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International journal ofMultidisciplinary

Research and information

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATESECTOR BANKS IN INDIA

Pradip Kumar PradhanLecturer in Commerce G.M. College, Sambalpur, OdishaKEYWORDS:

Public sector banks, private sectorbanks, non- performing assets, priceearning ratio

Received on 15 June, 2015Received in revised form, 28 June2015Accepted, 5 July, 2015Published 15 July, 2015

ABSTRACT: The economic development of a country mostly depends upon the efficientbanking system. Indian banking system has undergone significant transformationfollowing financial sector reforms. The co-existence of both public and private sectorbanks drives the banking sector to more competitive position. Indian banking system isadopting best banking practices, new technology and customer friendly atmosphere with avision to strengthen their performance. This study strives to examine the comparativeperformance of banking sector in relation to private and public sector banks. Theresearcher has analysed several performance indicators of the banks to compare theirperformance. The study is based on the secondary data retrieved from Report on Trendand Progress of Banking in India .The study analyse the loan asset quality and priceearning ratio of banks to evaluate their performance. The scope of the study is limited tothe analysis of NPAs and price earning ratio (P/E ratio) of the public sector banks andprivate sector banks for the period six (6) years i.e. from 2007-08 to2012-13. It examinesthe trend of NPAs and price earning ratios in both public sector and private sector banks.The data has been analyzed by statistical tools such as percentages, average, standarddeviation and correlation. The study observed that the private sector banks have achieved abetter performance compared to the public sector banks and the public sector banks needsto improve their performance especially in management of non-performing assets.

INTRODUCTION: Economic conditions of acountry basically depend upon the effectiveness ofbanking sector. In India there was co- existence ofprivate and public sector banks. Banking industry isa major sector of the economy that has achievedrenewed focus after financial sector reforms and theentry of private sector banks. Both the public andprivate sector banks have played a pivotal role in theeconomic development of India. These banks are thefoundation of modern economic development andlinchpin of development strategy .It forms the coreof the financial sector of an economy. Banks areimproving the allocation of resources by lendingmoney to priority sector of the economy.

QUICK RESPONSE CODE Corresponding author:

Pradip Kumar PradhanG.M. College, Sambalpur, Odisha

Article can be accessed online on:www.journalijmri.comCopyright © Pradip Kumar Pradhan., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

These banks provide an interface for the saversand investors among various indicators offinancial stability. The non-performing loan ofthe bank assumes critical importance since itreflects on the quality of asset, credit risk andefficiency in the allocation and management ofresources. It also affects the profitability andreputation of the organisation.

Presently, Indian banking system is indeveloping stage. It developing its overallperformance in terms of technology, productrange and number of branches but still it is achallenge to the banks to reach the rural areas.The Reserve Bank of India is mainly concernedwith providing finance to the priority sectors,weaker section of society and providing creditunder differential rate of interest scheme. Afterthe economic reforms in 1991, entry of manyprivate players has been permitted, as a result ofwhich the quality banking services is inincreasing spree due to competitive environment

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MultidisciplinaryResearch and information


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IJMRIInternational journal of

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Pradip Kumar Pradhan., IJMRI, 2015; Vol. 1(3): 144-148.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and information 145

and diversified services are provided to the customerto suit their needs. PSB’s have already sacrificed alot of their profits for achievement of socialobjectives as a part of their corporate socialresponsibility. Due to cut throat competition andupgraded technology, the PSB’s are thinking aboutimprovement of their productivity and profitability,which is essential to survive in a globalisedeconomy.

The future of PSB’s would be based on theircapability to continuously build good quality assetsin an increasingly competitive environment andmaintaining capital adequacy and stringentprudential norms. It has been felt that there is a needto increase the performance of the banks in relationto profitability and quality of loan assets.

In this context this study has undertaken anempirical analysis for evaluating and comparing thenon-performing loans, profits and price-earningsratio of the public sector banks and private sectorbanks of India to judge their performance.

Review of Literature: Dr. K. Ramesha (2003):states that the co-operative banks have madesubstantial progress in India, but it is not in respectto cooperative values and philosophy as enunciatedin cooperative principles. The extension of financialsector reform programmes mainly the prudentialstandards to cooperative banking at par withcommercial banks. The paper identifies severalbroad areas for the intervention of researchers underthree categories, i.e. prudential standards,professional management and governance andsupervision and regulation against the backdrop offinancial sector reforms.

Sathya (2005) analyse the effect of privatization ofbanks on performance and efficiency. The bankingsector in India includes domestic banks (privatesector, joint sector banks and fully PSB’s) as well asforeign banks. The objective of this study is toanalyse the impact of privatization on the bankingfirms. The researcher has concluded that partiallyprivatized banks have performed better as comparedto fully PSB’s in respect of financial performanceand efficiency point of view. Partially private ownedbanks have continued to show improved

performance and efficiency after privatization.P.Veerachamy- (2006) the researcher states thatthe bank faces various difficulties in goodperformance with respect to priority sector. Hisstudy clearly deals with the performance ofprimary co-operative agricultural and ruraldevelopment in Dindigul District in Tamil Nadu.Further he analyzed and examined through hisstudy the impact of overdues of the banks. Thestudy revealed the external factor and internalfactor as to the cause of borrower not making thedue and the account becoming NPA. Default inpayment of credit is correlated with literacy andilletracy of a borrower.

A. Ananth-(2007)- suggested that the Indianbanking and financial system has madecommercial progress in extending itsgeographical spread and functions reach. Thestudy shows the performance of private sectorbanks in the post liberalization era and analyzingthe cause of the poor performance andsuggesting the measures to improve upon it. Thestudy highlighted the strength and weakness ofonly the private sector banks. Emitted variousfinancial problems and focus on the financialproblems and encourages new technology andnew products with the result the profitability andefficiency can be increased.

Objectives of the study: This study is basedupon the comparative study of the performanceof public and private sector banks in India. Themain the objectives of the study are:

To study Comparison between assetqualities of public sector banks and privatesector banks in India.

To compare the price earning (P/E) ratio ofvarious public and private sector banks.

To compare the overall performance of thepublic sector banks and private sectorbanks.

To suggest some measures for increasingthe performance of the banks.

Research Methodology: The present study isanalytical in nature. The researcher uses thesecondary data from the published source and



the period of study is for six years from 2007-08 to20012-13 which is compiled from the ‘reports ontrends and progress of banking in India’ and RBIwebsite. The scope of this study is limited to sixyears data only and the data has been analysed byusing trend analysis, percentage, averages, standard

deviation and correlation.

The study is related to private sector banks andpublic sector banks and in case of private sectorBanks it includes both old private sector banksand new private sector banks.

Table 1 Gross and net NPAs of public and private sector banks of India

Gross NPAs Net NPAs % of Gross NPAs to Grossadvance ( ` in billions)

% of Net NPAs to Netadvance ( ` in billions)

Public sectorbanks

Private sectorbanks

Public sectorbanks

Private sectorbanks

Public sectorbanks

Private sectorbanks

Public sectorbanks

Private sectorbanks

2007-08 404 130 178 65 2.20 2.47 1.00 1.092008-09 451 170 210 74 2.00 2.90 0.90 1.292009-10 599 176 293 63 2.19 2.74 1.09 1.012010-11 746 182 360 44 2.23 2.25 1.09 0.562011-12 1,178 187 593 44 3.30 2.10 1.50 0.502012-13 1,650 210 900 59 4.10 2.00 2.00 0.50

Mean 838 175.83 422.33 58.17 2.67 2.41 1.26 0.83r* 0.83 -0.41 -0.81 -0.75

# Source: Report on trend and progress of banking in India, various issues. r*- Coefficient of correlation

Table 2 Price Earning Ratios Of Public Sector And Private Sector Banks

Sl.No. Name of Banks 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 MeanPublic sector banks

1 Allahabad Bank 3.4 2.2 5.2 7.1 4.8 5.3 4.672 Andhra Bank 6.1 3.3 5 5.8 5.0 4.1 4.883 Bank of Baroda 6.7 3.6 7.3 8.6 5.9 5.8 6.324 Bank of India 6.4 3.7 10 9.8 7.3 6.2 7.235 Bank of Maharashtra 6.6 2.4 4.9 8.6 6.1 4.0 5.436 Canara Bank 5.1 3.3 5.6 6.4 6.3 5.7 5.407 Central Bank of India - 2.4 5.3 5.4 13.4 5.4 6.388 Corporation Bank 5.4 2.9 5.8 6.4 4.1 3.9 4.759 Dena Bank 4 2.2 4.4 4.9 3.7 3.9 3.85

10 Indian Bank - 2.8 4.9 5.9 6.1 4.8 4.9011 Indian Overseas Bank 6.1 1.9 7.1 8.3 5.6 9.2 6.3712 Oriental Bank of Commerce 5.3 3 7.1 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.6513 Punjab National Bank 7.3 4.1 8 8.4 6.2 4.9 6.4814 Syndicate Bank 4.6 2.7 5.9 6.1 3.6 3.0 4.3215 Union Bank of India 5.1 4.3 7.1 8.1 6.0 5.6 6.0316 State Bank of India 10.1 6.2 11.2 16.4 8.7 7.8 10.0717 State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur 7.9 2.4 4.9 5.1 4.3 4.0 4.7718 State Bank of Mysore 8.5 3.5 5.1 5.4 6.4 6.3 5.8719 State Bank of Travancore 6.2 1.7 4.6 5.1 5.7 4.2 4.5820 UCO Bank 7.1 3.2 3.1 7.4 4.5 6.0 5.2221 IDBI Ltd. 8.6 4.3 8.2 9 5.2 5.6 6.82

Mean 6.34 3.15 6.22 7.37 5.97 5.30 5.71Standard Deviation(S.D) 1.67 1.03 1.95 2.54 2.09 1.42 1.34Private Sector Banks

22 Axis Bank 24.7 8.2 19.7 17.2 11.2 10.8 15.3023 City Union Bank Ltd. 8.9 3.2 7.1 8.4 7.0 7.9 7.0824 Dhanalakshmi Bank 7.1 5.6 36.6 34.2 17.6 147.6 41.4525 Development Credit Bank Ltd - - 36.6 34.2 16.5 10.3 24.4026 Federal Bank Ltd. 6.8 4.9 10.4 12.9 9.7 9.6 9.0527 ING Vysya Bank 17.9 6.9 12.7 12.2 11.1 13.8 12.4328 Indusind Bank Ltd. 33.5 7.6 18.9 21.3 18.7 18.6 19.7729 Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. 9.1 3.7 6.4 8.3 5.5 5.5 6.4230 Karnataka Bank Ltd. 10.1. 2.9 8.9 9.9 7.3 7.1 7.2231 Karur Vysya Bank Ltd. 8.7 4.6 7.4 8.9 8.0 8.8 7.7332 Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. 21.2 14.9 19.9 21.5 22.0 22.2 20.2833 Lakshmi Vilas Bank - 5.3 15.7 9.5 7.8 8.6 9.3834 South Indian Bank Ltd. 9.3 2.9 8.6 8.8 7.0 6.1 7.1235 HDFC Bank Ltd. 28.5 18.3 28.1 27.3 23.2 18.9 24.0536 ICICI Bank Ltd. 23.9 10.4 22.1 20.9 13.4 12.5 17.2037 Yes Bank 24 4.9 - 14.7 13.2 11.7 13.70

Mean 17.20 6.95 17.27 16.89 12.45 20.00 15.13Standard Deviation(S.D) 9.29 4.49 10.14 8.89 5.64 34.36 12.13

# Source: Report on trend and progress of banking in India, various issues. # ‘-‘ : data not available.



Performance analysis: Many factors areresponsible for the performance a bank or financialInstitution. The important factors among them arethe quality of loan assets they have and the priceearning ratio. Present study is based on the analysisof asset quality and P/E ratio of public sector andprivate sector banks in India.

Quality of loan assets: Quality of loan assets is animportant parameter to evaluate the performance offinancial organisation. The organisations havingmore non-performing assets are characterised byinefficient management of assets. It erodes theprofitability of the organisation through unrecoveredportion of interest and principal and excessprovisioning. An efficient management of financialassets will helpful in maximisation of performingassets as well as profit.

It is apparent from table-01 that gross NPAs of theboth public and private sector banks have shown arising trend since 2007-08 to 2012-13. The co-relation value was 0.83, signifies that the grossNPAs of the public sector banks has been growingmore rapidly than private sector banks. Thepercentage of gross NPAs to gross advance of publicsector bank has been showing a increasing trend(2.00 to 4.10) where as the private sector banks hasbeen showing a decreasing trend (2.90 to 2.00) from2008-09 to 2012-13. Further this analysis shows thatthe negative correlation between net NPAs (-0.41),percentage of gross NPAs to gross advances (-0.81)and percentage of net NPAs to net advances (-0.75)of the public and private sector banks. The studyobserved that the private sector banks performedbetter than the public sector banks in terms of assetsmanagement.

Price earning ratio: The price earning ratio isanother performance indicator of different banks.The increasing trend of price earning ratio withstability shows the effectiveness of management andbetter performance of an organisation. This studyanalyse the effectiveness and efficiency ofmanagement and performance of the public andprivate sector banks in India from 2007-08 to 2012-13.

From the above table it is found that the average

P/E ratio of private sector banks having 15.13%,and public sector banks having 5.71% .The P/Eratio of private sector banks having about to 3times more than the public sector banks. Themaximum average price earning ratio ofindividual public sector bank is 10.07 of Statebank of India, where as maximum average priceearning ratio of private sector bank is 41.45 ofDhanalakshmi Bank. It has been observed thatthe public sector banks have low price earningratio throughout the study period (from 2007-08to 2012-13) in comparison to private sectorbanks.

Further the analysis of the standard deviation ofthe P/E ratios of both banks, it was found thatthe price earning ratios are fluctuating heavily.The average standard deviation of private sectorbank is about to 9 times higher than the publicsector banks i.e. 12.13 from public sector banksi.e. 1.34, which shows that the price earning ratiopublic sector banks have more stable in theearning capacity in relation to the share price.There was a mix trend of the price earning ratioof both private and public sector banks but theprivate sectors banks having very highpercentage in relation to public sector bank.Hence, it can be stated that as a whole theprivate sector banks shows an improvedperformance.

Findings: On the basis of above analysis It isfound that the percentage of gross NPAs to grossadvance of private sector banks decreasesconsistently from 2008-09 to 2012-13 i.e.-2.90to 2.00, which shows an increasing performanceof the banks in terms of NPA management. Onthe other hand the percentage of gross NPAs togross advance of public sector banks are inincreasing trend from 2008-09 to 2012-13 i.e.from 2.00 to 4.10, which shows inefficiency inmanagement of NPAs of public sector banks.

Further, from the analysis of price earning ratio,it is also found that the private sector banks areprovide more return on the investment incomparison to public sector banks, which showsthat the performance of private sector banks arebetter than public sector banks. Thus, as a whole



the private sector banks have showed an improvedperformance in comparison to public sector banks ofIndia.

CONCLUSIONS: A strong banking systemflourish the economic development of a country andthe banking sector of India consists of both theprivate and public sector banks. This studyhighlights some of the major performance indicatorsof both the banks. During the study period, it isobserved that the percentage of gross NPAs to grossadvance in case of private sector banks shows adecreasing trend and in case of public sector bank itis in increasing trend, which reveals that the privatesector banks have better performance than the publicsector banks. The co-relation between variousperformance indicators of private and public sectorbanks shows negative except the absolute value ofgross NPAs. The absolute value of gross NPAsshows a increasing trend in both banks due to rise ingross advance but the other indicators shows that theprivate sector banks having better performance incomparison to public sector banks. On the otherhand the price earning ratio of the private banks ismuch more than the public sector bank, whichshows that private banks are successful in theirmanagement to earn more return on theirinvestments.

The study finally concludes that the private sectorbanks are increases their performance to asignificant level and capable of monitoring non-performing assets effectively. However, the increasein the gross NPAs and net NPAs ratio shows that theperformance of the public sector banks not effectivefor proper monitoring of the asset quality they have.

It is suggested that the public sector banks mustimprove their performance in assets managementand stringent action will be taken against thedefaulters. The public sector banks mustimprove their technology at par with privatesector and Requires a customer friendly policy tocompete with other banks.

References

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2. Trivedi A.K. (2002), “Economic Reforms and BankingScenario: An Analysis”, Indian Economic Panorama, AQuarterly Journal of Agriculture, Industry, Trade andCommerce, Special Banking Issue, pp.6-8

3. Janki, B. (2002), Unleashing employ productivity; A needfor a paradigm shift. Indian Banking association bulletin,XXIV (3): 7-9.

4. Chhimpa, J. (2002), Incremental NPA: Stem that Inflow,Vinimaya, 23(3): 18-21.

5. Gujral, N. (2003), NPA Blues and the Securitization Act,Vinimaya, 24(1): 13-23.

6. Malyadri P. (2003), NPA’s in Commercial Banks-AnOverview, Banking Finance, Monthly, January 2003, Vol.XVI, pp.6-9.

7. Chopra, K. (2005), Managing Profitability andProductivity in Public Sector Banking, ABS publications,Jalandhar.

8. Milind Sathya (2005), Privatization, Performance, andEfficiency: A study of Indian Banks, Vikalpa (1):23-28.

9. Desai,V. (2007), Indian Banking-Nature and Problems,Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.

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11. Arora, U., Vashisht, B. and Bansal, M. (2009), AnAnalytical Study of Growth of Credit Schemes of SelectedBanks (March 26, 2009). The Icfai University Journal ofServices Marketing, Vol. VII, No. 1, pp. 51-65, March2009.

12. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) : Report on Trend andProgress of Banking in India : 2008-09, 2010-11, 2012-13,pdf.

13. Website: www.rbi.org.in.

How to cite this article:Pradip Kumar Pradhan: A Comparative Study on the performance of Public and Private sector banks in India. International Journal ofMultidisciplinary Research and Information 2015; 1(3): 144-148.

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