01 History of Plastics.ppt

7/27/2019 01 History of Plastics.ppt

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The History of PlasticsTo accompany video



Timeline



Definition

Plastic is broadly defined as

Any inherently formless material that can be

molded or modeled under heat or pressure



As early as…

Go back as far as the Old Testament

References of:

Fillers

Adhesives

Coatings



Good Ol’ Enoch Noyes

1760

Opened business with the use of natural

polymers

Made combs out of organic proteins

(Keratin and Albuminiod) derived from

animal horns, hoofs, an tortoise shells



In the beginning…

Greek word plastikos

First natural plastics

Tortoise shell Tree resins

Shellac

Insect secretion



Christian Schoenbine

Swiss Chemist

1840’s

Developed Cellulose nitrate Mix of cotton, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid



Rubber’s Helping Hand

Charles Goodyear's discovery of theVulcanization process for natural rubber

in 1839.

In 1851, the rubber industry discoveredebonite, or hard rubber

The first thermosetting material to be

involved in a chemical modification ofnatural material



Ebonite bracelet from 1880



Parkes Invents First Man-Made

Plastic

The first man-made plastic was unveiled by

Alexander Parkes at the 1862 Great International

Exhibition in London.

Parkesine- organic material derived from cellulose thatcould be molded in heat and retain its shaped when

cooled

Buttons

Combs

Pens



Alexander Parkes- 1855

Rights sold to Daniel Spill (1865)

Patented

Downfall- high cost of the raw materials needed

in its production.



John Wesley Hyatt

Billiard Co. in U.S.

Needed substitute for ivory in making balls

John Wesley Hyatt developed collodion

Upon spilling a bottle of collodion in his workshop,

he discovered that the material congealed into a

tough, flexible film

Camphor and cellulose nitrate

Explosion upon impact



Bakelite

Dr. Leo Baekeland

First totally synthetic plastic (1907)

Patented in 1909

Thermoset resin

Replaced rubber for insulation in

electrics



Bakelite

Phenol-formaldehyde resins

which he called Bakelite.



Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

PVC was first created by

the German chemist

Eugen Baumann in 1872.

Patented in 1913 Waldo L. Semon,

invented a way to make

polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

useful



PVC Cloth brushes from

England in 1950



Polymerization

In 1920, German Hermann

Staudinger published theories

on polyaddition

Nine year later published thepolymerization of polystyrene.

1950’s Uncle Sam

moneybox, from

England

(Polystyrene)



Polystyrene

Dow Chemical

brought polystyrene

to the U.S. in 1937

Toy shark, in

Polystyrene, with

moving jaw, Made

in USA around

1950

Polystyrene

up close



Dr. Wallace H. Carothers

1930’s research on

polymer chains at

DuPont Chemical

Department Published theory of

polycondensation

Invented Neoprene

and Nylon



World War II

Nylon Ropes, tent and

parachute straps, belts,etc

Teflon Polytetrafluoroethylene

(PTFE)

Dupont Chemical

Department First used for artillery

shell covers



World War II

Polyethylene (1933)

Imperial Chemical Industries in England

E.W. Fawcett & R.O. Gibson

First used for underwater cable coatings and

insulation for radar



Polyethylene

1943 Karl Ziegler changed

polymerization of

polyethylene

Use of catalysts

Now is most widely

produced and perhaps most

versatile plastic



Polypropylene

Guilio Natta continued Ziegler’s work

Created polypropylene in 1957

Substituted for polyethylene where high

temperatures were involved Ex. Dishwasher safe dishes

Car’s front bumper

made of polypropylene

in 1978

01 History of Plastics.ppt

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