravity, %)
580(37.6)
526 79 139 140 885(57.3)
79(5.1)
1,543
Diesel
(Specific
gravity, %)
659
(50.9)349 52 93 118
612
(47.2)
25
(1.9)1,296
LPG(Specific
gravity, %)
346
(48.0)179 27 36 66
308
(42.7)
67
(9.3)721
LNG(Specific
gravity, %)
485.12
(75.2)48.47 3.9 -
58.6 110.97
(17.2)
49.04
(7.6)645.1
Kerosene
(Specific
gravity, %)
632
(65.9)134 20.1 23 87
264
(27.5)
63
(6.5)959
He
ati
ng
Tr
ans
for
tati
on
MOCIE
(UNIT : /L,
m3)
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The tax ratio in detailhe tax ratio in detail Petroleum tax is composed of traffic tax, which is 44 as the largest part,
special excise tax, education tax and drive tax, etc
Tr a f fi c tax44
Tar i f f1S u p p e r t a x
21
D i r v e ta x10
E d u c a t i o nta x8
S p e c i a l e x c i s e11
L e v y5
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Price ratio among major transportation fuels is, (if gasoline put on 100 )100 : 47 : 26 (gasoline : diesel : LPG) in 2000 have changed into 100 : 84 : 47In July of 2006. Especially diesel price surged
Price ratio of transportation fuelsrice ratio of transportation fuels
July 2000(reorganization of
price)
4th week of July 2006Classificat
ionPrice
(/L)Price ratio
Price
( /L)Price ratio
Price
( /L)Price ratio
Diesel 604 47 1,299.0 84 75 85
Gasoline 1,279 100 1,545.7 100 100 100
720.84 47 50LPG
(Butane)337
July 2007
(Price ratio)
26 60
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Selling price of refining section at refineries (the prime cost): 50,272.9 billion won
The total tax : 24,300.8 billion won Distribution margin : 3,737.4 billion won
The total related Petroleum (2005)he total related Petroleum (2005)
The total : 78,311.1 billion won Korea Petroleum Association
* The yearly tax revenue related Petroleum product is 24 trillion won,similar to the budget of Defense expenditure.
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Quality Control of Petroleum Product4.4.
Status of Petroleum Product Inspection by yeartatus of Petroleum Product Inspection by year
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Fail details
YEAR#STATIO
N
#INSPECTI
ON Product/
Import step
Distributio
n stepTotal
Fail ratio
(%)
0.48
0.62
0.73
0.70
1.22
0.86
0.95
2000 10,549 57,769 7 269 276(
2001 10,533 65,356 12 392 404
2002 10,635 65,570 9 468 477
2003 11,272 73,042 8 505 513
2004 11,074 81,308 2 989 991
2005 11,713 84,506 1 726 727
2006.6 11,903 41,772 3 393 396
Status of illegal petroleum product in Koreatatus of illegal petroleum product in Korea
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Businessman using petroleum ( gas station, etc)usinessman using petroleum ( gas station, etc)Illegal gasoline : the mixed with petrochemical productor other petrochemical product (solvent and toluene, etc)
Businessman using non-petroleum( illegal sale on road )
Businessman using non-petroleum( illegal sale on road )
Illegal diesel : the mixed with petrochemical productor other petrochemical product( product around diesel, etc)
the material made of illegal diesel become various
Adulteration fuel (Gasoline): disguised additives with the aim of the unfair profits
Businessman using waste oilusinessman using waste oilIllegal distillate fuel : distribute as illegal heating oil suchas reused organic solvent, distillate fuel, etc
The offhe off-spec. ratio (2005)pec. ratio (2005)
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The off-spec. ratio of diesel is increasing every year.
Diesel69.0 )
Gasoline20.9 )
Kerosene7.9 )
Others2.2 )
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Price comparison :rice comparison :
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The margin as same as tax is divided into manufacturer, sellerand end-user gain
Normal gasolineormal gasoline vss illegal gasolinellegal gasolineHonest Gasoline Adulteration GasolineCenox, LP power)
Sale profit396 won)
Sale profit396 won)
Supertax 54 won)upertax 54 won)
The prime cost 540 won)he prime cost 540 won)
Sale profit 80 won)ale profit 80 won)
Supertax 127 won)upertax 127 won)
Traffic tax 535 won)raffic tax 535 won)
The prime cost 523 won)he prime cost 523 won)
Sale price : 1,473 won Sale price : 990 won
Local drive tax 128 won)ocal drive tax 128 won)Education tax 80 won)ducation tax 80 won)
Fake gasolines marginis 5 times as many as that of
honest gasoline
Distribution system of illegal gasolineistribution system of illegal gasoline
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Petroleum distillate businessman(5 refineries)
By-product distributor(4 Petrochemical companies)
Solvent manufacturer (11)
Petroleum import businessman(2 importer)
Gas stations, etcEnd user
Middleman
Solvent agency (82)
Solvent shop (257)
Illegal gasoline maker Illegal diesel maker
Owners of passenger cars
Thinner manufacturers
Small sellers on the road
legal illegal
The estimated omission tax revenuehe estimated omission tax revenue
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due to illegal gasoue to illegal gasolineine
YEAR 97 98 00 01 03 04 05
3,894 4,380
6,6204,010
2,703
1,497
794
161
736
147
578
154
785
85
99 02
735 1,271
275
Exposure
number
(cases)
238
Solvent
consumption
(1000B)
Usage volume of solvent VS the exposure number of illegal gasoline
If legal distribution volume of solvent be estimated as max. one million barrel
(average 7, 260 thousand barrel from 1997 to 2001)
The solvent volume for making illegal gasoline would be 3,380 thousand barrel.
Approx. one trillion won (omission tax revenue) =
3,380 thousand barrel 2 874 won 158.984
(illegal solvent volume) (mix ratio) (gasoline tax) (Barrelliter)
Approx. one trillion won (omission tax revenue) =
3,380 thousand barrel 2 874 won 158.984
(illegal solvent volume) (mix ratio) (gasoline tax) (Barrelliter)
Approx. 100 billion won (omission tax revenue)
= 107,904 thousand barrel 1. 2% 518 won/L 158.984(diesel consumption) (fail ratio) (diesel tax) (barrel liter)
Approx. 100 billion won (omission tax revenue)
= 107,904 thousand barrel 1. 2% 518 won/L 158.984(diesel consumption) (fail ratio) (diesel tax) (barrel liter)
[Ref.] Omission tax revenue in illegal diesel
Status oftatus of Biodieseliodiesel Distributionistribution
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Classification BD 5 BD 20
System permission System permission
BD manufacturer
203%
Whole nation
Bus, truck and construction machines
in place of business which possessSelf maintenance facilities and ones
own fueling station
Time 2006. 7 ~ 2006.7 ~
Blending body Refinery/importer
Blending ratioMax. 5 % (Notification
0.5%)
Subject vehicle All of diesel vehicles
Subject area Whole nation
System method
BD 100 dont distribute due to raw material
Distribution of illegal petroleum productistribution of illegal petroleum product
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according toccording to biodieseliodiesel spreadpread
From July 1, BD 5 came into the whole countryrom July 1, BD 5 came into the whole country
Type 1 : soybean 5 ~ 30 + solvent 5 ~ 30
New kinds of illegal petroleum productbecame spreadNew kinds of illegal petroleum productbecame spread
Type 2 : vegetable oil 10 ~ 20 + solvent 20 ~ 30 , etc soybean oil : raw bean oil
diesel : 1,300 , soybean : 560 , BD 100 : 830 the exposure number reached 27 cases(as of july 1st)
Diesel [BD 5) VS illegal diesel (mixed with beaniesel [BD 5) VS illegal diesel (mixed with beanil)
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oil)
ClassificationNormal
(BD 0.5)
Illegal diesel A
(solvent 20%+
soybean oil 10%)
10 8
2.7
830
0.072
Kinematic
viscosity(mm2/s)2.6 2.7
Density(kg/m3) 828 832
FTIR absorption
1,748 cm-1Specific peak at
1,745 cm-10.105
Illegal diesel B
(solvent 25%+
soybean oil 15%)
Sulfur (mg/kg) 8
To prevent from increasing kinematic viscosity and density,blend ratio is two parts of solvent and one part of soybean oil
Development of Nonevelopment of Non-exposure vehiclexposure vehiclefor inspectioor inspection
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For gasoline and For diesel
Using the vehicles with special testing analyzer, carry outon-site quality inspection after judging normal andabnormal products when fueling (patent submitting)Using the vehicles with special testing analyzer, carry outon-site quality inspection after judging normal andabnormal products when fueling (patent submitting)
Undercover Site Inspection
& Testing Vehicle
Installation of equipment
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Future Trends of Petroleum Quality Spec.5.5.
Fundamental rule for setundamental rule for set-up of future quality spec.p of future quality spec.
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Strengthening sulfur content in connection with strict spec. of automotiveexhaust emission
Strengthening spec. of toxic material Strengthening spec. of precursormaking ozone Become to control NOx from PM and VOCs
Strengthening item for fuel effective (CO2), etc
Influence on automotive emission by fuel itemImprovement of domestic air pollution & Protection of public healthmprovement of domestic air pollution & Protection of public health
Contradiction effect between ability of petroleum refiningfacility and item
State of Petroleum industrytate of Petroleum industry
Consideration of fuel demand supply and policyonsideration of fuel demand supply and policy
Subject Materialubject Materialfor strengthening gasoline test itemor strengthening gasoline test item
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ITEMPollution material
related emissionFundamental Rule
Sulfur HC, CO, NOx
Benzene Toxics, CO2 Harmful, mileage
Olefin Olefin VOCs, Toxics Precursor making ozone
RVP VOCs Precursor making ozone
T90 VOCs Precursor making ozone
Aromatic Toxics, CO2 Harmful, mileage
Allowed to automotive emission
spec.
Subject material for diesel itemubject material for diesel item
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ITEMPOLLUTION MATERIAL
RELAATED EMISSIONFUNDAMENTAL RULE
Sulfur PM
PAH PM, PAHs Harmful
Density PM, NOx, CO2(small) Harmful, mileage
Aromatic content NOx NOx (considering new item)
Cetane index NOx, HC, CO, CO2, engine noise NOx (considering new item)
Allowed to automotive emission
spec.
Future gasoline Spec. (Draft)uture gasoline Spec. (Draft)
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ITEM CURRENT FUTURE SPEC. (DRAFT)
Sulfur content (ppm) Max. 50
Benzene content
(vol%)Max.1 Max. 0.5
Olefin content (vol%) 18(21) 10(12 ~ 13)
Aromatic content
(vol%)30(27) 25 ~ 22 (22 ~ 20)
RVP (kPa, 37.8 ) 65(June ~ August) 60 ~ 50(June ~ August)
Distillation T90 () 175 160
Oxygen content (wt%)1.0`~ 2.3(cold climate)
0.5 ~ 2.3(hot climate)
Max. 15 ~ 10
Future quality spec. Draft For gasoline is as follow
Korea Environment Institute, Study of environmental quality for future
automotive fuel, 2005
Future diesel Spec. (Draft)uture diesel Spec. (Draft)
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ITEM CURRENT FUTURE SPEC. [DRAFT]
Sulfur content (ppm) Max. 30
PAH content (wt%) Max. 11 Max. 5
Density@15 (kg/m3) 815 ~ 845820 ~ 840
(815 ~ 835)
Lubricity (HFRR) Max. 460 Max. 460
Aromatic content
(vol%)- Max. 15
Carbon Residue in
10% residual oil(wt%) Max. 0.15
Cetane index (value) Min. 45 Min. 52
Max. 10
Korea Environment Institute, Study of environmental quality for future
automotive fuel, 2005
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Others6.6.
TV advertisementfor preventing of illegal gasoline
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Thanks for your attention!