01 Elements Unit 1-2

8/10/2019 01 Elements Unit 1-2

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IB Music SL

Elements of Music

Unit 1


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1. Melody: Musical Line

Defining Melody The tune

Horizontal aspect of musicPitches and intervals

The skyline of themajestic Grand Tetonmountains in Wyomingresembles the rise and fallof melodic lines.


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Characteristicsof Melody

RangeContour

Conjunct movement Disjunct movement
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2. Rhythm: Musical Time

RhythmBeat

Accented beats providerhythmic pulse

Meter Measure

The duple subdivisions of thebays above the vaulted archesin Lincoln Cathedral (c, 1282)in England can be comparedto simple meters in music.


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Metrical

Patterns DownbeatDuple meter

Triple meter Quadruple meter,or common time
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Metrical Patterns

Simple meters

Compound meters

Sextuple meter

Like meter in music, basic repeatedpatterns provide the interest in thispainting by artist Robert Delaunay(1885 1941). Rhythm No. 1,1937.


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Metrical Patterns

Syncopation

Accent shifted to an offbeat

Polyrhythm

Additive meter

Nonmetric
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3. Harmony: Musical Space

Harmony (vertical aspect of music)ChordScale Syllables or numbers assigned to the tones of thescales Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-door 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8

Octave


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The Function of Harmony

Implied movement and progression from chordto chordTriad

Harmony lends a sense ofdepth to music, as perspectivedoes in this photograph. byFernand Ivaldi, of a viewdown a tree-lined canal inFrance.


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The Organization of Harmony

Tonic or keynote :First note of scale ( do ) is

home base

Tonality Major tonality Minor tonality

Diatonic harmonyChromatic harmony
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Consonance and Dissonance

Dissonance Consonance

Drone


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4. Musical Texture

Types of Texture Monophony

HeterophonyImprovisation

Polyphony

CounterpointHomophony


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Contrapuntal Devices

Imitation Canon

Round (Ex.: Row, Row, Row Your Boat )
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5. Musical Form

Structure and Design in MusicRepetitionand contrast

Variation Improvisation

The Gates in Central Park (2005). byartists Christo and Jeanne-Claude,show the reliance of art on the basicelement of repetition. This massivepublic art installation included 7,500orange gates extending over 23 milesof footpaths in New York

s Central

Park.


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Two-Part and Three-Part

Form

Binary Form A-B

Ternary Form A-B-A
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The Building Blocks of Form

Theme Thematic development

Sequence Motive

Some artists explore symmetricalpatterns that relate to the compositionalbuilding blocks of motives andsequences in music. Rosace (1941). byFleury-joseph Crpin (1875 1948), is a

good example.


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The Building Blocks of Form

Call and response , or responsorial music Ostinato

Movement
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6. Musical Expression: Tempo and

Dynamics The Pace of Music = Tempo Tempo Markings

Allegro Moderato Adagio AccelerandoRitardando

Italian Futurist painterGiacomo Balla(1871 1958)creates a pictorial depictionof speed and movement inGirl Running on a Balcony

(1912).


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Loudness and Softness

DynamicsForte

Mezzo forte Mezzo pianoPiano


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Moving from one dynamic toanother:

Crescendo Decrescendoor diminuendo


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Tempo and Dynamicsas Elements of Musical ExpressionShaping the expressive content of music

Metronome

Interpretation

Dynamic contrasts in music may becompared to light and shade inpainting. The concert (1626), byHeiidrik Terbruggen (1388 1629).


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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/03%20Music%20Examples%20all%20mp3/imusic%20examples/Beethoven%20Sym%205%20First.mp3

01 Elements Unit 1-2

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