01-Alternative Fuels Part 1
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Transcript of 01-Alternative Fuels Part 1
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Transportation: Sweden as an Exampled bl d b lStatus, Needs, Impacts, Problems, Future Scenarios and Possibilities
Dr. Primal Fernandoi l@ f d
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[email protected]: (081) 2393608
Outlines
Fossil fuels Fossilfuels Themajorchallengersintransportsector Sustainabletransportationp Alternativefuels
EthanolN l (NG)Naturalgas(NG) Biogas
Hydrogenandfuelcells Hydrogenandfuelcells Hybridsystems Newvisionsyourideas
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What a e the ajo halle e i the t a o tatio e to ? Whatarethemajorchallengersinthetransportationsector?
Whythisissoimportant?
Isthisimportanttopictotalk?
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MajorChallengersj g Modernsocietyishighlydependentonsmoothperformingtransport
systemandthedemandstillgrowingy g g Uselargeamountofenergy,mainlyoil.. ApproximatelytotalenergyconsumptioninSwedenisbytransport
sectorsector MorethanofenergyconsumesbycartravelsinSweden ApproximatelytotalenergyconsumptioninSriLankaisbytransport
sectorsector Causerangeofenvironmentalproblems..NOxemissions,acidrains,
impactonhumanhealthduetoimpairedurbanairquality,Globalwarmingwarming
ApproximatelytotalCO2 emissionsinSwedenisbytransportsector ApproximatelytotalCO2 emissionsintheworldisbytransportsector
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InSriLanka,autodieselhasbeenthedominanttransportfuel, pmainlyasaresultoftheextensivepublictransportnetworkandtheartificialpetroleumproductpricingpolicy,whereautodiesel is always priced at a fraction of the price of gasoline.
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dieselisalwayspricedatafractionofthepriceofgasoline.
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7Worlds energy consumptionWorldsenergyconsumption
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250History Projections
39%
100
150
adril
li on
Btu Oil
Natural Gas
25%23%
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100
Qua
Renewables
Nuclear
Coal
8%
5%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250
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Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook 2004
PopulationinChina 1337million(%19.6) PopulationinIndia 1181million(%17.1)
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PopulationinUSA 309million(%4.5)
Oiladdictionbytransportsectory p
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Sweden.
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Globaltemperaturechangep g
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Icecoverchangeg
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Globaltemperaturechangep g Atleast25%isresponsiblebytransportsector Articseaicecoverdecreasedsince1950 Seawaterlevelincreases
Possiblesealevelrise13to15feetincreaseduetoclimatechange Next100years,itwouldbeabout1my
Completecollapseoficecover Quarter of Louisiana 15%Washington D C QuarterofLouisiana,15%WashingtonD.C. CompletelysubmergedSouthFlorida InFlorida,Louisiana,SouthCarolina,Virginia,NewYork,andNew
J h b t t t f th tJersey,areaswhereabouttenpercentormoreofthecurrentpopulationlivewouldbepermanentlylost,accordingtoapreviousreportoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
I lo lyi ou t ie a y I la d
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InlowlyingcountriesmanyIslands
Dosomethingimmediatelyg y Reductionofenergyconsumptionefficiencyimprovementsandhybrid
systems Vehiclemanufactures Imposefuelefficiencystandardsy p y Imposeregulationstopollutants CO2 tax Giveconcessionstocleanvehicleowners freeparkinginSweden Sustainable transportation systems Sustainabletransportationsystems Reductionoffossilfuelconsumption Newlegislations (6.30to18.30hrs,20SEKforleavingorenteringto
h i )thecity) Increasetheavailabilityofcleanermoreefficientfuels Newvisions
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Howaboutoil? Endofoilin40years?Isittrue?
Shouldwestopusingoil?
Whatwouldbethefutureoilprice?
Isthesituationiscritical?
Are we too late to find solutions? Arewetoolatetofindsolutions?
Whatwouldbeourfuturetransportations?
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1 Barrel of Petroleum = 158.98729476 Liters
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In USA approximately 11 liters per person per day28
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Whenwewillrunoutofoil?
N t i lif tiNotinourlifetimeButprice.$1000perbarrel
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Endstoneage,notlackofstones,butendofoilage?
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