7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 1/27

INTRODUCTION TO

RESEARCHDr Mohd Nasir Ismail

Faculty of Information Management

Unviersiti Teknologi MARA

Cawangan elantan

 Tel! "#$%#&'""" ( ")#$#*%'"+#

,mail! nasir%**-kelantan.uitm.edu.my 

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 2/27

Contents

). /hat is research0

'. De1nition of research

*. Characteristics of research2. 3ualities of good researchers

+. Characteristics of good researchers

&. The research 4rocess

'

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 3/27

/hat is R,5,ARC60

• R,5,ARC6 is com4osed of ' words – RE is a 4re17 meaning again8 anew or

over again.

 – SEARCH a ver9 meaning to e7amineclosely and carefully8 to test and try8 orto 4ro9e or study thoroughly.

*

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 4/27

De1nition of research

• :The 4rocess of 1nding solutions to a4ro9lem after a thorough study andanalysis of the situational factors;

<5ekaran = >ougie8 '")"?

•  :The systematic investigation intothe study of materials8 sources etc in

order to esta9lish facts and reachnew conclusions; <@7ford,ncyclo4edia ,nglish Dictionary?

2

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 5/27

De1nition of research

• : a 4rocedure 9y which we attem4tto 1nd systematically8 and with thesu44ort of demonstra9le fact8 the

answer to a uestions or theresolution of a 4ro9lem; <Beedy8)##?

• :the systematic8 controlled8 em4iricaland critical investigation ofhy4othethical 4ro4ositions a9out

4resumed relations among natural;

+

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 6/27

Characteristics of Research

). ,m4irical

'. Bogical

*. Cyclical2. Analytical

+. Critical

&. Methodical%. Re4lica9ility

&

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 7/27

,MIRICAB

• R,5,ARC6 is 9ased on directe74erience or o9servation 9y theresearcher.

•  The collection of data relies on4ractical e74erience without givingconsideration to scienti1c knowledge

or theory.

%

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 8/27

B@EICAB

• R,5,ARC6 is 9ased on valid 4rinci4les.(clear reasoning)

• 5cienti1c study is done in orderly manner

so that the investigator has con1dence onthe results.

• 5ystematic e7amination of the 4roceduresused in the research ena9les theinvestigator to draw valid conclusions.

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 9/27

CCBICAB

• R,5,ARC6 is a cyclical 4rocess9ecause it starts with a 4ro9lem andends with a 4ro9lem.

• An investigator who com4letes hisstudy states his 1ndings and drawsu4 his conclusions and

recommendations.

#

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 10/27

ANABTICAB

• R,5,ARC6 utiliGes 4roven analytical4rocedures in gathering the data8 whether8historical8 descri4tive8 e74erimental8 and

case study.• In historical studies8 data gathered focus in

the 4ast while descri4tive focuses on the4resent situation.

• Descri4tive research is the most commonamong the four research designs.

)"

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 11/27

CRITICAB

• R,5,ARC6 e7hi9its careful and4recise Hudgment.

• >ased on the levels of con1dence8the investigator is 4recise in hisinter4retations on whether theresults are signi1cant or insigni1cant8

or whether to reHect or acce4t thenull hy4othesis.

))

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 12/27

M,T6@DICAB

• R,5,ARC6 is conducted in a methodicalmanner without 9ias using systematicmethods and 4rocedures.

•

Methodology includes assum4tions andvalues that serve as rationale for researchand the standards or criteria theresearcher uses for inter4reting data andresearch conclusions.

• Method sim4ly refers to the researchtechniue or tool used to gather data.

)'

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 13/27

R,BICA>IBIT

• R,5,ARC6 design and 4rocedures arere4eated to ena9le the researcher to arriveat valid and conclusive results.

•

Re4lica9ility of a study means using thesame instrument8 method8 and 4rocedure9ut to dierent su9Hects and venue.

• 5imilarities and dierences of re4licated

researches can 9e com4ared. The morere4lications8 the more valid and conclusiveresults would 9e.

)*

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 14/27

3ualities of a Eoodresearcher

• Research$oriented

•

EJcient• Scienti1c

• Eective

• Active

• Resourceful

•

Creative• Honest

• Economical

• Religious

)2

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 15/27

 T,5 ofR,5,ARC6

)+

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 16/27

 Ty4es of Research

)&

>asicResearc

h

A44liedResearc

h

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 17/27

>asic Research

• Also called :fundamental research; or:4ure research;

• It seeks to discover 9asic truths or

4rinci4les.• Intended to add to the 9ody of scienti1c

knowledge 9y e74loring the unknown toe7tend the 9oundaries of knowledge as

well as to discover new facts8 and learnmore accurately the characteristics ofknown without any 4articular thought as toimmediate 4ractical utility.

)%

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 18/27

'. A44lied Research

  This ty4e of research involves seeking newa44lications of scienti1c knowledge to thesolution of a 4ro9lem8 such as thedevelo4ment of a new system or 4rocedure8

new device8 or new method in order to solvethe 4ro9lem.

  The 4ro9lem is identi1ed and a new system ornew method is a44lied in order to solve the

4ro9lem.  A44lied research 4roduces knowledge of

4ractical use to man.

)

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 19/27

>asic vs a44lied research

)#

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 20/27

Classi1cation of Research

'"

        )Bi9rary

Research

        'Field

Research

        *Ba9orato

ryResearch

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 21/27

Bi9rary Research

•  This is done in the li9rary whereanswers to s4eci1c uestions or4ro9lems of the study are availa9le

• Field and la9oratory researches alsomake use of li9rary research evensome of the answers to some

4ro9lems are not availa9le in theli9rary.

')

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 22/27

Field Research

• Research is conducted in a natural settingand no changes in the environment aremade.

• Field research is 9oth a44lica9le todescri4tive survey and e74erimental ande74erimental methods.

''

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 23/27

Ba9oratory Research

•  The research is conducted in arti1cial orcontrolled conditions 9y isolating the studyin a thoroughly s4eci1ed and eui44edarea.

•  This research is a44lica9le toe74erimental8 descri4tive and case$controlstudies.

•

 The 4ur4oses are!• To test the hy4othesis derived from theory

• To control variance under researchconditions

• To discover the relations 9etween thede4endent and inde4endent varia9les '*

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 24/27

 The Research rocess

'2

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 25/27

 The Research rocess

Identify broad area ofresearch

Select topic

or!"late research

ob#ecti$esDecide approach

or!"late plan

Collect data

Analy%e data

&resent 'ndings

<Ada4ted fromEill = Kohnson8)##%?

'+

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 26/27

 The Research rocess <3uantitative?

 Theoreticalframework L

varia9lesclearly

identi1edand la9eled

Eenerationof

hy4otheses

5cienti1cresearchdesign

<Ada4ted from5ekaran8 '""*?

@9servationL 9road areaof research

interestidenti1ed

reliminarydata

gathering Linterviewing= literature

review

ro9lemde1nition Lresearch4ro9lem

delineatedDeduction Lhy4otheses

su9stantiated8research uestions

answered

Re4ortwriting

Re4ortresentatio

n

Managerialdecisionmaking

 (esNo

)

'

*Data collection =

analysis andinter4retation

%

#)*

))

'&

2 + &

7/23/2019 01 Introduction to saResearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/01-introduction-to-saresearch 27/27

 The ,ndThe End